Plemiiha druiina Bruti in njena uloga u druibenem, uenhem in huburnem l;iuljenju beneikega Kopra ... more Plemiiha druiina Bruti in njena uloga u druibenem, uenhem in huburnem l;iuljenju beneikega Kopra PAOLO GRIO L'araldica fu lla famiglia B ruti PRIMOZ KRECIC Maini pkit koprskega monsinjorja ihofa Aryuitina grofa d.e Brutija ]URIJ BIZJAK Sino da ln e k o ns t i tu c ij e k op rs h ega i h ofa Au gulti n a B ru t ij a 'Saaae Constitutiones Justinopolitanae Dioecesis" Menetiig MDCCXXXWU) PETER STOT<N Knjiina d.ela hoprshega ikofa Agoxina grofa de Brutija tcr izlni gouor hoprskega literata Giuseppeja Bonzija (Benetke, 1748) Bibliografia o drui,ini Bruri Bi b liografia de lla famiglia Bruti t3 45 t07 115 119 137 175
In the north of the old centre of Maribor, between General Maister Square and the Town Park, stan... more In the north of the old centre of Maribor, between General Maister Square and the Town Park, stands the richly ornamented palace of Maribor Municipality (fig. 1). It was built between 1911 and 1913 for the Maribor District Board that had been until 1859 located in the palace of Financial Direction and the tax offices planned by Johann Girstmayer opposite the Railway Station. At the beginning of the 20th century, the need for a new District Board building became pressing. The Palace of Financial Direction became too small to house all of its clerks, and it was too far from the town centre. Since this was a public state building, the District Board of Maribor requested the plans from Graz, and the latter from the Ministry of Public Works in Vienna. The plans and pro-forma budget was confirmed on 15 April 1910; the head of the project was engineer Robert Neumann, and the building was erected by the Rudolf Kiffmann's building company from Maribor. The building permit for the new municipality palace was issued on 5 November 1910. The building was covered by a roof by the end of 1911, while the building of the new palace was concluded in spring 1913 (fig. 2). The offices of the town Municipality were not situated in the building for long, however. In 1918, the National Council of Styria and Styrian Frontier Commander's Office with Rudolf Maister's Headquarters were accommodated in the palace. After WWI, it was the seat of the Mayor's Office, which officially began work on 1 January 1924. After WWII, and since the abolition of district units in 1965, it has been the seat of Maribor Municipality. In art historical literature, the Graz architect and painter Hans Pruckner and his co-workers Karl Freymuth and Rudolf Kiffmann are most commonly mentioned as the authors of designs for the new palace of the District Board and Financial Direction. In the Styrian Provincial Archives in Graz, no archival support has been found so far to bolster the thesis that Pruckner made the plans, which was most probably based on the architect's watercolour drawing of the building dating from 1911, once kept by the Municipality (fig. 8). The surviving plans reveal only the signatures of two lesser known architects or engineers: Karl Freymuth from Vienna and Robert Neumann from Graz. From the original architectural designs of the new building of Maribor District Board, only an outline of the south façade, which faces the square, has survived in the private collection of Primož Premzl. It is signed by Freymuth (fig. 9), an employee of the Ministry of Public Works in Vienna. In addition to the original plan signed by Freymuth, comparison with his documented work, the School for Mining in Leoben, built between 1908 and 1910 (figs. 10, 11), also speaks in favour of his authorship. In his plan for Maribor Municipality palace, Freymuth followed the well-established typology of public palaces. As in the case of the palace in Maribor, the school building in Leoben was also planned by the Ministry of Public Works. While the construction was supervised by the employees of the provincial building offices, the building was realised by local companies. This classifies the Neo-Baroque palace of Maribor Municipality among other important state palaces, erected in the final sighs of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and marks the end of Historicism – a century-long era in the history of Maribor’s architecture.
The existence of this once magnificent building is nowadays evidenced only in older depictions of... more The existence of this once magnificent building is nowadays evidenced only in older depictions of Kočevje, old photographs and post-war monument protection documentation; hence, any archival document that can help to reconstruct the original appearance of the Auersperg manor is of vital importance for researchers. The archive of the Auersperg family, housed in the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarhiv in Vienna, contains several documents which prove to be very interesting as regards the building history of the family manor in Kočevje; they can help us to reconstruct more precisely than has been done before the history of its construction. Count Wolf Engelbert von Auersperg (1610–1673), provincial governor of Carniola, bought the seignory of Kočevje from Count Georg Barholomei von Zwickl-Khisl (†1656) in 1641. In gratitude for his long-time merits, Emperor Leopold I of Habsburg (1640–1705) presented Count Auersperg in 1667 with the city of Kočevje surrounded with a ramshackle wall. Wolf Engelbert began to repair the wall already in the following year (1668), when he concluded a contract with the stone-cutter Matej Potočnik of Ljubljana for the repair of the city gate (Appendix 1). There is no mention in the contract of the “Ambthauss in Stattl Gottshen”, the possession of the Auersperg family in the city. The building, which had housed the office and the apartment of the administrator of the seignory of Kočevje since the second half of the 14th century, was thoroughly renovated towards the end of the 16th century by the then owner Count Stefan Ursini von Blagaj. It is believed that after the fire of 1596 the manor, which was located close to the south-east city gate, was considerably modified. At stake might have been the south-east wing of the later manor, which was lower than the other three wings and was also completely isolated from them, as can be seen in the mid-19th century plans (Appendix 5). The “city castle”, leant against the south-west wall, supposedly occupied with its large walled courtyard the entire south corner of the city and thus marked out the size of the new manor. The building project on a large scale was undertaken by the new owner of Kočevje seignory, Prince Johann Weichard von Auersperg (1615–1677), a good year after his brother’s death on 28 April 1673. His decision to start the construction could have been political in nature: by fortifying the formerly Habsburg princely city he tried to find favour with Emperor Leopold I and secure the position of his family in Carniola. After the many years of a brilliant career at the Habsburg court – where, among other duties, he also performed an important diplomatic service, was the tutor of Crown Prince Ferdinand and became prime minister – he was exiled on 10 December 1669, due to intrigues with the French court, first to his estates in Silesia and then to Carniola, where he lived with his brother in Ljubljana and completely withdrew from public life. On 5 May 1674, secretary Johann Jacob Wiederkher von Widerspach (1631– after 1691) concluded a contract (written in Italian) on behalf of the Prince with the building master of the province Francesco Rosina (+1675) for the construction of “un nuovo Palazzo ò sij Castello nella Città di Gottscheuia” (Appendix 2). According to the first draft of the contract, Rosina even promised that the building would be finished in two years, i.e. before May 1676. The contract is the only known document that confirms Rosina not only as the supervisor of the construction works but also as the author of the plans. For a long time no other fact about him has been known except the fact that he finished the building of the Poor Clares convent in Ljubljana and conducted the construction of the Discalced friars’ monastery until his replacement in the position of the provincial architect of Carniola after his death in 1675 by the building master Marcello Ceresola. The earliest mention of Francesco Rosina known so far in Ljubljana sources reaches back to November 1652. The master, probably a native of Lombardy, is most often called in the documents a “Stokador” and less frequently a “lapicida” and “Baumeister”. He was a citizen of Ljubljana, and it can be understood from the documents that he was closely related to the circle of Ljubljana’s stone-cutters and was most likely a member of their guild. During his stay in Ljubljana two illegitimate children were born to him (cf. Appendix 6). In the 1670s he was entrusted with a thankless task to complete the projects that had been started in the mid-17th century by the building master of the province and stone-cutter Francesco Olivieri († 1655): the convent of the Poor Clares in Ljubljana (1653–1654), the Auersperg Palace (1654–1658), the Augustinian, now Franciscan, church (1655‒1660), the Jesuit grammar school (1655–1658), and the Discalced friars’ church of St. Joseph (1675). After the death of Abondio Donino jr. (1591–1652), Rosina may have taken over his building workshop which held a monopoly of the building industry in Ljubljana. Among Rosina’s independent projects are: the completion of the most impressive wing of the Ausersperg Princely Palace in Gosposka street in Ljubljana after 1660, where he probably collaborated with the stone-cutter Matej Potočnik for the first time; the chapel of Mother of Sorrows next to the Ljubljana cathedral of St. Nicholas (1664); St. Francis Xavier’s chapel in the Jesuit church in Ljubljana (1667–1668); plans for a Baroque conversion of Ljubljana Cathedral (1670), of which only the presbytery was actually built (1674–1675); and the princely palace in Kočevje (1674–1675). As a stuccoworker he is believed to have worked in the main hall of the Auersperg castle at Turjak (around 1660); in the chapel of St. Francis Xavier in the Jesuit church in Ljubljana (1669–1670); in Grm Castle near Novo mesto (1672); in Luknja Castle; and in the Gallenberg castle at Soteska (around 1672). Thus, prior to the construction of the palace for the Auersperg family in Kočevje, Rosina was engaged by the same clients to build Princely Palace and Auersperg Palace in Ljubljana. A comparison between the plans for the Kočevje manor and those for Princely Palace in Ljubljana shows that the former is a rough variation of the four-wing layout with an enclosed arcade courtyard of the latter. In both cases the arcades run along three three-storey wings, whereas the somewhat lower fourth wing has none. Around the year 1678 Justus van der Nypoort visited Kočevje and saw the yet unfinished building of which he made a sketch. It is not surprising that on the Ljubljana palace example, he added the remark “galerie” above the oldest, i.e. the north-west wing, because he was perhaps not quite sure whether a gallery, similar to the altana in Ljubljana was planned for the top of this older, one-storey-lower wing. It is clear that the building works in Kočevje were started soon after the conclusion of the contract with Rosina, a proof of which is the contract made with the Ljubljana stone-cutter Matej Potočnik (Appendix 3) for the columns of the arcades; however, because of the death of the client in 1677, the construction was probably soon interrupted (for the first time possibly already after 1675, due to Rosina’s supposed death). This might explain why the arcades on the courtyard side, as can be seen in older photographs, were constructed only on the ground floor and first floor of the manor. The building remained more or less unchanged until the last quarter of the 18th century; besides the residential rooms for the princely family and the administrator, there were also different offices, among others also court of justice. In 1773 the latter needed (Appendix 4) a new jail to meet the new provincial regulations. The administrator applied to the provincial building master Lovrenc Prager (c. 1720–1791 ) for the plans, which envisaged the jail on the ground floor of the manor projection next to the city gate. The content of the cost estimate, prepared in 1784 by “Frantz Brager, Laa[nd]sch[af]tlicher Baumeister” (Appendix 4a), is somewhat strange: part of the manor was meant to be rearranged into a workshop and flats for workers of the workshop, but in view of the fact that on the first and second floors wooden galleries or masonry, or wooden, corridors were planned it is likely that a conversion of the oldest, north-west wing was the issue. After 1790, and before 1826, the southern corner bastion of the manor was also pulled down together with the city wall, and the southern projection was built in its place. The last major building works in the manor were performed immediately before the mid-19th century; in 1845, head of the forest office J. Engelthaller sent a letter to Prince Carl Wilhelm von Auersperg (1814–1891) which contained plans for the completion of the manor in Kočevje (Appendix 5). The three wings with arcades were all rearranged into offices and clerks’ flats, on which occasion they were raised for another storey (attic) and “clothed” in new historicist façades. The manor was left in a more or less intact form until the beginning of the Second World War; it was probably on the introduction of automobiles in the 1930s that a safer passageway for pedestrians was arranged through the projection next to the narrow passage at the place of the former city gate. The building was badly damaged during the war and was declining in the post-war period in reverse order to its construction: the oldest, north-west wing of the manor persisted longest: judging from the post-war photographs, it was probably still possible to save it. Nowadays, the central city square is arranged on the site, with a monument to liberty.
Barok na Goriškem = Il barocco nel Goriziano , 2006
A Zemono (Semenhof) presso Vipacco, sulla sommiti di una bassa collina coltivtrta a vite. sta la ... more A Zemono (Semenhof) presso Vipacco, sulla sommiti di una bassa collina coltivtrta a vite. sta la villa (l,ustschlo6) llelvcdere, fatta erigcre attorno al l683 dal castcllano di Vipacco Antonio Lantieri (1631-93). L'edificio, circondato da un parco. era parte tlella Signoria di \ripacco ed era destinato alla vita sociale, sopratutto ai banchetti. ma fungeva anchc da cantina per il vino (le cantinc sono ricavatc sotto l'edificio stcsso).
Tartini "maestro" narodov in kulturno življenje v obalnih mestih današnje Slovenije med 16. in 18. stoletjem. Tartini "maestro delle nazioni" e la vita culturale delle cittadine del Litorale tra i secoli XVI e XVIII , 2002
Plemiiha druiina Bruti in njena uloga u druibenem, uenhem in huburnem l;iuljenju beneikega Kopra ... more Plemiiha druiina Bruti in njena uloga u druibenem, uenhem in huburnem l;iuljenju beneikega Kopra PAOLO GRIO L'araldica fu lla famiglia B ruti PRIMOZ KRECIC Maini pkit koprskega monsinjorja ihofa Aryuitina grofa d.e Brutija ]URIJ BIZJAK Sino da ln e k o ns t i tu c ij e k op rs h ega i h ofa Au gulti n a B ru t ij a 'Saaae Constitutiones Justinopolitanae Dioecesis" Menetiig MDCCXXXWU) PETER STOT<N Knjiina d.ela hoprshega ikofa Agoxina grofa de Brutija tcr izlni gouor hoprskega literata Giuseppeja Bonzija (Benetke, 1748) Bibliografia o drui,ini Bruri Bi b liografia de lla famiglia Bruti t3 45 t07 115 119 137 175
In the north of the old centre of Maribor, between General Maister Square and the Town Park, stan... more In the north of the old centre of Maribor, between General Maister Square and the Town Park, stands the richly ornamented palace of Maribor Municipality (fig. 1). It was built between 1911 and 1913 for the Maribor District Board that had been until 1859 located in the palace of Financial Direction and the tax offices planned by Johann Girstmayer opposite the Railway Station. At the beginning of the 20th century, the need for a new District Board building became pressing. The Palace of Financial Direction became too small to house all of its clerks, and it was too far from the town centre. Since this was a public state building, the District Board of Maribor requested the plans from Graz, and the latter from the Ministry of Public Works in Vienna. The plans and pro-forma budget was confirmed on 15 April 1910; the head of the project was engineer Robert Neumann, and the building was erected by the Rudolf Kiffmann's building company from Maribor. The building permit for the new municipality palace was issued on 5 November 1910. The building was covered by a roof by the end of 1911, while the building of the new palace was concluded in spring 1913 (fig. 2). The offices of the town Municipality were not situated in the building for long, however. In 1918, the National Council of Styria and Styrian Frontier Commander's Office with Rudolf Maister's Headquarters were accommodated in the palace. After WWI, it was the seat of the Mayor's Office, which officially began work on 1 January 1924. After WWII, and since the abolition of district units in 1965, it has been the seat of Maribor Municipality. In art historical literature, the Graz architect and painter Hans Pruckner and his co-workers Karl Freymuth and Rudolf Kiffmann are most commonly mentioned as the authors of designs for the new palace of the District Board and Financial Direction. In the Styrian Provincial Archives in Graz, no archival support has been found so far to bolster the thesis that Pruckner made the plans, which was most probably based on the architect's watercolour drawing of the building dating from 1911, once kept by the Municipality (fig. 8). The surviving plans reveal only the signatures of two lesser known architects or engineers: Karl Freymuth from Vienna and Robert Neumann from Graz. From the original architectural designs of the new building of Maribor District Board, only an outline of the south façade, which faces the square, has survived in the private collection of Primož Premzl. It is signed by Freymuth (fig. 9), an employee of the Ministry of Public Works in Vienna. In addition to the original plan signed by Freymuth, comparison with his documented work, the School for Mining in Leoben, built between 1908 and 1910 (figs. 10, 11), also speaks in favour of his authorship. In his plan for Maribor Municipality palace, Freymuth followed the well-established typology of public palaces. As in the case of the palace in Maribor, the school building in Leoben was also planned by the Ministry of Public Works. While the construction was supervised by the employees of the provincial building offices, the building was realised by local companies. This classifies the Neo-Baroque palace of Maribor Municipality among other important state palaces, erected in the final sighs of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and marks the end of Historicism – a century-long era in the history of Maribor’s architecture.
The existence of this once magnificent building is nowadays evidenced only in older depictions of... more The existence of this once magnificent building is nowadays evidenced only in older depictions of Kočevje, old photographs and post-war monument protection documentation; hence, any archival document that can help to reconstruct the original appearance of the Auersperg manor is of vital importance for researchers. The archive of the Auersperg family, housed in the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarhiv in Vienna, contains several documents which prove to be very interesting as regards the building history of the family manor in Kočevje; they can help us to reconstruct more precisely than has been done before the history of its construction. Count Wolf Engelbert von Auersperg (1610–1673), provincial governor of Carniola, bought the seignory of Kočevje from Count Georg Barholomei von Zwickl-Khisl (†1656) in 1641. In gratitude for his long-time merits, Emperor Leopold I of Habsburg (1640–1705) presented Count Auersperg in 1667 with the city of Kočevje surrounded with a ramshackle wall. Wolf Engelbert began to repair the wall already in the following year (1668), when he concluded a contract with the stone-cutter Matej Potočnik of Ljubljana for the repair of the city gate (Appendix 1). There is no mention in the contract of the “Ambthauss in Stattl Gottshen”, the possession of the Auersperg family in the city. The building, which had housed the office and the apartment of the administrator of the seignory of Kočevje since the second half of the 14th century, was thoroughly renovated towards the end of the 16th century by the then owner Count Stefan Ursini von Blagaj. It is believed that after the fire of 1596 the manor, which was located close to the south-east city gate, was considerably modified. At stake might have been the south-east wing of the later manor, which was lower than the other three wings and was also completely isolated from them, as can be seen in the mid-19th century plans (Appendix 5). The “city castle”, leant against the south-west wall, supposedly occupied with its large walled courtyard the entire south corner of the city and thus marked out the size of the new manor. The building project on a large scale was undertaken by the new owner of Kočevje seignory, Prince Johann Weichard von Auersperg (1615–1677), a good year after his brother’s death on 28 April 1673. His decision to start the construction could have been political in nature: by fortifying the formerly Habsburg princely city he tried to find favour with Emperor Leopold I and secure the position of his family in Carniola. After the many years of a brilliant career at the Habsburg court – where, among other duties, he also performed an important diplomatic service, was the tutor of Crown Prince Ferdinand and became prime minister – he was exiled on 10 December 1669, due to intrigues with the French court, first to his estates in Silesia and then to Carniola, where he lived with his brother in Ljubljana and completely withdrew from public life. On 5 May 1674, secretary Johann Jacob Wiederkher von Widerspach (1631– after 1691) concluded a contract (written in Italian) on behalf of the Prince with the building master of the province Francesco Rosina (+1675) for the construction of “un nuovo Palazzo ò sij Castello nella Città di Gottscheuia” (Appendix 2). According to the first draft of the contract, Rosina even promised that the building would be finished in two years, i.e. before May 1676. The contract is the only known document that confirms Rosina not only as the supervisor of the construction works but also as the author of the plans. For a long time no other fact about him has been known except the fact that he finished the building of the Poor Clares convent in Ljubljana and conducted the construction of the Discalced friars’ monastery until his replacement in the position of the provincial architect of Carniola after his death in 1675 by the building master Marcello Ceresola. The earliest mention of Francesco Rosina known so far in Ljubljana sources reaches back to November 1652. The master, probably a native of Lombardy, is most often called in the documents a “Stokador” and less frequently a “lapicida” and “Baumeister”. He was a citizen of Ljubljana, and it can be understood from the documents that he was closely related to the circle of Ljubljana’s stone-cutters and was most likely a member of their guild. During his stay in Ljubljana two illegitimate children were born to him (cf. Appendix 6). In the 1670s he was entrusted with a thankless task to complete the projects that had been started in the mid-17th century by the building master of the province and stone-cutter Francesco Olivieri († 1655): the convent of the Poor Clares in Ljubljana (1653–1654), the Auersperg Palace (1654–1658), the Augustinian, now Franciscan, church (1655‒1660), the Jesuit grammar school (1655–1658), and the Discalced friars’ church of St. Joseph (1675). After the death of Abondio Donino jr. (1591–1652), Rosina may have taken over his building workshop which held a monopoly of the building industry in Ljubljana. Among Rosina’s independent projects are: the completion of the most impressive wing of the Ausersperg Princely Palace in Gosposka street in Ljubljana after 1660, where he probably collaborated with the stone-cutter Matej Potočnik for the first time; the chapel of Mother of Sorrows next to the Ljubljana cathedral of St. Nicholas (1664); St. Francis Xavier’s chapel in the Jesuit church in Ljubljana (1667–1668); plans for a Baroque conversion of Ljubljana Cathedral (1670), of which only the presbytery was actually built (1674–1675); and the princely palace in Kočevje (1674–1675). As a stuccoworker he is believed to have worked in the main hall of the Auersperg castle at Turjak (around 1660); in the chapel of St. Francis Xavier in the Jesuit church in Ljubljana (1669–1670); in Grm Castle near Novo mesto (1672); in Luknja Castle; and in the Gallenberg castle at Soteska (around 1672). Thus, prior to the construction of the palace for the Auersperg family in Kočevje, Rosina was engaged by the same clients to build Princely Palace and Auersperg Palace in Ljubljana. A comparison between the plans for the Kočevje manor and those for Princely Palace in Ljubljana shows that the former is a rough variation of the four-wing layout with an enclosed arcade courtyard of the latter. In both cases the arcades run along three three-storey wings, whereas the somewhat lower fourth wing has none. Around the year 1678 Justus van der Nypoort visited Kočevje and saw the yet unfinished building of which he made a sketch. It is not surprising that on the Ljubljana palace example, he added the remark “galerie” above the oldest, i.e. the north-west wing, because he was perhaps not quite sure whether a gallery, similar to the altana in Ljubljana was planned for the top of this older, one-storey-lower wing. It is clear that the building works in Kočevje were started soon after the conclusion of the contract with Rosina, a proof of which is the contract made with the Ljubljana stone-cutter Matej Potočnik (Appendix 3) for the columns of the arcades; however, because of the death of the client in 1677, the construction was probably soon interrupted (for the first time possibly already after 1675, due to Rosina’s supposed death). This might explain why the arcades on the courtyard side, as can be seen in older photographs, were constructed only on the ground floor and first floor of the manor. The building remained more or less unchanged until the last quarter of the 18th century; besides the residential rooms for the princely family and the administrator, there were also different offices, among others also court of justice. In 1773 the latter needed (Appendix 4) a new jail to meet the new provincial regulations. The administrator applied to the provincial building master Lovrenc Prager (c. 1720–1791 ) for the plans, which envisaged the jail on the ground floor of the manor projection next to the city gate. The content of the cost estimate, prepared in 1784 by “Frantz Brager, Laa[nd]sch[af]tlicher Baumeister” (Appendix 4a), is somewhat strange: part of the manor was meant to be rearranged into a workshop and flats for workers of the workshop, but in view of the fact that on the first and second floors wooden galleries or masonry, or wooden, corridors were planned it is likely that a conversion of the oldest, north-west wing was the issue. After 1790, and before 1826, the southern corner bastion of the manor was also pulled down together with the city wall, and the southern projection was built in its place. The last major building works in the manor were performed immediately before the mid-19th century; in 1845, head of the forest office J. Engelthaller sent a letter to Prince Carl Wilhelm von Auersperg (1814–1891) which contained plans for the completion of the manor in Kočevje (Appendix 5). The three wings with arcades were all rearranged into offices and clerks’ flats, on which occasion they were raised for another storey (attic) and “clothed” in new historicist façades. The manor was left in a more or less intact form until the beginning of the Second World War; it was probably on the introduction of automobiles in the 1930s that a safer passageway for pedestrians was arranged through the projection next to the narrow passage at the place of the former city gate. The building was badly damaged during the war and was declining in the post-war period in reverse order to its construction: the oldest, north-west wing of the manor persisted longest: judging from the post-war photographs, it was probably still possible to save it. Nowadays, the central city square is arranged on the site, with a monument to liberty.
Barok na Goriškem = Il barocco nel Goriziano , 2006
A Zemono (Semenhof) presso Vipacco, sulla sommiti di una bassa collina coltivtrta a vite. sta la ... more A Zemono (Semenhof) presso Vipacco, sulla sommiti di una bassa collina coltivtrta a vite. sta la villa (l,ustschlo6) llelvcdere, fatta erigcre attorno al l683 dal castcllano di Vipacco Antonio Lantieri (1631-93). L'edificio, circondato da un parco. era parte tlella Signoria di \ripacco ed era destinato alla vita sociale, sopratutto ai banchetti. ma fungeva anchc da cantina per il vino (le cantinc sono ricavatc sotto l'edificio stcsso).
Tartini "maestro" narodov in kulturno življenje v obalnih mestih današnje Slovenije med 16. in 18. stoletjem. Tartini "maestro delle nazioni" e la vita culturale delle cittadine del Litorale tra i secoli XVI e XVIII , 2002
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Papers by Helena Seražin
Count Wolf Engelbert von Auersperg (1610–1673), provincial governor of Carniola, bought the seignory of Kočevje from Count Georg Barholomei von Zwickl-Khisl (†1656) in 1641. In gratitude for his long-time merits, Emperor Leopold I of Habsburg (1640–1705) presented Count Auersperg in 1667 with the city of Kočevje surrounded with a ramshackle wall. Wolf Engelbert began to repair the wall already in the following year (1668), when he concluded a contract with the stone-cutter Matej Potočnik of Ljubljana for the repair of the city gate (Appendix 1). There is no mention in the contract of the “Ambthauss in Stattl Gottshen”, the possession of the Auersperg family in the city. The building, which had housed the office and the apartment of the administrator of the seignory of Kočevje since the second half of the 14th century, was thoroughly renovated towards the end of the 16th century by the then owner Count Stefan Ursini von Blagaj. It is believed that after the fire of 1596 the manor, which was located close to the south-east city gate, was considerably modified. At stake might have been the south-east wing of the later manor, which was lower than the other three wings and was also completely isolated from them, as can be seen in the mid-19th century plans (Appendix 5). The “city castle”, leant against the south-west wall, supposedly occupied with its large walled courtyard the entire south corner of the city and thus marked out the size of the new manor.
The building project on a large scale was undertaken by the new owner of Kočevje seignory, Prince Johann Weichard von Auersperg (1615–1677), a good year after his brother’s death on 28 April 1673. His decision to start the construction could have been political in nature: by fortifying the formerly Habsburg princely city he tried to find favour with Emperor Leopold I and secure the position of his family in Carniola. After the many years of a brilliant career at the Habsburg court – where, among other duties, he also performed an important diplomatic service, was the tutor of Crown Prince Ferdinand and became prime minister – he was exiled on 10 December 1669, due to intrigues with the French court, first to his estates in Silesia and then to Carniola, where he lived with his brother in Ljubljana and completely withdrew from public life. On 5 May 1674, secretary Johann Jacob Wiederkher von Widerspach (1631– after 1691) concluded a contract (written in Italian) on behalf of the Prince with the building master of the province Francesco Rosina (+1675) for the construction of “un nuovo Palazzo ò sij Castello nella Città di Gottscheuia” (Appendix 2). According to the first draft of the contract, Rosina even promised that the building would be finished in two years, i.e. before May 1676.
The contract is the only known document that confirms Rosina not only as the supervisor of the construction works but also as the author of the plans. For a long time no other fact about him has been known except the fact that he finished the building of the Poor Clares convent in Ljubljana and conducted the construction of the Discalced friars’ monastery until his replacement in the position of the provincial architect of Carniola after his death in 1675 by the building master Marcello Ceresola. The earliest mention of Francesco Rosina known so far in Ljubljana sources reaches back to November 1652. The master, probably a native of Lombardy, is most often called in the documents a “Stokador” and less frequently a “lapicida” and “Baumeister”. He was a citizen of Ljubljana, and it can be understood from the documents that he was closely related to the circle of Ljubljana’s stone-cutters and was most likely a member of their guild. During his stay in Ljubljana two illegitimate children were born to him (cf. Appendix 6). In the 1670s he was entrusted with a thankless task to complete the projects that had been started in the mid-17th century by the building master of the province and stone-cutter Francesco Olivieri († 1655): the convent of the Poor Clares in Ljubljana (1653–1654), the Auersperg Palace (1654–1658), the Augustinian, now Franciscan, church (1655‒1660), the Jesuit grammar school (1655–1658), and the Discalced friars’ church of St. Joseph (1675). After the death of Abondio Donino jr. (1591–1652), Rosina may have taken over his building workshop which held a monopoly of the building industry in Ljubljana. Among Rosina’s independent projects are: the completion of the most impressive wing of the Ausersperg Princely Palace in Gosposka street in Ljubljana after 1660, where he probably collaborated with the stone-cutter Matej Potočnik for the first time; the chapel of Mother of Sorrows next to the Ljubljana cathedral of St. Nicholas (1664); St. Francis Xavier’s chapel in the Jesuit church in Ljubljana (1667–1668); plans for a Baroque conversion of Ljubljana Cathedral (1670), of which only the presbytery was actually built (1674–1675); and the princely palace in Kočevje (1674–1675). As a stuccoworker he is believed to have worked in the main hall of the Auersperg castle at Turjak (around 1660); in the chapel of St. Francis Xavier in the Jesuit church in Ljubljana (1669–1670); in Grm Castle near Novo mesto (1672); in Luknja Castle; and in the Gallenberg castle at Soteska (around 1672).
Thus, prior to the construction of the palace for the Auersperg family in Kočevje, Rosina was engaged by the same clients to build Princely Palace and Auersperg Palace in Ljubljana. A comparison between the plans for the Kočevje manor and those for Princely Palace in Ljubljana shows that the former is a rough variation of the four-wing layout with an enclosed arcade courtyard of the latter. In both cases the arcades run along three three-storey wings, whereas the somewhat lower fourth wing has none. Around the year 1678 Justus van der Nypoort visited Kočevje and saw the yet unfinished building of which he made a sketch. It is not surprising that on the Ljubljana palace example, he added the remark “galerie” above the oldest, i.e. the north-west wing, because he was perhaps not quite sure whether a gallery, similar to the altana in Ljubljana was planned for the top of this older, one-storey-lower wing. It is clear that the building works in Kočevje were started soon after the conclusion of the contract with Rosina, a proof of which is the contract made with the Ljubljana stone-cutter Matej Potočnik (Appendix 3) for the columns of the arcades; however, because of the death of the client in 1677, the construction was probably soon interrupted (for the first time possibly already after 1675, due to Rosina’s supposed death). This might explain why the arcades on the courtyard side, as can be seen in older photographs, were constructed only on the ground floor and first floor of the manor.
The building remained more or less unchanged until the last quarter of the 18th century; besides the residential rooms for the princely family and the administrator, there were also different offices, among others also court of justice. In 1773 the latter needed (Appendix 4) a new jail to meet the new provincial regulations. The administrator applied to the provincial building master Lovrenc Prager (c. 1720–1791 ) for the plans, which envisaged the jail on the ground floor of the manor projection next to the city gate.
The content of the cost estimate, prepared in 1784 by “Frantz Brager, Laa[nd]sch[af]tlicher Baumeister” (Appendix 4a), is somewhat strange: part of the manor was meant to be rearranged into a workshop and flats for workers of the workshop, but in view of the fact that on the first and second floors wooden galleries or masonry, or wooden, corridors were planned it is likely that a conversion of the oldest, north-west wing was the issue. After 1790, and before 1826, the southern corner bastion of the manor was also pulled down together with the city wall, and the southern projection was built in its place.
The last major building works in the manor were performed immediately before the mid-19th century; in 1845, head of the forest office J. Engelthaller sent a letter to Prince Carl Wilhelm von Auersperg (1814–1891) which contained plans for the completion of the manor in Kočevje (Appendix 5). The three wings with arcades were all rearranged into offices and clerks’ flats, on which occasion they were raised for another storey (attic) and “clothed” in new historicist façades.
The manor was left in a more or less intact form until the beginning of the Second World War; it was probably on the introduction of automobiles in the 1930s that a safer passageway for pedestrians was arranged through the projection next to the narrow passage at the place of the former city gate. The building was badly damaged during the war and was declining in the post-war period in reverse order to its construction: the oldest, north-west wing of the manor persisted longest: judging from the post-war photographs, it was probably still possible to save it. Nowadays, the central city square is arranged on the site, with a monument to liberty.
Count Wolf Engelbert von Auersperg (1610–1673), provincial governor of Carniola, bought the seignory of Kočevje from Count Georg Barholomei von Zwickl-Khisl (†1656) in 1641. In gratitude for his long-time merits, Emperor Leopold I of Habsburg (1640–1705) presented Count Auersperg in 1667 with the city of Kočevje surrounded with a ramshackle wall. Wolf Engelbert began to repair the wall already in the following year (1668), when he concluded a contract with the stone-cutter Matej Potočnik of Ljubljana for the repair of the city gate (Appendix 1). There is no mention in the contract of the “Ambthauss in Stattl Gottshen”, the possession of the Auersperg family in the city. The building, which had housed the office and the apartment of the administrator of the seignory of Kočevje since the second half of the 14th century, was thoroughly renovated towards the end of the 16th century by the then owner Count Stefan Ursini von Blagaj. It is believed that after the fire of 1596 the manor, which was located close to the south-east city gate, was considerably modified. At stake might have been the south-east wing of the later manor, which was lower than the other three wings and was also completely isolated from them, as can be seen in the mid-19th century plans (Appendix 5). The “city castle”, leant against the south-west wall, supposedly occupied with its large walled courtyard the entire south corner of the city and thus marked out the size of the new manor.
The building project on a large scale was undertaken by the new owner of Kočevje seignory, Prince Johann Weichard von Auersperg (1615–1677), a good year after his brother’s death on 28 April 1673. His decision to start the construction could have been political in nature: by fortifying the formerly Habsburg princely city he tried to find favour with Emperor Leopold I and secure the position of his family in Carniola. After the many years of a brilliant career at the Habsburg court – where, among other duties, he also performed an important diplomatic service, was the tutor of Crown Prince Ferdinand and became prime minister – he was exiled on 10 December 1669, due to intrigues with the French court, first to his estates in Silesia and then to Carniola, where he lived with his brother in Ljubljana and completely withdrew from public life. On 5 May 1674, secretary Johann Jacob Wiederkher von Widerspach (1631– after 1691) concluded a contract (written in Italian) on behalf of the Prince with the building master of the province Francesco Rosina (+1675) for the construction of “un nuovo Palazzo ò sij Castello nella Città di Gottscheuia” (Appendix 2). According to the first draft of the contract, Rosina even promised that the building would be finished in two years, i.e. before May 1676.
The contract is the only known document that confirms Rosina not only as the supervisor of the construction works but also as the author of the plans. For a long time no other fact about him has been known except the fact that he finished the building of the Poor Clares convent in Ljubljana and conducted the construction of the Discalced friars’ monastery until his replacement in the position of the provincial architect of Carniola after his death in 1675 by the building master Marcello Ceresola. The earliest mention of Francesco Rosina known so far in Ljubljana sources reaches back to November 1652. The master, probably a native of Lombardy, is most often called in the documents a “Stokador” and less frequently a “lapicida” and “Baumeister”. He was a citizen of Ljubljana, and it can be understood from the documents that he was closely related to the circle of Ljubljana’s stone-cutters and was most likely a member of their guild. During his stay in Ljubljana two illegitimate children were born to him (cf. Appendix 6). In the 1670s he was entrusted with a thankless task to complete the projects that had been started in the mid-17th century by the building master of the province and stone-cutter Francesco Olivieri († 1655): the convent of the Poor Clares in Ljubljana (1653–1654), the Auersperg Palace (1654–1658), the Augustinian, now Franciscan, church (1655‒1660), the Jesuit grammar school (1655–1658), and the Discalced friars’ church of St. Joseph (1675). After the death of Abondio Donino jr. (1591–1652), Rosina may have taken over his building workshop which held a monopoly of the building industry in Ljubljana. Among Rosina’s independent projects are: the completion of the most impressive wing of the Ausersperg Princely Palace in Gosposka street in Ljubljana after 1660, where he probably collaborated with the stone-cutter Matej Potočnik for the first time; the chapel of Mother of Sorrows next to the Ljubljana cathedral of St. Nicholas (1664); St. Francis Xavier’s chapel in the Jesuit church in Ljubljana (1667–1668); plans for a Baroque conversion of Ljubljana Cathedral (1670), of which only the presbytery was actually built (1674–1675); and the princely palace in Kočevje (1674–1675). As a stuccoworker he is believed to have worked in the main hall of the Auersperg castle at Turjak (around 1660); in the chapel of St. Francis Xavier in the Jesuit church in Ljubljana (1669–1670); in Grm Castle near Novo mesto (1672); in Luknja Castle; and in the Gallenberg castle at Soteska (around 1672).
Thus, prior to the construction of the palace for the Auersperg family in Kočevje, Rosina was engaged by the same clients to build Princely Palace and Auersperg Palace in Ljubljana. A comparison between the plans for the Kočevje manor and those for Princely Palace in Ljubljana shows that the former is a rough variation of the four-wing layout with an enclosed arcade courtyard of the latter. In both cases the arcades run along three three-storey wings, whereas the somewhat lower fourth wing has none. Around the year 1678 Justus van der Nypoort visited Kočevje and saw the yet unfinished building of which he made a sketch. It is not surprising that on the Ljubljana palace example, he added the remark “galerie” above the oldest, i.e. the north-west wing, because he was perhaps not quite sure whether a gallery, similar to the altana in Ljubljana was planned for the top of this older, one-storey-lower wing. It is clear that the building works in Kočevje were started soon after the conclusion of the contract with Rosina, a proof of which is the contract made with the Ljubljana stone-cutter Matej Potočnik (Appendix 3) for the columns of the arcades; however, because of the death of the client in 1677, the construction was probably soon interrupted (for the first time possibly already after 1675, due to Rosina’s supposed death). This might explain why the arcades on the courtyard side, as can be seen in older photographs, were constructed only on the ground floor and first floor of the manor.
The building remained more or less unchanged until the last quarter of the 18th century; besides the residential rooms for the princely family and the administrator, there were also different offices, among others also court of justice. In 1773 the latter needed (Appendix 4) a new jail to meet the new provincial regulations. The administrator applied to the provincial building master Lovrenc Prager (c. 1720–1791 ) for the plans, which envisaged the jail on the ground floor of the manor projection next to the city gate.
The content of the cost estimate, prepared in 1784 by “Frantz Brager, Laa[nd]sch[af]tlicher Baumeister” (Appendix 4a), is somewhat strange: part of the manor was meant to be rearranged into a workshop and flats for workers of the workshop, but in view of the fact that on the first and second floors wooden galleries or masonry, or wooden, corridors were planned it is likely that a conversion of the oldest, north-west wing was the issue. After 1790, and before 1826, the southern corner bastion of the manor was also pulled down together with the city wall, and the southern projection was built in its place.
The last major building works in the manor were performed immediately before the mid-19th century; in 1845, head of the forest office J. Engelthaller sent a letter to Prince Carl Wilhelm von Auersperg (1814–1891) which contained plans for the completion of the manor in Kočevje (Appendix 5). The three wings with arcades were all rearranged into offices and clerks’ flats, on which occasion they were raised for another storey (attic) and “clothed” in new historicist façades.
The manor was left in a more or less intact form until the beginning of the Second World War; it was probably on the introduction of automobiles in the 1930s that a safer passageway for pedestrians was arranged through the projection next to the narrow passage at the place of the former city gate. The building was badly damaged during the war and was declining in the post-war period in reverse order to its construction: the oldest, north-west wing of the manor persisted longest: judging from the post-war photographs, it was probably still possible to save it. Nowadays, the central city square is arranged on the site, with a monument to liberty.