{"id":1759,"date":"2014-12-24T13:15:42","date_gmt":"2014-12-24T11:15:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.webcodegeeks.com\/?p=1759"},"modified":"2014-12-22T14:23:19","modified_gmt":"2014-12-22T12:23:19","slug":"javascript-promises-essentials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.webcodegeeks.com\/javascript\/javascript-promises-essentials\/","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript Promises Essentials"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>JavaScript is asynchronous by definition which is what makes many server-side developers struggle initially. Many even try to avoid asynchronism as much as they can rather than to embrace it. Others end up in a callback mess. That&#8217;s where promises come into play!<\/p>\n<p>The following code is a typical piece of JavaScript code. Some async function is invoked, passing the implementation of a function callback as a hook point for processing the data once it is retrieved.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: php; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\/\/ call getData which asynchronously loads the data from somewhere\r\ngetData(function(result){\r\n    \/\/ do something meaningful with result\r\n});<\/pre>\n<p>While this example looks nice and simple, it can quickly grow into a complete mess. Assume for instance you have to fetch some data from different backend APIs for then processing them. You could write the code like this:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: php; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">getPeople(function(peopleResult){\r\n    getAddresses(function(addressResult){\r\n        \/\/ use peopleResult and addressResult for further elaboration\r\n    });\r\n});<\/pre>\n<p>The issues with this code:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>addresses<\/code> doesn&#8217;t depend on <code>people<\/code> in our example: still, they&#8217;re retrieved in sequence rather than in parallel.<\/li>\n<li>the nesting looks messy and is hard to read.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Promises can help here.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>A promise represents the eventual result of an asynchronous operation. <cite>Promises\/A+ specification (https:\/\/promisesaplus.com\/)<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>For instance take <a href=\"http:\/\/api.jquery.com\/jquery.deferred\/\">jQuery&#8217;s Promise API also known as Deferred<\/a>. The code shown before could be rewritten as:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: php; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">var people = getPeople();\r\nvar addresses = getAddresses();\r\n\r\n$.when(people, addresses).done(function(peopleResult, addressesResult){\r\n    \/\/ elaborate the data\r\n});<\/pre>\n<p>It allows to nicely flatten the otherwise nested structure of calls. Besides synchronizing different async calls, the capability of chaining is another extremely powerful concept, allowing to convert this..<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: php; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">$('#testInpt').click(function () {\r\n    firstCallBack(function (param) {\r\n       getValues(param, function (result) {\r\n           alert(result);\r\n        }); \r\n    });\r\n});<\/pre>\n<p>into this&#8230;<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: php; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">$('#testInpt').clickPromise()  \/\/ promise-returning function\r\n   .then(firstCallBack)\r\n   .then(getValues)\r\n   .then(alert);<\/pre>\n<p>Note how the result of one call is passed as argument to the next one.<\/p>\n<h2>The book<\/h2>\n<p>PacktPub just released <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1tVPjOT\">JavaScript Promises Essentials<\/a><\/strong> where Rami Sarieddine takes a deeper look at the Promise API by addressing and using promises as defined in the specification of <a href=\"http:\/\/promisesaplus.com\">Promise\/A+<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>From the book:<\/p>\n<p>If we list the properties that make promises easier to work with, they will be as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is easier to read as with the usage of cleaner method signatures<\/li>\n<li>It allows us to attach more than one callback to a single promise<\/li>\n<li>It allows for values and errors to be passed along and bubble up to the caller function<\/li>\n<li>It allows for chaining of promises<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The book covers quite everything a developer needs for adding Promises to his toolbox. Here&#8217;s an excerpt of the table of contents, just to give you an idea.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>JavaScript Promises &#8211; Why Should I Care?<\/li>\n<li>The Promise API and Its Compatibility<\/li>\n<li>Chaining of Promises<\/li>\n<li>Error Handling<\/li>\n<li>Promises in WinJS<\/li>\n<li>Putting It All Together &#8211; Promises in Action<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>After introducing the general concept of a Promise and compatibility issues, it starts to treat the nitty gritty of Promises, showcasing concepts like chaining and exception handling. It also takes a look at how they are realized in WinJS, the Microsoft&#8217;s JavaScript library for developing Windows 8 Metro applications.<\/p>\n<p><strong>My favorite part:<\/strong> when the author puts all of the concepts together at the end of the book and builds a Promise library from scratch. This really gives you the opportunity to look inside, to experience the design issues and inner workings.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>Promises should definitely be part of every developer&#8217;s toolkit. If you feel you didn&#8217;t yet grasp them, go and do some reading or even better, some walk through tutorials.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1tVPjOT\">The book<\/a> definitely covers everything you need to know, not by explaining a specific Promise library but rather by giving you the general understanding of how a Promise is intended to work. From there it&#8217;ll be quite easy to understand the various implementations in jQuery.Deferred, RSVP.js, Q.js or how they&#8217;re all being called.<\/p>\n<p><em>(Btw, once you get how promises work, you can take a look at ES6 generators ;) )<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Further links<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/1tVPjOT\">PacktPub: JavaScript Promises Essentials<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.html5rocks.com\/en\/tutorials\/es6\/promises\/\">HTML5Rocks &#8211; JavaScript Promises<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"attribution\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"reference\">Reference: <\/span><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"http:\/\/juristr.com\/blog\/2014\/11\/review-javascript-promises-essentials\/\">JavaScript Promises Essentials<\/a> from our <a href=\"http:\/\/www.webcodegeeks.com\/wcg\/\">WCG partner<\/a> Juri Strumpflohner at the <a href=\"http:\/\/juristr.com\/blog\/\">Juri Strumpflohner&#8217;s TechBlog<\/a> blog.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>JavaScript is asynchronous by definition which is what makes many server-side developers struggle initially. Many even try to avoid asynchronism as much as they can rather than to embrace it. Others end up in a callback mess. That&#8217;s where promises come into play! The following code is a typical piece of JavaScript code. Some async &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":920,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-javascript"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>JavaScript Promises Essentials - Web Code Geeks - 2026<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"JavaScript is asynchronous by definition which is what makes many server-side developers struggle initially. 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