Inkohlisa

Inkohlisa iwukwaziswa okungamanga okusakazwa ngamabomu ukuze kukhohliswe abantu.^[1]^[2]^[3] Inkohlisa iwubuqhebeqhebe obuhleliwe bezitha obenziwa kusetshenziswa ubunyolo beqhingasu namasu wokuxaphaza abezindaba ukuze kuqhakanjiswe izimpokophelo zezombusazwe, ezempi noma ezentengiselwano. ^[4] Inkohlisa igunundwa ngohlaselo lwenkohlisa oluphendula amaqhingasu obugwilikinci nokuzuza ulwazi kube yizikhali —kuhlanganisa amanga, amanga amhlophe, iQiniso, neqiniso elincane—ukuze kuxhashazwe futhi kuqongiswe izimpi zesikompilo kanye nezinye izingxabano ezimayelana nobuhlonzi.

Ngokuphambene, elithi Isidukiso (misinformation) lisho amanga adukisayo akhulunywe ngephutha..^[5] Isidukiso singasetshenziselwa ukudala inkohlisa ngokusakaza ngebomu isidukiso esaziwayo.^[6] Elithi "Fake news" lona kwesinye isikhathi lithathwa njengelisho uhlobo lwenkohlisa, kodwa izazi zithi awasho into eyodwa futhi asikho isidingo sokulisebenzisa kwaNgqondonkulu niengoba osombusazwe baliphendule isikhali sokugxeka noma yizipho izindaba ezingabavezi kahle.^[7]

Imithombo

↑ Ion Mihai Pacepa and Ronald J. Rychlak (2013), Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism, WND Books, pp. 4–6, 34–39, 75, ISBN 978-1-936488-60-5
↑ Bittman (1985), The KGB and Soviet Disinformation: An Insider's View, Pergamon-Brassey's, pp. 49–50, ISBN 978-0-08-031572-0
↑ Shultz (1984), Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy, Pergamon-Brassey's, pp. 37–38, ISBN 978-0-08-031573-7
↑ Diaz Ruiz. Disinformation on digital media platforms: A market-shaping approach. pp. 1–24.
↑ Ireton, C; Posetti, J (2018). Journalism, fake news & disinformation: handbook for journalism education and training. UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-100281-6. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 7 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Golbeck, Jennifer, ed. (2008), Computing with Social Trust, Human-Computer Interaction Series, Springer, pp. 19–20, ISBN 978-1-84800-355-2
↑ Freelon, Deen; Wells, Chris (2020-03-03). "Disinformation as Political Communication" (in en). Political Communication 37 (2): 145–156. doi:10.1080/10584609.2020.1723755. ISSN 1058-4609. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10584609.2020.1723755. Retrieved 17 July 2023.

[pacepa-1] Ion Mihai Pacepa and Ronald J. Rychlak (2013), Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism, WND Books, pp. 4–6, 34–39, 75, ISBN 978-1-936488-60-5

[bittman1985-2] Bittman (1985), The KGB and Soviet Disinformation: An Insider's View, Pergamon-Brassey's, pp. 49–50, ISBN 978-0-08-031572-0

[shultzgodson-3] Shultz (1984), Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy, Pergamon-Brassey's, pp. 37–38, ISBN 978-0-08-031573-7

[:5-4] Diaz Ruiz. Disinformation on digital media platforms: A market-shaping approach. pp. 1–24.

[5] Ireton, C; Posetti, J (2018). Journalism, fake news & disinformation: handbook for journalism education and training. UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-100281-6. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 7 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[golbeck-6] Golbeck, Jennifer, ed. (2008), Computing with Social Trust, Human-Computer Interaction Series, Springer, pp. 19–20, ISBN 978-1-84800-355-2

[7] Freelon, Deen; Wells, Chris (2020-03-03). "Disinformation as Political Communication" (in en). Political Communication 37 (2): 145–156. doi:10.1080/10584609.2020.1723755. ISSN 1058-4609. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10584609.2020.1723755. Retrieved 17 July 2023.

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