Economic

Background: Ledebouria Roth (Hyacinthaceae: Hyacinthoideae) is a largely African genus with, more or less, 40 species occurring in South Africa. The species was first collected in December 1990 by R. Archer [Archer, R.H. 503 (PRE)] and remained unidentified. Subsequently, N. Hahn also collected the species in 1992 [N. Hahn 444 (ZPB)] and, upon failing to resolve the identity of the specimen, he approached A. Hankey who initiated further collaborative research. Objective: To describe the new species of Ledebouria from Blouberg mountain massif in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Method: Relevant existing specimens in herbaria were examined and morphological characters and states noted. The type specimen was collected during an expedition under the guidance of Prof. Dirk Bellstedt accompanied by Mr Adam Harrower. Results: Ledebouria caesiomontana A.J.Hankey & N.Hahn sp. nov. was described and illustrated. The new species was distinguished from its closest relative, Ledebouria papillata S.Venter, by the ovary which lacks basal lobes, as well the absence of cataphylls and the irregular papillate ridges present only on the upper leaf surfaces. Conclusion: Ledebouria caesiomontana is a new species restricted to the Blouberg mountain massif in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Initial estimates deem the species to be vulnerable (VU D2) as a result of especially anthropogenic-induced disturbances on the Blouberg.

This paper incorporates a role for expectations in the short-run behavior of labour supply decision, presents a theory introducing labour market expectations as a variable influencing labour supply, and discusses the relative merits of the expectations model vis-à-vis the traditional model using the empirical results derived in this work.

This paper looks beneath the national unemployment numbers to examine in detail the dimension of Canada’s youth unemployment problem. After an outline of the empirical dimensions of youth unemployment in Canada, a theoritical framework is set out to explain the particular characteristics of youth unemployment. Finally, some policy recommendations are presented.

Legal disputes over compensation paid almost a century ago in lieu of a cash flow stream spanning a few decades present a number of challenges. These difficulties involve interrelated conceptual issues as well as technical obstacles. The re-evaluation of the compensation, in terms of dollars of the compensation time, requires knowledge of the yield curve at that time. However, the kept records of historical yield, is of only one rate: the long term spot rate. The rate was recorded and kept for the first business day of each month. Furthermore, the evaluation in today's dollars requires present/future value calculations spanning over thirty years while yields for such a long duration are not observable. The paper offers a conceptual overview, proposes a methodology to overcome the technical difficulties, and exemplifies the implementation process.

There have been numerous historical claims by First Nations across Canada for damages resulting from the taking of land and the resulting loss of use of such land. Many of these cases have come before the courts. Generally in such cases, there is agreement that either the Federal Government and/or a provincial government has not fulfilled its fiduciary duty. Hence, the disputes before the courts usually pertain to valuing the losses of the First Nation(s) who is (are) the Plaintiff(s) in these cases. Since the original taking of the lands occurred many decades in the past, the court is challenged with difficult valuation issues, which are complicated by a lack of historical data and transaction records. Hence, even if the parties agree on the methodology for valuing the losses and on an annual lease rate, they still need to determine the annual price of the land. A common practice for generating a price trajectory for the land is to use a very small sample of land prices, and interp...

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