\/boot<\/code> partition is too small to include a new initrd file. A Linux kernel installation from soruce code fails as below.<\/p>\nmake -j`nproc`\nsudo make modules_install\nsudo make install <-- it fails.\n<\/code><\/pre>Error messages are like below.<\/p>\n
$ sudo make install\nsh .\/arch\/x86\/boot\/install.sh 5.3.11 arch\/x86\/boot\/bzImage \\\n System.map "\/boot"\nrun-parts: executing \/etc\/kernel\/postinst.d\/apt-auto-removal 5.3.11 \/boot\/vmlinuz-5.3.11\nrun-parts: executing \/etc\/kernel\/postinst.d\/initramfs-tools 5.3.11 \/boot\/vmlinuz-5.3.11\nupdate-initramfs: Generating \/boot\/initrd.img-5.3.11\nW: Possible missing firmware \/lib\/firmware\/ast_dp501_fw.bin for module ast\n\ngzip: stdout: No space left on device\nE: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1\nupdate-initramfs: failed for \/boot\/initrd.img-5.3.11 with 1.\nrun-parts: \/etc\/kernel\/postinst.d\/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1\narch\/x86\/boot\/Makefile:155: recipe for target 'install' failed\nmake[1]: *** [install] Error 1\narch\/x86\/Makefile:293: recipe for target 'install' failed\nmake: *** [install] Error 2\n<\/code><\/pre>Solution<\/h1>\n
In Ubuntu 18.04, when kernel installation (make install<\/code>) is failed.<\/p>"},{"title":"Debugging linux kernel with GDB and Qemu","link":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Debugging-linux-kernel-with-GDB-and-Qemu\/","pubDate":"Mon, 03 Dec 2018 20:40:14 +0900","guid":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Debugging-linux-kernel-with-GDB-and-Qemu\/","description":"Intro.<\/h1>\n
In this page I’ll briefly introduce how to setup the environment for debugging a linux kernel with GDB and Qemu. The linux kernel runs on Qemu being virtualized.<\/p>\n
Process<\/h1>\n\n- Build the linux kernel that you want to debug.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\n- Check the configuration. Set
CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y<\/code> if not configured.<\/li>\n- You can build the kernel as deb or rpm to install on remote servers. Use commands:
make bindep-pkg -j4<\/code>, make rpm-pkg -j4<\/code>. (In the case of deb, package alien<\/code> is required. Install it with apt<\/code>.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n- Install qemu. Refer to the official site<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\n- Configure example:
.\/configure --target-list=x86_64-softmmu --enable-debug<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n- Install VM. (In this example, I installed ubuntu 16.04.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\n- Download ubuntu iso file.<\/li>\n
- Create qemu img named as ’test.qcow2’:
.\/qemu-img create -f qcow2 test.qcow2 16G<\/code><\/li>\n- Boot VM with ubuntu iso image:
x86_64-softmmu\/qemu-system-x86_64 -m 2048 -enable-kvm -drive if=virtio,file=test.qcow2,cache=none -cdrom ubuntu-16.04.5.iso<\/code><\/li>\n- You can use
-vnc :1<\/code> option when accessing remotly through ssh.<\/li>\n- After installation, start VM without the
--cdrom ~~.iso<\/code> option.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n- Replace the default kernel of VM with the version you built.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\n- Copy deb files to the VM and
sudo dpkg -i *.deb<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n- Add kernel parameter
nokaslr<\/code>. It is required to make breakpoint work correctly.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n- Append
nokaslr<\/code> to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT<\/code> in \/etc\/default\/grub<\/code>.<\/li>\n- Execute
update-grub<\/code><\/li>\n- Restart the VM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n- Make symbol file from
vmlinux<\/code> kernel image. vmlinux<\/code> file is located in the kernel source directory (generated after compilation).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nobjcopy --only-keep-debug vmlinux kernel.sym\n<\/code><\/pre>\n- Run the qemu with the following options.
-S<\/code> stops qemu waiting gdb and -s<\/code> makes gdb be able to attach through localhost:1234<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n# Example for qemu execution.\n.\/x86_64-softmmu\/qemu-system-x86_64 -s -S \\\n -m 2048 \\\n -chardev stdio,id=gdb0 \\\n -drive if=virtio,file=nfstest.qcow2,cache=none \\\n -device isa-debugcon,iobase=0x402,chardev=gdb0,id=d1 \\\n -vga virtio \\\n -enable-kvm \\\n -vnc :1\n<\/code><\/pre>The qemu stops waiting for the debugger to be attached.<\/p>"},{"title":"Mellanox Driver Installation","link":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Mellanox-Driver-Installation\/","pubDate":"Fri, 09 Nov 2018 15:08:31 +0900","guid":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Mellanox-Driver-Installation\/","description":"
Please refer to the link<\/a> that describes how to install Mellanox driver on Ubuntu.<\/p>"},{"title":"Display setting with i3wm","link":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Display-setting-with-i3wm\/","pubDate":"Wed, 03 Oct 2018 17:19:21 +0900","guid":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Display-setting-with-i3wm\/","description":"Problem<\/h1>\n
I’m using two monitors, and one of them is pivoted. The default display setting manager of Manjaro<\/code> has an option for rotating view, but it was not applied when using i3wm<\/code>.<\/p>\nSolution<\/h1>\n
xrands<\/code> was used. In a terminal, you can get the information of currently connected monitors with xrands<\/code> without any options. (The following example shows the monitor status after applying settings.)<\/p>\n$ xrands\nScreen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 5040 x 2620, maximum 16384 x 16384\nDisplayPort-0 connected primary 3840x2160+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 941mm x 529mm\n 3840x2160 60.00*+ 29.98 24.00 \n 2560x1440 59.95 \n 2048x1080 59.99 \n 1920x1080 60.00 60.00 50.00 59.94 \n 1920x1080i 60.00 50.00 59.94 \n 1680x1050 59.95 \n 1280x1024 75.02 60.02 \n 1440x900 74.98 59.89 \n 1280x960 60.00 \n 1280x720 60.00 59.94 \n 1024x768 75.03 60.00 \n 800x600 75.00 60.32 \n 720x576 50.00 \n 720x576i 50.00 \n 720x480 60.00 59.94 \n 720x480i 60.00 59.94 \n 640x480 75.00 72.81 66.67 60.00 59.94 \n 720x400 70.08 \nHDMI-A-2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)\nDVI-D-0 connected 1200x1920+3840+700 left (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 518mm x 324mm\n 1920x1200 59.95*+\n 1920x1080 60.00 \n 1600x1200 60.00 \n 1680x1050 59.88 \n 1280x1024 60.02 \n 1280x960 60.00 \n 1024x768 60.00 \n 800x600 60.32 \n 640x480 59.94 \n 720x400 70.08 \nHDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)\nHDMI2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)\nVGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)\nVIRTUAL1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)\n<\/code><\/pre>You can change the display settings with options. I wanted to rotate the second monitor left and modify its vertical position to be matched with the primary monitor.<\/p>"},{"title":"Which applications am I using in Linux","link":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Which-applications-am-I-using-in-Linux\/","pubDate":"Tue, 02 Oct 2018 23:23:18 +0900","guid":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Which-applications-am-I-using-in-Linux\/","description":"
Here are the lists of applications that I prefer.<\/p>\n
Common<\/h1>\n\n- git commit log visualization:
tig<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nManjaro<\/h1>\n\n- screenshot(screen capture):
flameshot<\/code>, gnome-screenshot<\/code><\/li>\n- tiling window manager:
i3wm<\/code><\/li>\n- pdf-viewer:\n
\nzathura<\/code> with mupdf<\/code> plugin (vim-like shortcuts)<\/li>\nevince<\/code> (zathura<\/code> is convenient but insufficient sometimes.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- academic paper management:
mendeley<\/code> (easy to share, multi-platform)<\/li>\n- launcher:
Rofi<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThe list will be updated continually.<\/p>"},{"title":"HiDPI configuration of i3-wm in ManjaroLinux","link":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/HiDPI-configuration-of-i3-wm-in-ManjaroLinux\/","pubDate":"Mon, 20 Aug 2018 12:20:49 +0900","guid":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/HiDPI-configuration-of-i3-wm-in-ManjaroLinux\/","description":"
Intro.<\/h1>\n
I installed i3<\/code> tiling window manager on ManjaroLinux<\/code> (xfce<\/code> edition). It was required to configure HiDPI manually.
\nFYI, if you are going to install ManjaroLinux<\/code> from scratch, you can install Manjaro-i3<\/code> edition.<\/em><\/p>\nEnvironment<\/h1>\n\nManjaroLinux 17<\/code> (xfce<\/code> was used previously)<\/li>\ni3 4.15<\/code> (a.k.a. i3-wm<\/code>)<\/li>\n- 4k single monitor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Problem<\/h1>\n
To configure HiDPI (scaling) correctly in i3-wm<\/code>.<\/p>\nSolution<\/h1>\n\n- \n
Write the following line to the file, ~\/.Xresources<\/code>. The dpi value can be adjusted as you want.<\/p>"},{"title":"Linux package recommendation - Manjaro (ArchLinux)","link":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Linux-package-recommendation-Manjaro-ArchLinux\/","pubDate":"Thu, 09 Aug 2018 12:56:42 +0900","guid":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Linux-package-recommendation-Manjaro-ArchLinux\/","description":"Intro.<\/h1>\n\n- This post recommends linux packages to
Manjaro<\/code> (ArchLinux<\/code> base) distribution users.<\/li>\n- The content is based on my own experience of using the packages.<\/li>\n
- The post will be updated continually.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Format<\/h1>\n\npackage_name<\/code>: purpose_of_a_package (URL)<\/li>\n- any_comments<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Recommended packages<\/h1>\n\nltunify-git<\/code>: Logitech receiver configuration (archlinux wiki<\/a>)<\/li>\nSolaar<\/code> produced an error when pairing device.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>"},{"title":"Crop pdf keeping information and size","link":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Crop-pdf-keeping-information-and-size\/","pubDate":"Fri, 16 Mar 2018 15:02:43 +0900","guid":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Crop-pdf-keeping-information-and-size\/","description":"Intro.<\/h1>\n
I use Sony DPT-RP1<\/code> (a.k.a. Digital Paper) as a paper reader.\nIn spite of the 13.3-inch-big screen of this device, large margins of pdf files made my eyes tired.\nI wanted to crop pdf files with the following requirements.<\/p>\n\n- Meta data like a title and authors should be maintained after being cropped.<\/li>\n
- The size of cropped file should be reasonable (similar to the original file).<\/li>\n
- Some components in the pdf file need to be cropped out. (For example, page numbers at the bottom.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
I used pdfcrop<\/code> tool before. It was easy to use and the output was acceptable but the size of file increases unexpectedly (e.g. 600KB to 5MB).<\/p>"},{"title":"Configuring dnsmasq only for DHCP server in Ubuntu PC","link":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Configuring-dnsmasq-only-for-DHCP-server-in-Ubuntu-PC\/","pubDate":"Wed, 07 Mar 2018 14:03:39 +0900","guid":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Configuring-dnsmasq-only-for-DHCP-server-in-Ubuntu-PC\/","description":"Purpsose<\/h1>\n
To configure my own DHCP server with dnsmasq<\/code> on my Ubuntu PC. A commercial router is running together.
\n(Actually, I wanted to setup a PXE boot server with dnsmasq<\/code>.)<\/p>\nEnvironment<\/h1>\n\n- A local LAN with the router that can disable its DHCP server functionality.<\/li>\n
- Ubuntu 16.04 machine,
dnsmasq<\/code> installed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nSolution<\/h1>\n\n- \n
Install dnsmasq<\/code>.<\/p>\nsudo apt install dnsmasq\n<\/code><\/pre><\/li>\n- \n
Configure dnsmasq<\/code> by writing the default configuration file(\/etc\/dnsmasq.conf<\/code>) or a new file in the path \/etc\/dnsmasq.d\/<\/code>(For example, \/etc\/dnsmasq.d\/dhcp.conf<\/code>). The default configuration file includes a neat and detailed description of each configuration parameter.<\/p>"},{"title":"Disable Ubuntu network configuration on startup (on boot)","link":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Disable-Ubuntu-network-configuration-on-startup-on-boot\/","pubDate":"Mon, 05 Mar 2018 20:40:48 +0900","guid":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Disable-Ubuntu-network-configuration-on-startup-on-boot\/","description":"Intro.<\/h1>\n
Ubuntu checks network configuration on its startup.\nAlthough this process passes quickly when the network connection is normal, it takes about 5 minutes<\/strong> if there exist some problems in the configuration.
\nThere is a way to reduce the waiting time for the network configuration.<\/p>\nReference<\/h1>\n
Ubundtu forum answer<\/a><\/p>\nSolution<\/h1>\n
You can change the value of the waiting time.\nSet the value of TimeoutStartSec<\/code> in the file, \/lib\/systemd\/system\/networking.service<\/code>.
\nFor example,<\/p>"},{"title":"Replace HDD or SSD without the re-installation of Ubuntu","link":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Replace-HDD-or-SSD-without-the-re-installation-of-Ubuntu\/","pubDate":"Sun, 04 Mar 2018 15:14:55 +0900","guid":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Replace-HDD-or-SSD-without-the-re-installation-of-Ubuntu\/","description":"Intro.<\/h1>\n
I tried to replace the HDD in my Ubuntu PC with a new SSD for the performance improvement.<\/p>\n
Reference<\/h1>\n
[1] Partition copy and paste with GParted in the Ubuntu Live USB<\/a>
\n[2] Change UUID of a partition<\/a><\/p>\nSolution<\/h1>\nPlease backup your data before starting the following processes.<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\nIt is assumed that you have already installed a new storage HW into your PC. Also, Ubuntu live USB is required.<\/p>\n
1. Boot with the Ubuntu live USB.<\/strong>
\n
\n2. Start gparted<\/code> which is a partition editor program.<\/strong>
\n
\n3. Select the original device in the top right corner.<\/strong>
\n![\"Select](\"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/img\/2018-03-04\/select_original_device.png\" "\\"Select")
<\/a><\/p>"},{"title":"Kensington Slimblade button mapping on Linux","link":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Kensington-Slimblade-button-mapping-on-Linux\/","pubDate":"Thu, 18 Jan 2018 19:14:03 +0900","guid":"https:\/\/yulistic.github.io\/posts\/Kensington-Slimblade-button-mapping-on-Linux\/","description":"Intro.<\/h1>\n