What Are Tactile Graphics?
Tactile graphics are visual representations of information designed to be felt through touch rather than seen. They are widely used to make diagrams, charts, maps, and illustrations accessible for individuals who are blind or visually impaired.
By translating visual information into raised lines, textures, and shapes, tactile graphics allow users to explore and understand concepts through touch. They are commonly used in education, training, and accessibility materials to support inclusive learning.
For a complete guide on how tactile graphics are created and used, visit our Tactile Graphics Resources hub.
How Tactile Graphics Work
Tactile graphics translate visual information into physical textures that can be explored through touch. Instead of relying on sight, users interpret shapes, lines, and spatial relationships using their hands.
These graphics can represent a wide range of information, including diagrams, maps, charts, and illustrations. By converting visual content into raised formats, tactile graphics make complex concepts more accessible for individuals who are blind or visually impaired.
How Are Tactile Graphics Created?
There are several methods used to produce tactile graphics, each suited to different needs.
Swell Paper
Swell paper is one of the most widely used methods for producing tactile graphics. It uses heat-reactive microcapsule paper that expands when printed with black ink and exposed to heat.
- Fast production
- High detail accuracy
- On-demand creation
- Flexible workflow
Learn more about swell paper.
Braille Embossers / Braille Printers
Embossers/printers create braille dots on paper
- Commonly used for braille
- Suitable for simple graphics
- Limited detail
- Interpreting graphics made of braille dots can be hard
Thermoform Machines / Brailon Duplicators
Thermoforming uses heat and masters/molds to create durable tactile graphics.
- Ideal for high-volume production
- Requires masters/molds (the more creative the better!)
- Less flexible
- Graphics are extremely durable
Other Methods for Creating Tactile Graphics
While professional tools like swell paper and swell machines, embossers, and thermoforming are widely used, there are many other ways to create tactile graphics—especially in classroom and DIY settings.
Educators and creators often use simple, hands-on materials such as yarn, glue, sand, cardboard, or textured fabrics to build tactile graphics manually. These approaches can be effective for quick demonstrations, customized lessons, or creative projects where flexibility is important.
The possibilities are virtually endless, and tactile graphics can be adapted using whatever materials are available.
Why Tactile Graphics Are Important
Tactile graphics make visual information accessible through touch, supporting education, navigation, and independence.
They are especially important in:
- Education (STEM, diagrams, maps)
- Orientation and mobility
- Workplace training
- Public accessibility
Best Practices for Tactile Graphics Design
Effective tactile graphics require thoughtful design.
- Keep designs simple and clear
- Use consistent spacing
- Avoid unnecessary detail
- Maintain clear structure
- Use recognizable symbols
Choosing the Right Method
Different methods serve different needs:
- Swell paper: Fast, detailed, and flexible—ideal for classroom use and on-demand tactile graphics
- Embossing: Best for braille and precise tactile text applications
- Thermoforming: The EZ-Form is great for high-volume production and durable materials
- Manual / DIY methods: Materials such as yarn, glue, sand, cardboard, or textured surfaces can be used to create custom tactile graphics for demonstrations and creative learning
For many applications, swell paper offers the best balance of speed, detail, and ease of use. However, combining different methods can provide the most effective results depending on the environment and learning objectives.
Zychem and Tactile Graphics
Zychem has been a leader in tactile graphics production since 1991, manufacturing Swell Touch paper and both Swell Form and Swell Form Pro machines in-house.
This allows consistent performance, reliable output, and high-quality tactile graphics production.
Getting Started with Swell Paper Tactile Graphics
To begin creating tactile graphics using swell paper, you will need:
- Swell paper
- A compatible inkjet or laser printer using black ink
- A swell marker
- A swell paper machine
Conclusion
Tactile graphics are essential tools for making information accessible. With multiple production methods available, they can be adapted to different needs and environments.
Swell paper remains one of the most efficient and flexible solutions for producing tactile graphics on demand.
