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Serap ACAR

Yildiz Technical University, Bioengineering, Assoc. Prof. Dr.

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Serap DERMAN received her BSc degree in 2003 from Yildiz Technical University Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department and in 2008 Chemical Engineering Department. Completed her MSc degree in 2006 and PhD degree in 2012 in Bioengineering Programme at Yildiz Technical University. Serap DERMAN received the title of Associate Professor in Bioengineering in 2017.

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University of Zimbabwe

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Papers by Serap ACAR

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: Effect of Various Process Parameters on Reaction Yield, Encapsulation Efficiency, and Particle Size

Journal of Nanomaterials, 2015

CAPE loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using the oil in water (o/w) single emulsion solvent... more CAPE loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using the oil in water (o/w) single emulsion solvent evaporation methods. Five different processing parameters including initial CAPE amount, initial PLGA amount, PVA concentration in aqueous phase, PVA volume, and solvent type were screened systematically to improve encapsulation of hydrophobic CAPE molecule, simultaneously minimize particle size, and raise the reaction yield. Obtained results showed that the encapsulation efficiency of the nanoparticles significantly increased with the increase of the initial CAPE amount (< 0.05) and particle size (< 0.05). Furthermore, the particle size is significantly influenced by initial polymer amount (< 0.05) and surfactant concentration (< 0.05). By the optimization of process parameters, the nanoparticles produced 70 ± 6% reaction yield, 89 ± 3% encapsulation efficiency, −34.4 ± 2.5 mV zeta potential, and 163 ± 2 nm particle size with low polydispersity index 0.119 ± 0.002. The particle size and surface morphology of optimized nanoparticles were studied and analyses showed that the nanoparticles have uniform size distribution, smooth surface, and spherical shape. Lyophilized nanoparticles with different CAPE and PLGA concentration in formulation were examined for in vitro release at physiological pH. Interestingly, the optimized nanoparticles showed a high (83.08%) and sustained CAPE release (lasting for 16 days) compared to nonoptimized nanoparticle.

Production, characterization and antioxidant activity evaluation of quercetin loaded PLGA nanofibers

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Jun 6, 2022

Quercetin is a flavonoid which is known to have antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activit... more Quercetin is a flavonoid which is known to have antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities and found high ratio in many plants and nutrients. As quercetin has a superior ability to scavenging of reactive oxygen species, its use in wound dressing studies is increasing. Electrospun membranes are seen to be advantageous in terms of controlled and continuous drug release, water absorption and mimicry to intercellular matrix elements. In this study, PLGA nanofibers are produced by electrospinning method. In their SEM images, it is observed that PLGA nanofibers are successfully produced with average diameter of 500±20 nm and they are bead-free and randomly. Quercetin was loaded onto the PLGA membrane by spraying method to ensure that the fibers were physically attached onto the surface. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed that quercetin was successfully loaded onto the nanofibers. In the swelling study, it was found that water absorption capability of PLGA membrane is 300±30%. Drug release studies were performed with quercetin-loaded PLGA nanofibers and it was determined that quercetin was completely released in 7 days. Antioxidant activity of quercetin loaded PLGA nanofibers was tested by DPPH method and it was showed 85.1±0.8% antioxidant activity.

A new strategy to achieve high antimicrobial activity: green synthesised silver nanoparticle formulations with <i>Galium aparine</i> and <i>Helichrysum arenarium</i>

Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju, Jun 1, 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have recently gained attention due to their antimicrobial act... more Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have recently gained attention due to their antimicrobial activity, can also be produced by green synthesis. The aims of this study were to (i) characterise green synthesized AgNPs using microwave-assisted aqueous extracts of Galium aparine (G-AgNPs) and Helichrysum arenarium (H-AgNPs) and (ii) investigate the combined antimicrobial effects of the G-and H-AgNPs in different ratios. Nanoparticle formation and reactions were determined with UV-Vis spectroscopy. The G-AgNPs were 52.0±10.9 nm in size, with a 0.285±0.034 polydispersity index (PDI), and a-17.9±0.9 mV zeta potential. For H-AgNPs these characteristics were 23.9±1.0 nm, 0.280±0.032, and-21.3±2.7 mV, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the particles were monodisperse and spherical. The Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results showed the presence of reducing agents that stabilised the AgNPs. Three different nanoformulations (NF-1, NF-2, and NF-3) were prepared by combining these two synthesised nanoparticles in different ratios and their antimicrobial activity was tested against E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, and A. flavus. Our study is the first to show that combining AgNPs from two different biological sources can produce effective nanoformulations with improved antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. These nanoformulations showed lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (31.25 µg/mL against E. coli with all NFs; 62.5 µg/mL for NF-1 and 125 µg/mL for NF-2/3 against S. aureus) than G-AgNPs (62.5 µg/mL for E. coli) or H-AgNPs (125 µg/mL for S. aureus) alone. Their high combined inhibitory effect against E. coli (NF-1-3) was synergistic and against S. aureus (NF-2 and NF-3) potentially additive. Considering such promising results, we believe our study provides some direction for new research and strategies in antimicrobial therapeutics.

Comparative evaluation of antibacterial activity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and PLGA nanoparticle formulation by different methods

Nanotechnology, Dec 2, 2015

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticle and free ... more The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticle and free formulations of the CAPE compound using different methods and comparing the results in the literature for the first time. In parallel with this purpose, encapsulation of CAPE with the PLGA nanoparticle system (CAPE-PLGA-NPs) and characterization of nanoparticles were carried out. Afterwards, antimicrobial activity of free CAPE and CAPE-PLGA-NPs was determined using agar well diffusion, disk diffusion, broth microdilution and reduction percentage methods. P. aeroginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were chosen as model bacteria since they have different cell wall structures. CAPE-PLGA-NPs within the range of 214.0 ± 8.80 nm particle size and with an encapsulation efficiency of 91.59 ± 4.97% were prepared using the oil-in-water (o-w) single-emulsion solvent evaporation method. The microbiological results indicated that free CAPE did not have any antimicrobial activity in any of the applied methods whereas CAPE-PLGA-NPs had significant antimicrobial activity in both broth dilution and reduction percentage methods. CAPE-PLGA-NPs showed moderate antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and MRSA strains particularly in hourly measurements at 30.63 and 61.25 μg ml(-1) concentrations (both p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), whereas they failed to show antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeroginosa and E. coli, p &amp;amp;gt; 0.05). In the reduction percentage method, in which the highest results of antimicrobial activity were obtained, it was observed that the antimicrobial effect on S. aureus was more long-standing (3 days) and higher in reduction percentage (over 90%). The appearance of antibacterial activity of CAPE-PLGA-NPs may be related to higher penetration into cells due to low solubility of free CAPE in the aqueous medium. Additionally, the biocompatible and biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles could be an alternative to solvents such as ethanol, methanol or DMSO. Consequently, obtained results show that the method of selection is extremely important and will influence the results. Thus, broth microdilution and reduction percentage methods can be recommended as reliable and useful screening methods for determination of antimicrobial activity of PLGA nanoparticle formulations used particularly in drug delivery systems compared to both agar well and disk diffusion methods.

İdeal Yara Örtüsünün Özelli̇kleri̇

Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi dergisi, Jul 18, 2023

Objective: Many substances have been used for wound-burn treatment to date. Recent studies have f... more Objective: Many substances have been used for wound-burn treatment to date. Recent studies have focused not only on covering the wound but also on the production of dressings that will provide patient comfort at the highest level. This review mentions the types of dressings and the expected features of an ideal wound dressing. An ideal wound dressing should close the wound and protect against external factors such as microorganisms. It must have an appropriate absorption capacity for the exudate level in terms of not drying the wound. It should mimic healthy skin with mechanical strength and flexibility. Wound dressing is expected to accelerate healing by supporting cell proliferation and migration. Result and Discussion: One or more of these features come to the fore when the patient's age and chronic diseases, wound depth, degree, and stage are considered. As a result, since many factors are influential in wound dressing selection, it is crucial to examine the properties of materials. Wound dressings should be developed by considering tissue debridement, infection control, moisture balance, and epithelization.

Glycopolymer and Poly(β-amino ester)-Based Amphiphilic Block Copolymer as a Drug Carrier

Biomacromolecules, Nov 1, 2022

Glycopolymers are synthetic macromolecules having pendant sugar moieties and widely utilized to t... more Glycopolymers are synthetic macromolecules having pendant sugar moieties and widely utilized to target cancer cells. They are usually considered as a hydrophilic segment of amphiphilic block copolymers to fabricate micelles as drug carriers. A novel amphiphilic block copolymer, namely, poly(2-deoxy-2methacrylamido-D-glucose-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-bpoly(β-amino ester) [P(MAG-co-HEMA)-b-PBAE], with active cancer cell targeting potential and pH responsivity was prepared. Tetrazine end functional P(MAG-co-HEMA) and norbornene end functional PBAE blocks were separately synthesized through reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and Michael addition-based poly-condensation, respectively, and followed by end-group transformation. Then, inverse electron demand Diels Alder reaction between the tetrazine and the norbornene groups was performed by simply mixing to obtain the amphiphilic block copolymer. After characterization of the block copolymer in terms of chemical structure, pH responsivity, and drug loading/releasing, pH-responsive micelles were obtained with or without doxorubicin (DOX), a model anticancer drug. The micelles exhibited a sharp protonated/deprotonated transition on tertiary amine groups around pH 6.75 and the pH-specific release of DOX below this value. Eventually, the drug delivery potential was evaluated by cytotoxicity assays on both the noncancerous human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cell line and glioblastoma cell line, U87-MG. While the DOX-loaded polymeric micelles were not toxic in noncancerous HUVEC cells, being toxic only to the cancer cells indicates that it is a potential specific cell targeting strategy in the treatment of cancer.

Antioxidant Effect of Catechin Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticle

Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 2016

Flavonoids are polyphenols compounds a structural class of mainly natural and a products of secon... more Flavonoids are polyphenols compounds a structural class of mainly natural and a products of secondary metabolism of plants. Flavonoids, which can be found in herbs and trees, act as natural chemopreventives and anticancer agents [1]. As natural products, they have major importance for human life and also have a widespread effect such as antioxidant, antinflammatory, anticarcinogen, antidiabetic [2, 3]. However, bioavailability of this polyphenolic antioxidant have limited because of their high water solubility [4], low absorption, permeability, stability, slow dissolution rate, and light-induced decomposition over time in the physiological medium. In recent years, various methods have been tried to overcome the limitations of flavonoids, including its incorporation into micels and nanoparticles.

Enhancement of Antifungal Activity of Juglone (5-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) Using a Poly(<scp>d</scp>,<scp>l</scp>-lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Nanoparticle System

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Sep 19, 2016

In this study, it was aimed to synthesize and characterize juglone entrapped PLGA nanoparticle an... more In this study, it was aimed to synthesize and characterize juglone entrapped PLGA nanoparticle and compare the antifungal properties of free juglone with its PLGA nanoparticle formulation for the first time in the literature. The juglone loaded nanoparticles prepared using the oil-in-water (o-w) single-emulsion solvent evaporation method were characterized by the reaction yield (RY), encapsulation efficiency (EE), polydispersity index (PDI), particle size, zeta potential (ZP), FT-IR, in vitro release properties and evaluated their morphological features using SEM. The nanoparticle formulation had a size, RY, ZP, EE and PDI value of 212 nm, 66.91 ± 2.4 %, −16.3 ± 0.7 mV, 70.66 ± 3.1 % and 0.083 ± 0.024 respectively. In vitro release showed triphasic pattern with initial burst followed by sustained release and dormant phase over the study period, total releasing about 72.8 % after 42 days. The antifungal studies against A.flavus, C. albicans and Fusarium spp. using agar dilution and top agar dilution methods indicated that the juglone encapsulated nanoparticle was more effective than free juglone. In this study, it is showed that the top agar method which applied for the first time on the antifungal activity is more suitable for the nanoparticular system based on sustained release. So that, the PLGA nanoparticle formulations may be an important tool for application in many areas from the point of the effective and beneficial use for hydrophobic compounds such as juglone.

Synthesis of Chitosan Nanoparticles for Controlled Release of Amiodarone

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-No... more This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms

Particle size and zeta potential investigation of synthetic peptide-protein conjugates / Sentetik peptid-protein konjugatlarının parçacık boyutu ve zeta potensiyel analizi

Türk biyokimya dergisi, 2015

Objective: Synthetic peptides are not sufficiently large or complex by themselves to induce immun... more Objective: Synthetic peptides are not sufficiently large or complex by themselves to induce immune system because of their small size. Synthetic peptides are usually conjugated to different carriers such as proteins and polyelectrolytes to enhance their immunogenic properties and antigen-specific antibody production (Abs) rate. Thus, the aim of this study is synthesis of peptide-protein covalent conjugates, and size and zeta potential analysis of these conjugates. Methods: In this study, synthetic peptide antigen of the 135-161 amino acids sequence of immunogenic VP1 capsid protein of "A" type foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was covalently conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the carbodiimide method by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) at different molar ratios of peptide (γ=n Peptide /n BSA). Particle size and zeta potential analysis of peptide-protein bioconjugates have been performed by using dynamic and electrophoretic light-scattering methods. Results: The size and surface charge of bioconjugates are important factors in a synthetic peptide vaccine. Nevertheless, there virtually no research has been conducted on zeta potential and the size of peptide-protein bioconjugates detailed. Conclusion: Dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering analyses clearly demonstrated that zeta potential of the FMDV 135-161 synthetic peptide-BSA conjugates shifts to less negative potentials and particle sizes increase as the amount of peptide increased in conjugates. The data about peptide-carrier protein conjugates obtained by using these methods are very important for developing peptide-based vaccines.

An<i>In vivo</i>study: Adjuvant activity of poly-n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid on immune responses against Melanoma synthetic peptide

Bioengineered, Sep 28, 2017

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Synthesis of hesperetin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles by two different experimental design methods and biological evaluation of optimized nanoparticles

Nanotechnology, Jul 24, 2018

Hesperetin was effectively encapsulated into poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles by ... more Hesperetin was effectively encapsulated into poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles by using experimental design methods. A seven-factor Plackett-Burman design was used in order to determine the major process parameters. A significant linear equation, which shows the effect of each process parameter on encapsulation efficiency was developed, and then the most effective factors were determined. Further investigation and optimization was carried out by applying the three-factor three-level Box-Behnken design. Significant second-order mathematical models were developed by regression analysis of the experimental data for both responses: encapsulation efficiency and nanoparticle size. The two step experimental design allowed the synthesis of the desired nanoparticle formulations with maximum encapsulation efficiency (80.5 ± 4.9%) and minimum particle size (260.2 ± 16.5 nm) at optimum process conditions: 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration, 5.13 water:organic phase ratio, and 3.59 ml min-1 flow rate of the emulsified solution into 0.1% PVA. Furthermore, the biological activity of these optimized nanoparticles were determined with antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity studies; results were then compared to the free hesperetin. The cytotoxicity result revealed that hesperetin and hesperetin-loaded nanoparticles were biocompatible with normal cell line L929 fibroblast cells up to 184.83 and 190.88 μg ml-1 for 24 h, and up to 133.24 and 134.80 μg ml-1 for 48 h, respectively. In the antimicrobial study, the optimized nanoparticle showed inhibition activity (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 125 μg ml-1 for Escherichia coli, and 200 μg ml-1 for Staphylococcus aureus), while the free hesperetin did not demonstrate activity in both strains (MIC value >200 μg ml-1). These in vitro results may provide useful information for the investigation of hesperetin-loaded nanoparticles in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Assessment of the Antigenotoxic Activity of Poly(<scp>d</scp>,<scp>l</scp>-lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles Loaded with Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Using the Ames <i>Salmonella</i>/Microsome Assay

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, May 25, 2018

In the present study, the antigenotoxic activity of poly(d,l-lactic- co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nan... more In the present study, the antigenotoxic activity of poly(d,l-lactic- co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was investigated in comparison to free CAPE using the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. Additionally, to elucidate the impacts of the type of solvent effect on antigenotoxic activity, the following systems were tested: CAPE in water (poor solvent), ethyl alcohol (good solvent), and PLGA NPs (unknown). The effect of the NP system on solubility was investigated for the first time by assessing the antigenotoxic potential. In this study, the CAPE/PLGA NPs were synthesized using an oil-in-water (o/w) single-emulsion solvent evaporation method with an average size of 206.2 ± 1.2 nm, ζ potential of -19.8 ± 2.5 mV, encapsulation efficiency of 87.2 ± 2.5%, and drug loading of 53.3 ± 1.8%. According to the results of the antigenotoxic activity, the highest antimutagenic activity in both applied strains was found for CAPE in ethanol, and the lowest activity was detected for CAPE in water. Our study has shown that NP systems exhibit high antigenotoxic activity, which is similar to the results of CAPE dissolved in ethanol. These results have shown that NP systems increase biological activity of hydrophobic substances by increasing their solubility and that the use of PLGA instead of organic solvents in drug production may provide an increase in their medical utility.

Quercetin-loaded nanoparticles enhance cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity on C6 glioma cells

Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, Mar 20, 2020

Quercetin (Qu) is a natural flavonoid present in many commonly consumed food items. The dietary p... more Quercetin (Qu) is a natural flavonoid present in many commonly consumed food items. The dietary phytochemical quercetin prevents tumor proliferation and is a potent therapeutic cancer agent. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and characterize quercetin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (Qu 1 NP, Qu 2 NP, and Qu 3 NP) with different size and encapsulation properties and to evaluate their in vitro activity on C6 glioma cells. Nanoparticles were synthesized by single emulsion solvent evaporation method. Then, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index and encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles were determined. Particle size of Qu 1 NP, Qu 2 NP, and Qu 3 NPs were determined as 215.2 ± 6.2, 282.3 ± 7.9, and 584.5 ± 15.2 nm respectively. Treating C6 glioma cells with all nanoparticle formulations effectively inhibited the cell proliferation. Qu 1 NPs were showed the lowest IC 50 value in 48 h with 29.9 lg/ml and achieved higher cellular uptake among other nanoparticles and Qu. Additionally, 48h treatment with Qu 1 NPs significantly decreased MDA level (14.90 nmol/mg protein) on C6 glioma cells which is related to reduced oxidative stress in cells. Findings of this study revealed that quercetin's cellular uptake and anti-oxidant activity is improved by small-sized Qu 1 NPs in C6 glioma cells.

On Regularities of Conjugation of W-1L19 Synthetic Peptide to Polyacrylic Acid Polymer Using EDC as a Cross –Binding Agent

Synthesis and Characterization of Catechin Loaded Microparticles and Their Evaluation For Antimutagenic Activity Against S. typhimurium Mutant Strains

Investigation of anti-cancer activity of hesperetin and hesperetin loaded polymeric nanoparticles on C6 glioma cells

WOS: 000437674105215

Cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of juglone: a comparison of free and nano-encapsulated form

Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju, Mar 1, 2020

Despite its evidenced beneficial herbicidal, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidan... more Despite its evidenced beneficial herbicidal, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant effects, the application of juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4,-naphthoquinone) is limited due to its low water solubility and allelopathic and toxic effects. In recent years, research has aimed to overcome these limitations by increasing its solubility and controlling its release through nanoparticular systems. This is the first study to have synthesised and characterised juglone-loaded polymeric nanoparticles and compared them with free juglone for cytotoxicity in mouse (L929 fibroblasts) and alfalfa cells and for mutagenic potential in Salmonella typhimurium TA98/100. Mouse and plant cells treated with free and nano-encapsulated juglone showed a decrease in cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner, but this effect was significantly lower with the nanoencapsulated form at lower doses. In the TA98 strain with S9, nano-encapsulated juglone did not exhibit mutagenic effects, unlike the free form. Since all results show that juglone encapsulation with polymeric nanoparticles reduced the toxic and mutagenic effects, it has a promising potential to be applied in medicine, food safety, and agriculture.

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of juglone encapsulated <scp>PLGA</scp> nanoparticles

Journal of Applied Microbiology, Nov 2, 2017

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of different process parameters which including; i... more The aim of the study was to examine the effect of different process parameters which including; initial juglone amount, initial poly(d, l-lactide co-glycolide) amount, polyvinyl alcohol volume, and polyvinyl alcohol concentration on encapsulation of juglone to poly(d, l-lactide co-glycolide) nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticle formulations were analyzed for reaction yield, encapsulation efficiency, particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, and juglone release. In conjunction with the highest encapsulation rate, the highest amount of juglone release was obtained for F4 formulation, which has 281.8 nm particle size, 0.217 polydispersity index, and -19.55 mV zeta potential. After the detailed physicochemical characterization of this formulation, the four different kinetic models were used and it was found that juglone release mechanism controlled by Fickian diffusion method. According to antimicrobial activity results, MIC values of both F4 and free juglone is higher for gram negative bacteria than gram positive bacteria. Inhibition zone diameters in the quantitative methods are found 15 and 16 mm for S. aureus, 9 and 7 mm for B. cereus, respectively for F4 and free juglone. Moreover, the MIC values for qualitative methods were found 31.5 μg/ml for two bacteria strains. It was found that the antibacterial activity of the juglone nanoparticles was higher and longer than the free juglone. Additionally, a similar antimicrobial effect with a lower juglone amount (obtained from controlled release study) indicates that nanoparticle formulation is more effective. The use of nanoparticle formulations of juglone in biological systems and applications could be more beneficial than its free form due to its toxicity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

03:09 PM Abstract No. 24 Catheter-directed gastric artery embolization with octreotide acetate loaded PLA/PLGA (poly[lactide-co-glycolide] acid) microspheres with slow sustained-release properties suppresses the plasma concentration of ghrelin, which results in weight loss

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 2019

MACE or MALE between the two treatment groups. Subgroup analyses of femoral-popliteal interventio... more MACE or MALE between the two treatment groups. Subgroup analyses of femoral-popliteal interventions demonstrated a small, but significantly decreased likelihood of untreated loss of patency in 30 days in the atherectomy and PTA group compared to the PTA alone group (1.1% vs 2.7%, respectively; p-value ¼ 0.034; OR 0.356; 95%CI 0.137-0.925), which persisted on propensity score matched analysis (1.1% vs 3.1%, respectively; p-value ¼ 0.026; OR 0.333; 95%CI 0.126-0.879). Conclusions: Atherectomy and balloon angioplasty of femoralpopliteal disease provides a small, but significant decrease in untreated loss of patency compared to balloon angioplasty alone.

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: Effect of Various Process Parameters on Reaction Yield, Encapsulation Efficiency, and Particle Size

Journal of Nanomaterials, 2015

CAPE loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using the oil in water (o/w) single emulsion solvent... more CAPE loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using the oil in water (o/w) single emulsion solvent evaporation methods. Five different processing parameters including initial CAPE amount, initial PLGA amount, PVA concentration in aqueous phase, PVA volume, and solvent type were screened systematically to improve encapsulation of hydrophobic CAPE molecule, simultaneously minimize particle size, and raise the reaction yield. Obtained results showed that the encapsulation efficiency of the nanoparticles significantly increased with the increase of the initial CAPE amount (< 0.05) and particle size (< 0.05). Furthermore, the particle size is significantly influenced by initial polymer amount (< 0.05) and surfactant concentration (< 0.05). By the optimization of process parameters, the nanoparticles produced 70 ± 6% reaction yield, 89 ± 3% encapsulation efficiency, −34.4 ± 2.5 mV zeta potential, and 163 ± 2 nm particle size with low polydispersity index 0.119 ± 0.002. The particle size and surface morphology of optimized nanoparticles were studied and analyses showed that the nanoparticles have uniform size distribution, smooth surface, and spherical shape. Lyophilized nanoparticles with different CAPE and PLGA concentration in formulation were examined for in vitro release at physiological pH. Interestingly, the optimized nanoparticles showed a high (83.08%) and sustained CAPE release (lasting for 16 days) compared to nonoptimized nanoparticle.

Production, characterization and antioxidant activity evaluation of quercetin loaded PLGA nanofibers

DergiPark (Istanbul University), Jun 6, 2022

Quercetin is a flavonoid which is known to have antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activit... more Quercetin is a flavonoid which is known to have antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities and found high ratio in many plants and nutrients. As quercetin has a superior ability to scavenging of reactive oxygen species, its use in wound dressing studies is increasing. Electrospun membranes are seen to be advantageous in terms of controlled and continuous drug release, water absorption and mimicry to intercellular matrix elements. In this study, PLGA nanofibers are produced by electrospinning method. In their SEM images, it is observed that PLGA nanofibers are successfully produced with average diameter of 500±20 nm and they are bead-free and randomly. Quercetin was loaded onto the PLGA membrane by spraying method to ensure that the fibers were physically attached onto the surface. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed that quercetin was successfully loaded onto the nanofibers. In the swelling study, it was found that water absorption capability of PLGA membrane is 300±30%. Drug release studies were performed with quercetin-loaded PLGA nanofibers and it was determined that quercetin was completely released in 7 days. Antioxidant activity of quercetin loaded PLGA nanofibers was tested by DPPH method and it was showed 85.1±0.8% antioxidant activity.

A new strategy to achieve high antimicrobial activity: green synthesised silver nanoparticle formulations with <i>Galium aparine</i> and <i>Helichrysum arenarium</i>

Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju, Jun 1, 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have recently gained attention due to their antimicrobial act... more Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have recently gained attention due to their antimicrobial activity, can also be produced by green synthesis. The aims of this study were to (i) characterise green synthesized AgNPs using microwave-assisted aqueous extracts of Galium aparine (G-AgNPs) and Helichrysum arenarium (H-AgNPs) and (ii) investigate the combined antimicrobial effects of the G-and H-AgNPs in different ratios. Nanoparticle formation and reactions were determined with UV-Vis spectroscopy. The G-AgNPs were 52.0±10.9 nm in size, with a 0.285±0.034 polydispersity index (PDI), and a-17.9±0.9 mV zeta potential. For H-AgNPs these characteristics were 23.9±1.0 nm, 0.280±0.032, and-21.3±2.7 mV, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the particles were monodisperse and spherical. The Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results showed the presence of reducing agents that stabilised the AgNPs. Three different nanoformulations (NF-1, NF-2, and NF-3) were prepared by combining these two synthesised nanoparticles in different ratios and their antimicrobial activity was tested against E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, and A. flavus. Our study is the first to show that combining AgNPs from two different biological sources can produce effective nanoformulations with improved antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. These nanoformulations showed lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (31.25 µg/mL against E. coli with all NFs; 62.5 µg/mL for NF-1 and 125 µg/mL for NF-2/3 against S. aureus) than G-AgNPs (62.5 µg/mL for E. coli) or H-AgNPs (125 µg/mL for S. aureus) alone. Their high combined inhibitory effect against E. coli (NF-1-3) was synergistic and against S. aureus (NF-2 and NF-3) potentially additive. Considering such promising results, we believe our study provides some direction for new research and strategies in antimicrobial therapeutics.

Comparative evaluation of antibacterial activity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and PLGA nanoparticle formulation by different methods

Nanotechnology, Dec 2, 2015

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticle and free ... more The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticle and free formulations of the CAPE compound using different methods and comparing the results in the literature for the first time. In parallel with this purpose, encapsulation of CAPE with the PLGA nanoparticle system (CAPE-PLGA-NPs) and characterization of nanoparticles were carried out. Afterwards, antimicrobial activity of free CAPE and CAPE-PLGA-NPs was determined using agar well diffusion, disk diffusion, broth microdilution and reduction percentage methods. P. aeroginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were chosen as model bacteria since they have different cell wall structures. CAPE-PLGA-NPs within the range of 214.0 ± 8.80 nm particle size and with an encapsulation efficiency of 91.59 ± 4.97% were prepared using the oil-in-water (o-w) single-emulsion solvent evaporation method. The microbiological results indicated that free CAPE did not have any antimicrobial activity in any of the applied methods whereas CAPE-PLGA-NPs had significant antimicrobial activity in both broth dilution and reduction percentage methods. CAPE-PLGA-NPs showed moderate antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and MRSA strains particularly in hourly measurements at 30.63 and 61.25 μg ml(-1) concentrations (both p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), whereas they failed to show antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeroginosa and E. coli, p &amp;amp;gt; 0.05). In the reduction percentage method, in which the highest results of antimicrobial activity were obtained, it was observed that the antimicrobial effect on S. aureus was more long-standing (3 days) and higher in reduction percentage (over 90%). The appearance of antibacterial activity of CAPE-PLGA-NPs may be related to higher penetration into cells due to low solubility of free CAPE in the aqueous medium. Additionally, the biocompatible and biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles could be an alternative to solvents such as ethanol, methanol or DMSO. Consequently, obtained results show that the method of selection is extremely important and will influence the results. Thus, broth microdilution and reduction percentage methods can be recommended as reliable and useful screening methods for determination of antimicrobial activity of PLGA nanoparticle formulations used particularly in drug delivery systems compared to both agar well and disk diffusion methods.

İdeal Yara Örtüsünün Özelli̇kleri̇

Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi dergisi, Jul 18, 2023

Objective: Many substances have been used for wound-burn treatment to date. Recent studies have f... more Objective: Many substances have been used for wound-burn treatment to date. Recent studies have focused not only on covering the wound but also on the production of dressings that will provide patient comfort at the highest level. This review mentions the types of dressings and the expected features of an ideal wound dressing. An ideal wound dressing should close the wound and protect against external factors such as microorganisms. It must have an appropriate absorption capacity for the exudate level in terms of not drying the wound. It should mimic healthy skin with mechanical strength and flexibility. Wound dressing is expected to accelerate healing by supporting cell proliferation and migration. Result and Discussion: One or more of these features come to the fore when the patient's age and chronic diseases, wound depth, degree, and stage are considered. As a result, since many factors are influential in wound dressing selection, it is crucial to examine the properties of materials. Wound dressings should be developed by considering tissue debridement, infection control, moisture balance, and epithelization.

Glycopolymer and Poly(β-amino ester)-Based Amphiphilic Block Copolymer as a Drug Carrier

Biomacromolecules, Nov 1, 2022

Glycopolymers are synthetic macromolecules having pendant sugar moieties and widely utilized to t... more Glycopolymers are synthetic macromolecules having pendant sugar moieties and widely utilized to target cancer cells. They are usually considered as a hydrophilic segment of amphiphilic block copolymers to fabricate micelles as drug carriers. A novel amphiphilic block copolymer, namely, poly(2-deoxy-2methacrylamido-D-glucose-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-bpoly(β-amino ester) [P(MAG-co-HEMA)-b-PBAE], with active cancer cell targeting potential and pH responsivity was prepared. Tetrazine end functional P(MAG-co-HEMA) and norbornene end functional PBAE blocks were separately synthesized through reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and Michael addition-based poly-condensation, respectively, and followed by end-group transformation. Then, inverse electron demand Diels Alder reaction between the tetrazine and the norbornene groups was performed by simply mixing to obtain the amphiphilic block copolymer. After characterization of the block copolymer in terms of chemical structure, pH responsivity, and drug loading/releasing, pH-responsive micelles were obtained with or without doxorubicin (DOX), a model anticancer drug. The micelles exhibited a sharp protonated/deprotonated transition on tertiary amine groups around pH 6.75 and the pH-specific release of DOX below this value. Eventually, the drug delivery potential was evaluated by cytotoxicity assays on both the noncancerous human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cell line and glioblastoma cell line, U87-MG. While the DOX-loaded polymeric micelles were not toxic in noncancerous HUVEC cells, being toxic only to the cancer cells indicates that it is a potential specific cell targeting strategy in the treatment of cancer.

Antioxidant Effect of Catechin Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticle

Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 2016

Flavonoids are polyphenols compounds a structural class of mainly natural and a products of secon... more Flavonoids are polyphenols compounds a structural class of mainly natural and a products of secondary metabolism of plants. Flavonoids, which can be found in herbs and trees, act as natural chemopreventives and anticancer agents [1]. As natural products, they have major importance for human life and also have a widespread effect such as antioxidant, antinflammatory, anticarcinogen, antidiabetic [2, 3]. However, bioavailability of this polyphenolic antioxidant have limited because of their high water solubility [4], low absorption, permeability, stability, slow dissolution rate, and light-induced decomposition over time in the physiological medium. In recent years, various methods have been tried to overcome the limitations of flavonoids, including its incorporation into micels and nanoparticles.

Enhancement of Antifungal Activity of Juglone (5-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) Using a Poly(<scp>d</scp>,<scp>l</scp>-lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Nanoparticle System

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Sep 19, 2016

In this study, it was aimed to synthesize and characterize juglone entrapped PLGA nanoparticle an... more In this study, it was aimed to synthesize and characterize juglone entrapped PLGA nanoparticle and compare the antifungal properties of free juglone with its PLGA nanoparticle formulation for the first time in the literature. The juglone loaded nanoparticles prepared using the oil-in-water (o-w) single-emulsion solvent evaporation method were characterized by the reaction yield (RY), encapsulation efficiency (EE), polydispersity index (PDI), particle size, zeta potential (ZP), FT-IR, in vitro release properties and evaluated their morphological features using SEM. The nanoparticle formulation had a size, RY, ZP, EE and PDI value of 212 nm, 66.91 ± 2.4 %, −16.3 ± 0.7 mV, 70.66 ± 3.1 % and 0.083 ± 0.024 respectively. In vitro release showed triphasic pattern with initial burst followed by sustained release and dormant phase over the study period, total releasing about 72.8 % after 42 days. The antifungal studies against A.flavus, C. albicans and Fusarium spp. using agar dilution and top agar dilution methods indicated that the juglone encapsulated nanoparticle was more effective than free juglone. In this study, it is showed that the top agar method which applied for the first time on the antifungal activity is more suitable for the nanoparticular system based on sustained release. So that, the PLGA nanoparticle formulations may be an important tool for application in many areas from the point of the effective and beneficial use for hydrophobic compounds such as juglone.

Synthesis of Chitosan Nanoparticles for Controlled Release of Amiodarone

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-No... more This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms

Particle size and zeta potential investigation of synthetic peptide-protein conjugates / Sentetik peptid-protein konjugatlarının parçacık boyutu ve zeta potensiyel analizi

Türk biyokimya dergisi, 2015

Objective: Synthetic peptides are not sufficiently large or complex by themselves to induce immun... more Objective: Synthetic peptides are not sufficiently large or complex by themselves to induce immune system because of their small size. Synthetic peptides are usually conjugated to different carriers such as proteins and polyelectrolytes to enhance their immunogenic properties and antigen-specific antibody production (Abs) rate. Thus, the aim of this study is synthesis of peptide-protein covalent conjugates, and size and zeta potential analysis of these conjugates. Methods: In this study, synthetic peptide antigen of the 135-161 amino acids sequence of immunogenic VP1 capsid protein of "A" type foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was covalently conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the carbodiimide method by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) at different molar ratios of peptide (γ=n Peptide /n BSA). Particle size and zeta potential analysis of peptide-protein bioconjugates have been performed by using dynamic and electrophoretic light-scattering methods. Results: The size and surface charge of bioconjugates are important factors in a synthetic peptide vaccine. Nevertheless, there virtually no research has been conducted on zeta potential and the size of peptide-protein bioconjugates detailed. Conclusion: Dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering analyses clearly demonstrated that zeta potential of the FMDV 135-161 synthetic peptide-BSA conjugates shifts to less negative potentials and particle sizes increase as the amount of peptide increased in conjugates. The data about peptide-carrier protein conjugates obtained by using these methods are very important for developing peptide-based vaccines.

An<i>In vivo</i>study: Adjuvant activity of poly-n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid on immune responses against Melanoma synthetic peptide

Bioengineered, Sep 28, 2017

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Synthesis of hesperetin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles by two different experimental design methods and biological evaluation of optimized nanoparticles

Nanotechnology, Jul 24, 2018

Hesperetin was effectively encapsulated into poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles by ... more Hesperetin was effectively encapsulated into poly (d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles by using experimental design methods. A seven-factor Plackett-Burman design was used in order to determine the major process parameters. A significant linear equation, which shows the effect of each process parameter on encapsulation efficiency was developed, and then the most effective factors were determined. Further investigation and optimization was carried out by applying the three-factor three-level Box-Behnken design. Significant second-order mathematical models were developed by regression analysis of the experimental data for both responses: encapsulation efficiency and nanoparticle size. The two step experimental design allowed the synthesis of the desired nanoparticle formulations with maximum encapsulation efficiency (80.5 ± 4.9%) and minimum particle size (260.2 ± 16.5 nm) at optimum process conditions: 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration, 5.13 water:organic phase ratio, and 3.59 ml min-1 flow rate of the emulsified solution into 0.1% PVA. Furthermore, the biological activity of these optimized nanoparticles were determined with antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity studies; results were then compared to the free hesperetin. The cytotoxicity result revealed that hesperetin and hesperetin-loaded nanoparticles were biocompatible with normal cell line L929 fibroblast cells up to 184.83 and 190.88 μg ml-1 for 24 h, and up to 133.24 and 134.80 μg ml-1 for 48 h, respectively. In the antimicrobial study, the optimized nanoparticle showed inhibition activity (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 125 μg ml-1 for Escherichia coli, and 200 μg ml-1 for Staphylococcus aureus), while the free hesperetin did not demonstrate activity in both strains (MIC value >200 μg ml-1). These in vitro results may provide useful information for the investigation of hesperetin-loaded nanoparticles in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Assessment of the Antigenotoxic Activity of Poly(<scp>d</scp>,<scp>l</scp>-lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles Loaded with Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Using the Ames <i>Salmonella</i>/Microsome Assay

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, May 25, 2018

In the present study, the antigenotoxic activity of poly(d,l-lactic- co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nan... more In the present study, the antigenotoxic activity of poly(d,l-lactic- co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was investigated in comparison to free CAPE using the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. Additionally, to elucidate the impacts of the type of solvent effect on antigenotoxic activity, the following systems were tested: CAPE in water (poor solvent), ethyl alcohol (good solvent), and PLGA NPs (unknown). The effect of the NP system on solubility was investigated for the first time by assessing the antigenotoxic potential. In this study, the CAPE/PLGA NPs were synthesized using an oil-in-water (o/w) single-emulsion solvent evaporation method with an average size of 206.2 ± 1.2 nm, ζ potential of -19.8 ± 2.5 mV, encapsulation efficiency of 87.2 ± 2.5%, and drug loading of 53.3 ± 1.8%. According to the results of the antigenotoxic activity, the highest antimutagenic activity in both applied strains was found for CAPE in ethanol, and the lowest activity was detected for CAPE in water. Our study has shown that NP systems exhibit high antigenotoxic activity, which is similar to the results of CAPE dissolved in ethanol. These results have shown that NP systems increase biological activity of hydrophobic substances by increasing their solubility and that the use of PLGA instead of organic solvents in drug production may provide an increase in their medical utility.

Quercetin-loaded nanoparticles enhance cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity on C6 glioma cells

Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, Mar 20, 2020

Quercetin (Qu) is a natural flavonoid present in many commonly consumed food items. The dietary p... more Quercetin (Qu) is a natural flavonoid present in many commonly consumed food items. The dietary phytochemical quercetin prevents tumor proliferation and is a potent therapeutic cancer agent. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and characterize quercetin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (Qu 1 NP, Qu 2 NP, and Qu 3 NP) with different size and encapsulation properties and to evaluate their in vitro activity on C6 glioma cells. Nanoparticles were synthesized by single emulsion solvent evaporation method. Then, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index and encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles were determined. Particle size of Qu 1 NP, Qu 2 NP, and Qu 3 NPs were determined as 215.2 ± 6.2, 282.3 ± 7.9, and 584.5 ± 15.2 nm respectively. Treating C6 glioma cells with all nanoparticle formulations effectively inhibited the cell proliferation. Qu 1 NPs were showed the lowest IC 50 value in 48 h with 29.9 lg/ml and achieved higher cellular uptake among other nanoparticles and Qu. Additionally, 48h treatment with Qu 1 NPs significantly decreased MDA level (14.90 nmol/mg protein) on C6 glioma cells which is related to reduced oxidative stress in cells. Findings of this study revealed that quercetin's cellular uptake and anti-oxidant activity is improved by small-sized Qu 1 NPs in C6 glioma cells.

On Regularities of Conjugation of W-1L19 Synthetic Peptide to Polyacrylic Acid Polymer Using EDC as a Cross –Binding Agent

Synthesis and Characterization of Catechin Loaded Microparticles and Their Evaluation For Antimutagenic Activity Against S. typhimurium Mutant Strains

Investigation of anti-cancer activity of hesperetin and hesperetin loaded polymeric nanoparticles on C6 glioma cells

WOS: 000437674105215

Cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of juglone: a comparison of free and nano-encapsulated form

Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju, Mar 1, 2020

Despite its evidenced beneficial herbicidal, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidan... more Despite its evidenced beneficial herbicidal, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant effects, the application of juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4,-naphthoquinone) is limited due to its low water solubility and allelopathic and toxic effects. In recent years, research has aimed to overcome these limitations by increasing its solubility and controlling its release through nanoparticular systems. This is the first study to have synthesised and characterised juglone-loaded polymeric nanoparticles and compared them with free juglone for cytotoxicity in mouse (L929 fibroblasts) and alfalfa cells and for mutagenic potential in Salmonella typhimurium TA98/100. Mouse and plant cells treated with free and nano-encapsulated juglone showed a decrease in cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner, but this effect was significantly lower with the nanoencapsulated form at lower doses. In the TA98 strain with S9, nano-encapsulated juglone did not exhibit mutagenic effects, unlike the free form. Since all results show that juglone encapsulation with polymeric nanoparticles reduced the toxic and mutagenic effects, it has a promising potential to be applied in medicine, food safety, and agriculture.

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of juglone encapsulated <scp>PLGA</scp> nanoparticles

Journal of Applied Microbiology, Nov 2, 2017

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of different process parameters which including; i... more The aim of the study was to examine the effect of different process parameters which including; initial juglone amount, initial poly(d, l-lactide co-glycolide) amount, polyvinyl alcohol volume, and polyvinyl alcohol concentration on encapsulation of juglone to poly(d, l-lactide co-glycolide) nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticle formulations were analyzed for reaction yield, encapsulation efficiency, particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, and juglone release. In conjunction with the highest encapsulation rate, the highest amount of juglone release was obtained for F4 formulation, which has 281.8 nm particle size, 0.217 polydispersity index, and -19.55 mV zeta potential. After the detailed physicochemical characterization of this formulation, the four different kinetic models were used and it was found that juglone release mechanism controlled by Fickian diffusion method. According to antimicrobial activity results, MIC values of both F4 and free juglone is higher for gram negative bacteria than gram positive bacteria. Inhibition zone diameters in the quantitative methods are found 15 and 16 mm for S. aureus, 9 and 7 mm for B. cereus, respectively for F4 and free juglone. Moreover, the MIC values for qualitative methods were found 31.5 μg/ml for two bacteria strains. It was found that the antibacterial activity of the juglone nanoparticles was higher and longer than the free juglone. Additionally, a similar antimicrobial effect with a lower juglone amount (obtained from controlled release study) indicates that nanoparticle formulation is more effective. The use of nanoparticle formulations of juglone in biological systems and applications could be more beneficial than its free form due to its toxicity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

03:09 PM Abstract No. 24 Catheter-directed gastric artery embolization with octreotide acetate loaded PLA/PLGA (poly[lactide-co-glycolide] acid) microspheres with slow sustained-release properties suppresses the plasma concentration of ghrelin, which results in weight loss

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 2019

MACE or MALE between the two treatment groups. Subgroup analyses of femoral-popliteal interventio... more MACE or MALE between the two treatment groups. Subgroup analyses of femoral-popliteal interventions demonstrated a small, but significantly decreased likelihood of untreated loss of patency in 30 days in the atherectomy and PTA group compared to the PTA alone group (1.1% vs 2.7%, respectively; p-value ¼ 0.034; OR 0.356; 95%CI 0.137-0.925), which persisted on propensity score matched analysis (1.1% vs 3.1%, respectively; p-value ¼ 0.026; OR 0.333; 95%CI 0.126-0.879). Conclusions: Atherectomy and balloon angioplasty of femoralpopliteal disease provides a small, but significant decrease in untreated loss of patency compared to balloon angioplasty alone.