{"id":24660,"date":"2019-08-08T12:15:47","date_gmt":"2019-08-08T09:15:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.webcodegeeks.com\/?p=24660"},"modified":"2019-08-07T12:22:01","modified_gmt":"2019-08-07T09:22:01","slug":"power-strong-apis-json-postgres-database","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.webcodegeeks.com\/ruby\/power-strong-apis-json-postgres-database\/","title":{"rendered":"Ruby on Rails Developer Series: Power of Strong APIs using JSON and Postgres Database"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Welcome to the second of four Ruby on Rails Developer Series. In this series, the goal is to outline how to strengthen your API with Postgres, how to dockerize your project and add security layers to mitigate attacks to your application. In this article, we\u2019ll cycle through strengthening our API-based application that uses the JSON API from Active Model Serializer. Then we\u2019ll take advantage of JSON API features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Let\u2019s Begin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The goal of the project has shifted and we\u2019re now advancing our basic CRUD application into an application that allows for a user to have a to-do list. We need to be able to support showing todo cards in our iOS application \u2013 10 cards at a time specifically. So in this project, we will use paging techniques to optimize the way we fetch JSON data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Let\u2019s start by creating an Exception Handler to include in our Application Base Controller.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

This will help us take care of any record issues we may face and catch\/output the response back to the application requesting data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

app\/controllers\/concerns\/exception_handler.rb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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module ExceptionHandler<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>extend ActiveSupport::Concern<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
  <\/code>included <\/code>do<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>rescue_from ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound <\/code>do<\/code> |e|<\/code><\/div>\n
      <\/code>render json: { message: e.message }, status: 404<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>end<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
    <\/code>rescue_from ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid <\/code>do<\/code> |e|<\/code><\/div>\n
      <\/code>render json: { message: e.message }, status: 422<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>end<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>end<\/code><\/div>\n
end<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Now we can remove: Line 2 - rescue_from ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, with: :record_not_found<\/code> and the method record_not_found<\/code> from our Users Controller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We will also want to include our Exception Handler Concern in our Base Controller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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class<\/code> ApplicationController < ActionController::Base<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>protect_from_forgery with: :exception<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>include<\/code> ExceptionHandler<\/code><\/div>\n
end<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Now that we have stronger exception handlers for our controllers, we can focus on the models we need to create in order to achieve our project requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The way our logic is going to flow:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Let\u2019s begin to generate the models:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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rails g model Todo name:string slug:string priority:string completed:boolean user_id:integer <\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>invoke  active_record<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>create    db\/migrate\/20190615221743_create_todos.rb<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>create    app\/models\/todo.rb<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>invoke    test_unit<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>create      test\/models\/todo_test.rb<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>create      test\/fixtures\/todos.yml<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
rails g model Item name:string slug:string priority:string position:integer completed:boolean todo_id:integer` <\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>invoke  active_record<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>create    db\/migrate\/20190615221812_create_items.rb<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>create    app\/models\/item.rb<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>invoke    test_unit<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>create      test\/models\/item_test.rb<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>create      test\/fixtures\/items.yml<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Now let\u2019s migrate our tables into our db.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

rake db:migrate<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

And we need to add the associations to our Models:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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class<\/code> User < ActiveRecord::Base<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>has_many :todos<\/code><\/div>\n
end<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
class<\/code> Todo < ActiveRecord::Base<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>belongs_to :user<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>has_many :items<\/code><\/div>\n
end<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
class<\/code> Item < ActiveRecord::Base<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>belongs_to :todo<\/code><\/div>\n
end<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ok, where are we at now?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Seed some data in our database from ..\/db\/seeds.rb<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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# Create our user<\/code><\/div>\n
user = User.create(first_name: <\/code>'Evan'<\/code>, last_name: <\/code>'Glazer'<\/code>, email: <\/code>'evanowner@live.com'<\/code>)<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
# Each Todo has 10 Items associated with it<\/code><\/div>\n
100.times.each <\/code>do<\/code> |i|<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>todo = Todo.create(name: <\/code>\"Todo #{i}\"<\/code>, slug: <\/code>\"todo-#{i}\"<\/code>, priority: <\/code>'medium'<\/code>, completed: false, user_id: user.id)<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>10.times.each <\/code>do<\/code> |k|<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>Item.create(<\/code>\"Item #{k}\"<\/code>, slug: <\/code>\"Item-#{k}\"<\/code>, priority: <\/code>'low'<\/code>, position: j, completed: false, todo_id: todo.id)<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>end<\/code><\/div>\n
end<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Then let\u2019s run rake db:seeds<\/code> to get our data in the db.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Try It \u2013 We should be able to now access all our associations properly<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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user = User.first<\/code><\/div>\n
user.todos.first.items<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Things we will see added and changed for better practices and security measures in the next articles of this series:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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* Devise - is a flexible authentication solution <\/code>for<\/code> Rails based on Warden.<\/code><\/div>\n
* Validations to ensure the data we receive <\/code>and<\/code> create is consistent.<\/code><\/div>\n
* FriendlyId is the <\/code>\"Swiss Army bulldozer\"<\/code> of slugging <\/code>and<\/code> permalink plugins <\/code>for<\/code> Active Record. It lets you create pretty URLs <\/code>and<\/code> work with human-friendly strings <\/code>as<\/code> if<\/code> they were numeric ids.<\/code><\/div>\n
* Controller Testing<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Here we\u2019re building our TodoController<\/code> (\\app\\controllers\\api\\v1\\todos_controller.rb<\/code>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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class<\/code> API::V1::TodosController < ApplicationController<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
  <\/code>def index<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>todos = Todo.where(user_id: params[:user_id])<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>render json: todos, each_serializer: TodoSerializer, status: 200 <\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>end<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
  <\/code>def show<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>todo = Todo.find_by!(user_id: params[:user_id], id: params[:id])<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>render json: todo, each_serializer: TodoSerializer, status: 200<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>end<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
  <\/code>def create<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>todo = Todo.create!(todo_params)<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>render json: todo, each_serializer: TodoSerializer, status: 200<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>end<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
  <\/code>def destroy<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>todo = Todo.find_by!(user_id: params[:user_id, id: params[:id]]).destroy!<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>render json: todo, each_serializer: TodoSerializer, status: 200<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>end<\/code><\/div>\n
end<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Then theTodoSerializer<\/code>(\\app\\serializers\\todo_serializer.rb<\/code>) :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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class<\/code> TodoSerializer < ActiveModelSerializers::Model<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>type :todo<\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>attributes :first_name, :last_name, :email<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
  <\/code>has_many :items<\/code><\/div>\n
end<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Time to turn the page! (Just kidding)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Next, let\u2019s implement our paging technique to our controller for fetching 10 records at a time from our users\u2019 todo lists:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Install this gem: https:<\/code>\/\/github.com\/mislav\/will_paginate<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Add to Gemfile `gem <\/code>'will_paginate'<\/code>, <\/code>'~> 3.1.0'<\/code>`<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Then `bundle install`<\/code><\/div>\n
 <\/div>\n
Now we want to change our index method in our `TodosController` to paginate.<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The iOS application will need to keep track of the pages its calling and increment as the user scrolls, etc. Below is setting our per page limit to show 10 Todo lists at a time when we perform a paginated query.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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def index<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>todos = Todo.where(user_id: 1).paginate(page: 1, per_page: 10)<\/code><\/div>\n
    <\/code>render json: todos, each_serializer: TodoSerializer, status: 200 <\/code><\/div>\n
  <\/code>end<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Finish Line<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In this part of the series, we have implemented the ability for our API to show todo cards in our iOS application \u2013 10 cards at a time, specifically. We strengthened our exception handlers to properly respond to the iOS application. And added paging techniques to work within our JSON API Serializers. Now you could have built something like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\n

Published on Web Code Geeks with permission by Evan Glazer, partner at our WCG program<\/a>. See the original article here: Ruby on Rails Developer Series: Power of Strong APIs using JSON and Postgres Database<\/a><\/p>\n

Opinions expressed by Web Code Geeks contributors are their own.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Welcome to the second of four Ruby on Rails Developer Series. In this series, the goal is to outline how to strengthen your API with Postgres, how to dockerize your project and add security layers to mitigate attacks to your application. In this article, we\u2019ll cycle through strengthening our API-based application that uses the JSON …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10271,"featured_media":921,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[40,245,95],"class_list":["post-24660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ruby","tag-json","tag-postgres","tag-rails"],"yoast_head":"\nRuby on Rails Developer Series: Power of Strong APIs using JSON and Postgres Database - Web Code Geeks - 2026<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Interested to learn about Postgres Database? 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