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Data For India
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Data For India
@dataforin
Insights, charts and data to create shared knowledge and expand our understanding of India.
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dataforindia.com
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    Dec 17, 2024
    With over 1.3 billion people, India is now the most populous country in the world. But since the 1990s, India's population growth has been gradually slowing down. One reason behind this slowdown is the declining Total Fertility Rate (TFR), which represents the average number of
    Chart Title: India began to add fewer people each year since 2000
Description: The chart shows the observed and projected annual population change in India from 1950 to 2100, measured in millions.

Key Points:
-Between 1950 and 2000, India's annual population growth increased steadily, peaking at nearly 19.5 million people.
-After 2000, the annual population growth began to decline steadily.
-By the 2060s, the number of deaths is projected to exceed the number of births, resulting in negative annual population growth.
-By 2100, India is projected to lose around 7 million people per year, signalling long-term population decline.

Source: World Population Prospects 2022 Revision (UN Population Division)
Attribution: DataForIndia.com/population-population-growth-in-india/ | CC BY
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    Mar 7, 2025
    India exports goods and services worth $780 billion, while its imports are worth $850 billion. The total value of India's imports has consistently exceeded its exports in recent decades. A recurring pattern in India's trade, like in many other emerging economies, involves
    Chart Title: What does India export?

Description: A horizontal bar chart showing India's top five goods and services exports in US$ billion for 2023-24. The chart is divided into two sections - Goods and Services - with five categories under each section. The data is represented by navy blue bars for goods and yellow bars for services.

Key Points:
- Software Services leads all exports at $160 bn, followed by Business Services at $89 bn
- In goods, Petroleum is the largest export at $88 bn, followed by Electrical machinery at $34 bn
- The smallest export categories are Financial Services ($8 bn) and Pharma products ($22 bn) in their respective sections

Source: Ministry of Commerce, Reserve Bank of India

Attribution: DataForIndia.com/trade/ | CC BY
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    Jan 3, 2025
    Two in three children under the age of five in India were anaemic as of 2021, as well as over half of women aged 15-49 years, according to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 5th round. Not only are India's anaemia numbers high, but NFHS data also suggests that the
    Chart Title: Two-thirds of Indian children are anaemic

Description: This map shows the prevalence of anaemia among children aged 6–59 months across Indian states in 2021, based on data from the NFHS 5th Round (2019–21).

Key Points:
-Jammu and Kashmir and Gujarat have highest rates of Anaemic children, while Kerala has the lowest
-Anaemic children are those with blood haemoglobin levels <11 g/dL, as measured using the capillary method

Source: NFHS 5th Round, 2019–21, IIPS
Attribution: DataForIndia.com/anaemia-in-india/ | CC BY
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    Jun 3, 2025
    Globally, the number of deaths from malaria has remained relatively steady since the 1990s. However, India has made significant progress in reducing its share of these deaths. In 1990, India recorded around nearly 10 deaths from malaria for every 100,000 people. By 2019, India's
    Chart Title: India has made large strides in reducing malaria deaths

Description: A line graph showing the trend of annual deaths from malaria per 100,000 people in India from 1990 to 2019. The purple line shows a clear downward trend from nearly 10 deaths per 100,000 in 1990 to less than 1 death per 100,000 by 2019.

Source: Global Burden of Disease, IHME

Attribution: DataForIndia.com/malaria-in-india/ | CC BY
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    Apr 1, 2025
    India's economy is now the fifth largest in the world, and projected to become the third largest by 2027. The size of a country's economy is measured in terms of the gross domestic product (GDP). The GDP is the sum of the monetary value of everything that is produced in the
    Chart Title: Countries with GDPs similar to India have far higher per capita incomes

Description: A scatter plot comparing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) vs GDP Per Capita Income for major economies in 2022. The x-axis shows GDP ranging from $0 to $25tn, while the y-axis shows per capita income from $0 to $80,000. Countries are represented as purple dots with labels.

Key Points:

- The United States leads with the highest GDP (~$25tn) and per capita income (~$70,000)
- Despite having similar total GDP, the UK's per capita income is 20 times higher than India's
- Major European economies (Germany, France, Italy) and Japan cluster in the middle range
- India and China show large GDPs but relatively low per capita incomes

Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank

Attribution: DataForIndia.com/gdp | CC BY
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    Feb 7, 2025
    One of the most helpful ways to understand how Indians live is by looking at how much they spend in a month. This is particularly significant in India where the economy is largely informal and agricultural, making income measurement a challenge. An average Indian’s Monthly Per
    Chart Title: How does an average Indian spend their money?

Description: This horizontal dot plot compares rural and urban monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) across different non-food categories in India for 2023. The visualisation shows navy blue dots for rural spending and yellow dots for urban spending, with values in rupees displayed next to each dot.

Key Points:
-Transport shows the highest urban-rural gap, with urban spending at ₹555 versus rural at ₹285
-Consumer services and durable goods also show significant urban-rural differences
-The smallest gap is in intoxicants spending (₹157 urban vs ₹143 rural)
-Rent shows one of the starkest contrasts, with urban residents spending ₹423 compared to just ₹30 in rural areas

Source: NSS Round 79, HCES (2022-23), NSO
Attribution: DataForIndia.com/consumption-expenditure/ | CC BY
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    Jul 29, 2025
    Only four in ten Indian women participate in the labour force (people who are either working or looking for work as a share of the population), according to India's most recent labour statistics. This number is lower than in many countries at comparable levels of income and
    Chart Title: Why are men and women in India out of the labour force?

Description: A horizontal bar chart comparing the share of men and women out of the labour force in India by reason (2024).

Key Points:

- 59% of women are out of the labour force due to childcare/personal commitments in home, compared to only 1% of men
- Education is the primary reason men (57%) are out of the workforce, while only 18% of women cite this reason
- Health/age related reasons account for 37% of men and 14% of women being out of the labour force

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey 2023-2024, NSO

Attribution: DataForIndia.com/women-and-work/ | CC BY
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    Aug 1, 2025
    Meat is widely consumed in India. As of 2021, 80% of Indians aged 15-49 consumed some form of animal-sourced protein (excluding dairy)--up from 74% in 2006. The National Family Health Survey asks a representative sample of respondents if they have consumed any of the three broad
    Chart Title: In most Indian states, the majority of people eat meat

Description: A choropleth map of India showing the share of Indian adults who eat egg, fish, chicken or meat (2021). The map uses a colour gradient from light blue (lower percentages) to dark blue (higher percentages), with a scale ranging from 0% to 100%.

Key Points:

- Only three states have a vegetarian majority - Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan (shown in lightest blue)
- Most coastal states have less than 5% of the population reporting they had never eaten meat (shown in darkest blue)
- Data covers people aged 15-49, with food consumption recorded separately for men and women

Source: National Family Health Survey 5 (2019-21), IIPS

Attribution: DataForIndia.com/meat-consumption/ | CC BY
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    May 30, 2025
    Over time, India’s economy has steadily moved away from its dependence on agriculture. The services sector now accounts for over half of India’s gross domestic product (GDP) as of 2024. To varying extents, most Indian states too reflect this shift. India's richest states are the
    Chart Title: India's economy has moved away from agriculture

Description: A choropleth map of India showing the share of agricultural sector in each state's economy as of 2022, with a green colour gradient representing increasing agricultural contribution. The map includes a legend ranging from 0% to 50%.

Key Points:

- Madhya Pradesh, shown in the darkest green in central India, has the highest contribution (47%) from the agricultural sector
- States have varying levels of agricultural dependency, shown through different shades of green across the country

Source: Statistics on subnational accounts, accessed at the DBIE portal, RBI

Attribution: DataForIndia.com/state-economies/ | CC BY
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    Mar 4, 2025
    Less than 40 million young Indians (age 18-23) were enroled in higher education programmes as of 2022. This includes both undergraduate (or equivalent) and postgraduate (or equivalent) levels of study. Of the 33 million enroled in undergraduate programmes, the Arts discipline
    Chart Title: Arts attracts the most undergraduates in India
Description: A horizontal bar chart showing undergraduate enrolment by major disciplines in India for 2022, broken down by gender. The chart displays male enrolment (purple bars) on the left and female enrolment (yellow bars) on the right for six academic disciplines.

Key Points:
-Arts has the highest enrolment with 5.6 million male and 5.7 million female students, showing slightly higher female participation
-Engineering shows the largest gender gap with 2.8 million male students compared to just 1.1 million female students (highlighted as "Largest gap between genders")
-Science has relatively balanced enrolment with 2.4 million males and 2.5 million females

Source: AISHE, Department of Higher Education
Attribution: DataForIndia.com/higher-education/ | CC BY
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    Mar 28, 2025
    With over 1.3 billion people, India is the most populous country in the world. But since the 1990s, India's population growth has been gradually slowing down. One reason behind this slowdown is the declining Total Fertility Rate (TFR), the average number of children a woman is
    Chart Title: By the 2060s, India is expected to see more deaths every year than births

Description: A line graph showing observed and projected annual births and deaths in India from 1950 to 2100. The graph uses blue for births and yellow for deaths, with a shaded area indicating projections from 2023 onwards.

Key Points:

- Annual births peaked around 2000 at nearly 30 million and have been declining since then
- Deaths saw a sharp spike during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020
- The lines for births and deaths are projected to intersect around mid 2060s
- After this crossover point, India's population is expected to begin shrinking

Source: World Population Prospects, 2022 Revision (UN Population Division)

Attribution: DataForIndia.com/population-growth/ | CC BY
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    Dec 31, 2024
    During the 1970s, agriculture was the single biggest contributor to the Indian economy. About three-fourths of India's workers were engaged in agriculture, and the sector accounted for 40% of Gross Value Added to the country's economy. Since then, a lot has changed for India's
    Chart Title: The mismatch between India’s economic growth & employment

Description: This visual compares the contributions of three major economic sectors in India for 2023 in terms of Share in Gross Value Added (GVA) and Share in Employment.

-Agriculture: 18% of GVA, 46% of employment.
-Industry: 28% of GVA, 25% of employment.
-Services: 54% of GVA, 29% of employment.

This chart highlights a significant imbalance, where the agriculture sector employs the largest share of the workforce but contributes the least to economic output, while the services sector contributes the most to GVA with a smaller share of employment.

Source: NSO, Employment–Unemployment Surveys, & Periodic Labour Force Surveys, 2018–2023, NSSO
Attribution: DataForIndia.com/the-move-away-from-agriculture/ | CC BY
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    Nov 26, 2024
    In the early 2000s, less than 8/10 Indians had access to basic drinking water, lower than the world average and even our neighbours in Sri Lanka. Two decades later, nearly 95% of Indian households now have access to basic drinking water, a rate of progress that has surpassed the
    The chart depicts the primary sources of drinking water in rural Indian households from 1983 to 2023. It shows four categories: Piped water, Hand pump/tube well, Well, and Others, represented as stacked areas in different colors. The data reveals a significant increase in the share of piped water over time, though hand pumps/tube wells remain dominant. Meanwhile, the use of wells has consistently declined. The "Others" category, including tankers and rivers, constitutes a minor portion throughout the period.

The source is the National Sample Survey Rounds (NSSO), and the chart emphasizes the gradual but incomplete transition to piped water infrastructure in rural areas.
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    Data For India
    @dataforin
    Apr 15, 2025
    Measuring the ownership of physical assets--like a TV, refrigerator, or washing machine--often helps understand the economic situation of a household. The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey by the National Statistics Office does exactly that, asking Indian households if
    Chart Title: TV ownership reaches two in three Indian homes

Description: A choropleth map of India showing the share of households that own a television by state in 2024. The map uses shades of blue with darker shades indicating higher TV ownership rates, and includes a horizontal scale bar from 0% to 100%. Two callout notes highlight that nearly half the households in Rajasthan and UP do not own a television, and only a third of households in Jharkhand own a television.

Key Points:

- States in southern India show higher TV ownership rates, indicated by darker blue shading
- There is a notable north-south divide in television ownership across states

Source: Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2023-24, NSO

Attribution: DataForIndia.com/households-assets/ | CC BY
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