Isirayeli
Isreyili |
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| Idolobha elikhulu | ITel Aviv | ||||
| Izilimi | Isi-Arabhu, isiHebreyi | ||||
| Uhulumeni | |||||
| - | Umongameli isekela | ||||
| Ubukhulu | |||||
| - | Jikelele | 22.145 km2 9 sq mi |
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| Inani labantu | |||||
| - | ukulinganisa | 7.772.200 | |||
| Imali | iShekel (₪) | ||||
Elase-Isirayeli liyizwe elitholakala empumalanga ephakathi esifundeni esisentshona nezwekazi Ashiya. eNyakatho nalelizwe kunomngcele olihlukanisa nelaseLebanoni, kube nomngcele olihlukanisa nelaseSiriya enyakatho-mpuma, nomngcele olihlukanisa nelaseJordani empuma, owokugcina kube umngcele olihlukanisa nelaseGibhithe eNingizimu-ntshona. Elase-Isirayeli liphange umhlaba wasePalestina kuhlanganisa nendawo ebizwa West Bank ngasempuma kanye nesiqephu saseGaza eningizimu-ntshona, kanjalo nendawo yaseSiriya ebizwa Golan Heights enyakatho-mpuma. Othungulu olusentshona yalelizwe kukhona uLwandle iMedithera, futhi eNingizimu kukhona uLwandle oluBomvu, bese empuma kube khona uLwandle olubomvu. Isidlavela iJerusaleme siyisiqongo nekomkhulu lulahulumeni wakhona, kuyilapho iThelavivi yona kuyindawo eyisikhungo sezomnotho.
Ngokomlando, lendawo kwakuyizwe lamaKhanani, okuthiwa uThixo wathembisa ukuyiphanga amaKhanani ayinike inzalo ka-Abhrahama. Miningi imibuso emlandweni eyalwa izimpi ukuze ilawule lelizwe. Ngekhulu leminyaka le-19, ukuzondwa kwamaJuda eYurophu kwaphehla umbutho wobuziyoni ukuba ufune indawo okuzoba ikhaya labaJuda. IBrithani yawusria lombono ngesimemezelo sikaBalfour ngowe-1917 futhi yaqala ukulawula iPalestina kusuka ngowe-1920. Ukutheleka kwamaJuda ePalestina nokuphanga kwawo izwe lamaPalestina kwasusa izinxushunxushi phakathi kwabaJuda nabanini mhlaba, futhi ngonyaka we-1947 iNhlangano Yezizwe lapho ihlukanisa izwe, kwaqhuma Impi yangaphakathi ezweni.
Elase-Isirayeli lamemezela uzibuse ekuoheleni koLawulo lamaNgisi mhla zili-14 kuMeyi ngowe-1948, okwenz amazwe wama-Arabu azungezile ahlasele elase-Isirayeli ngosuku olulandelayo. Umkhenene wangowe-1949 wanika elase-Isirayeli uMhlaba omningi okwedlula loyo elaliwunikwe iNhlangano Yezizwe; futhi alikho izwe lama-Arabhu eladalwa, njengoba indawo yase-West Bank yabekwa phansi kweJordani, futhi isiqephu saseGaza sabekwa phansi kweGibhithe. Iningi lamaPalestina labaleka futhi laxhoshwa ukuze kudliwe uMhlaba walo, kwasala abambalwa kuphela. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezinsuku Eziyisithupha ngowe-1967, elase-Isirayeli laqala ukuphanga indawo yase-West Bank nesiqephu saseGaza, iSinayi laseGibhithe, nendawo i-Golan Heights yaseSiriya, futhi laphanga ingxenye esentshona yeJerusalema — okuyizenzo zokuphanga izwe ezaziphula umthetho wamazwe omhlaba. Impi iqhubeke njalo kwaze kwaba ngowe-1979 mhla kucikicwa isivumelwano sokuthula nelaseGibhithe (elabuyelwa iSinayi ngowe-1982) ezinye sacikicwa neJordani ngowe- 1994. Ngonyaka we-1993 kwacikicwa isivumelwano nabasePalestina esasithi bazonikwa uzibuse onemikhawulo, futhi ngowe-2020 amazwe wama-Arabhu acikica isivumelwano esibizwa Abraham Accords sokuzwana. Kodwa indaba yokuphangwa komhlaba ayikaxazululwa kuze kube namuhla, futhi amaPalestina hlezi alwela inkululeko nomhlaba wawo. Ukuphangwa kwezwe lawo yinto egxekwa abantu bamazwe omhlaba. Futhi kusuka kuhlaselo lwamhla ziyiikhonbisa ku-Okthobha 2023, elase-Isirayeli laqala umkhankaso wokuqothula abantu basePalestina abahlala eGaza.
uMsukagama
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]Elithi Elase-Isirayeli liyibizo elichaza umbuso nezwe elingaphansi kwalowo mbuso. Lisuselwa ezweni labantwana bakwa-Isirayeli nombuso wakwa-Israyeli wasendulo. Elithi Isirayeli livela egameni lesiHebheru Yīsrāʾēl, elanikwa inzalamizi uJakobe, ngokwemibhalo yamaHebheru, ngemuva kokugonyoza neNgilosi yeNkosi.
Ngaphansi koLawulo lamaNgisi (1920–1948), lonoecleliyazwe lalibizwa ngokuthi iPalestina. Kodwa kusukela ngowe-1948, leliyazwe lashintyswa igama kwathiwa Elase-Isirayeli, emuva kokuthi amanye amagama ayephakanyisiwe afana nelithi iZwe lase-Israyeli (Eretz Israel), elase-Ebheri, elaseZiyoni, kanye nelaseJudiya, wonke ahlumba. Elithi elase-Isirayeli lasikiselwa nguDavid Ben-Gurion futhi lamukelwa emva kokhetho lwabayithupha behlula abathathu. Emva kwesonto elilodwa, uhulumeni wakhona wakhetha elithi owase-Israyeli ukuze lichaze isakhamizi sakhona.
Owase-Isirayeli yibizo elihlukile kulelo elithi owakwa-Israyeli. Owakwa-Isirayeli lisho ukuthi umuntu uyinzalo ka-Israyeli, ukhokho wabantwana bakwa-Isirayeli. Kanti elithi owase-Isirayeli lisho isakhamizi sendawo ewumbuso oqanjwe ngo-Isirayeli. Lamagama womabili awasho into efanayo nakuba anomsuka owodwa.