{"id":24451,"date":"2019-04-16T12:15:22","date_gmt":"2019-04-16T09:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.webcodegeeks.com\/?p=24451"},"modified":"2019-04-15T11:53:17","modified_gmt":"2019-04-15T08:53:17","slug":"how-nodejs-processes-modules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.webcodegeeks.com\/javascript\/node-js\/how-nodejs-processes-modules\/","title":{"rendered":"How NodeJs Processes Modules?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

We all know that to execute a node application, we have to type the command. In this post, we\u2019ll see how NodeJS processes Modules. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

whereapp.jsis<\/code> the entry point to our application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But seldom do we wonder about what\u2019s happening when we type this command. How does the node magically come to take our js file and executes it? This is exactly what we\u2019ll be discussing in this article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In another article, I described how nodejs passes the js file to the V8 engine<\/a> and converts it into processor comprehensible language. There\u2019s a catch here. Node doesn\u2019t send the content of entry module(app.js) directly to V8. First, it processes this code and augments it by wrapping it inside a wrapper function as shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(function (exports, require, module, __filename, __dirname) {\n    \/\/ content of app.js\n});\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
After wrapping the code, Node passes it through V8 engine for compilation into m\/c code. So how does node accomplish that? What are the steps involved to achieve this? Let\u2019s talk about this in detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It starts with runMain<\/a> function which is bootstrap main module (analogous to C++ main() function) for node (this is not the first function to execute actually. Call stack goes like listOnTimeout -> tryOnTimeout -> ontimeOut -> Module.runMain \u2026.). When we type node app.js<\/code>, the node environment executes this main module.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
...\n...\nModule._load(process.argv[1], null, true);\n...\n...\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Hereprocess.argv[1]<\/code>corresponds to the string\"app.js\"<\/code>.  So basically node is being instructed to_load<\/code>the fileapp.js.<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
In the Module._load<\/a> function, a new Module object is created<\/a> and then this module is passed totryModuleLoadfunction<\/code> for loading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
var module = new Module(filename, parent);\n...\ntryModuleLoad(module, filename);\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
tryModuleLoad<\/a> loads the module.\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
...\nmodule.load(filename)\n...\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Module<\/a>function\u2019s load<\/a> performs a check<\/a> on the extension. If no extension is specified, it takes default extension to be .js\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
...\nvar extension = findLongestRegisteredExtension(filename);\nModule._extensions[extension](this, filename);\n...\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\nSince our file extension is.js<\/code>,Module._extension['.js']<\/code>will be called.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
var content = fs.readFileSync(filename, 'utf8');\nmodule._compile(stripBOM(content), filename);\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Following<\/a> things happens in this function.\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ Run the file contents in the correct scope or sandbox. Expose\n\/\/ the correct helper variables (require, module, exports) to the file.\n\/\/ Returns exception, if any.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Each module has exports<\/code>, require<\/code>, module<\/code>, __filename<\/code>, __dirname<\/code>and this<\/code>attached to it. this<\/code> comes as per EcmaScript standard. This<\/a> is where these properties are declared for this module. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
var dirname = path.dirname(filename);\nvar require = makeRequireFunction(this);\nvar result;\nvar exports = this.exports;\nvar thisValue = exports;\nvar module = this;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\nAnd then there is something<\/a> about wrapping the code,\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
const wrapper = Module.wrap(content);\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\nWe set to find out what Module.wrap does, which is<\/a> nothing but\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
let wrap = function(script) {\n  return Module.wrapper[0] + script + Module.wrapper[1];\n};\nconst wrapper = [\n  '(function (exports, require, module, __filename, __dirname) { ',\n  '\\n});'\n];\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
This is how our programs have access to the magic variables;exports<\/code>,;require<\/code>,module<\/code>,__filename<\/code>, and__dirname<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Now we can see how we\u2019ve got our wrapped function we talked about initially.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Then this wrapped function is compiled and executed here<\/a> withrunInThisContextde<\/code>fined in vm.jsmodule<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
compiledWrapper = vm.runInThisContext(wrapper, {\n      filename,\n      lineOffset: 0,\n      displayErrors: true,\n      importModuleDynamically: experimentalModules ? async (specifier) => {\n        if (asyncESM === undefined) lazyLoadESM();\n        const loader = await asyncESM.loaderPromise;\n        return loader.import(specifier, normalizeReferrerURL(filename));\n      } : undefined,\n});\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\nThen finally the module\u2019s compiled wrapped function object is invoked like this<\/a>, with values populated for exports, require, module, __filename and __dirname\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
result = compiledWrapper.call(thisValue, exports, require, module, filename, dirname);\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\nThis value is then finally returned<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
return result;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
I hope this would have provided you with a deep understanding of the node and the processes that happen under the loop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Keep learning!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
Published on Web Code Geeks with permission by Himansh Jain, partner at our WCG program<\/a>. See the original article here: How NodeJs Processes Modules?<\/a><\/p>\n
Opinions expressed by Web Code Geeks contributors are their own.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
We all know that to execute a node application, we have to type the command. In this post, we\u2019ll see how NodeJS processes Modules. whereapp.jsis the entry point to our application. But seldom do we wonder about what\u2019s happening when we type this command. How does the node magically come to take our js file …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12696,"featured_media":924,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-node-js"],"yoast_head":"\nHow NodeJs Processes Modules? - Web Code Geeks - 2026<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We all know that to execute a node application, we have to type the command. 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