{"id":11873,"date":"2016-04-04T16:15:54","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T13:15:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.webcodegeeks.com\/?p=11873"},"modified":"2018-01-09T09:41:35","modified_gmt":"2018-01-09T07:41:35","slug":"python-array-example","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.webcodegeeks.com\/python\/python-array-example\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Array Example"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Let&#8217;s talk about <strong>arrays<\/strong> in <strong>Python 3.4<\/strong>. Arrays are a way of grouping basic values (characters, integers, floating point numbers), they are sequence types and behave almost like lists, except that all the items in an array must be of the same type. Also, arrays are mutable, ordered and indexed.<\/p>\n<h2>1. The Basics<\/h2>\n<p>You probably know lists in Python, and arrays are pretty much the same, but with the constrained type. Another difference is that the array type is not built-in in the language, but a native module instead, called <code>array<\/code>. Let&#8217;s see a little example:<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n[ulp id=&#8217;R7QVpFMZmjosABLC&#8217;]<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><em>basic.py<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:python\">\r\nimport array\r\n\r\narr = array.array('i')\r\narr.append(1)\r\narr.append(2)\r\narr.append(3)\r\nprint(\"item in index 1: {}\".format(arr[1]))\r\narr.remove(2)\r\nprint(\"item in index 1: {}\".format(arr[1]))\r\nprint(\"index of 3: {}\".format(arr.index(3)))\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>As you see, we are importing the module <code>array<\/code>, creating one, appending three items and then printing some data. The output can be found below.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:bash\">\r\n$ python3 basic.py\r\nitem in index 1: 2\r\nitem in index 1: 3\r\nindex of 3: 1\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>That argument we are passing to the constructor of <code>array.array<\/code> (which is actually an alias for <code>ArrayType<\/code>), is the type code, that argument defines the type our array will hold. Let&#8217;s see the data types it supports:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>'i'<\/code>: Python&#8217;s <code>int<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>'b'<\/code>: Python&#8217;s bytes, which are essentially <code>int<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>'f'<\/code>: Python&#8217;s <code>float<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>'u'<\/code>: Python&#8217;s unicode character (deprecated)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These are actually just the basic types, and we will actually just talk about <code>'i'<\/code> and <code>'b'<\/code> in this example. The full list of data type codes can be found in the Python <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3.4\/library\/array.html\">documentation<\/a>, and as a memory help through <code>array.typecodes<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:python\">\r\n$ python3\r\nPython 3.4.3 (default, Oct 14 2015, 20:28:29)\r\n[GCC 4.8.4] on linux\r\nType \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\r\n&gt;&gt;&gt; import array\r\n&gt;&gt;&gt; array.typecodes # &lt;- This returns a string containing all supported type codes\r\n&#039;bBuhHiIlLqQfd&#039; # &lt;- This is the string...\r\n<\/pre>\n<h2>2. Utilities<\/h2>\n<p>Now, there are other ways of creating an array. You can instantiate one from a byte array or a list:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><em>instantiate.py<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:python\">\r\nimport array\r\n\r\nmy_int_array = array.array('i')\r\nmy_char_array = array.array('b')\r\na_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]\r\nsome_bytes = b\"some bytes\"\r\n\r\nmy_int_array.fromlist(a_list)\r\nmy_char_array.frombytes(some_bytes)\r\n\r\nprint(my_int_array)\r\nprint(my_char_array)\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Here we are defining two arrays, both of integers but one will be actually to hold ascii characters. Then we define a list of integers and a byte array, and adding them to the corresponding array. The output will look like this:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:bash\">\r\n$ python3 instantiate.py\r\narray('i', [1, 2, 3, 4])\r\narray('b', [115, 111, 109, 101, 32, 98, 121, 116, 101, 115])\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Also, as there are ways of creating arrays from lists and byte arrays, there are ways of creating lists and byte arrays from arrays. Let&#8217;s see <code>tolist<\/code> and <code>tobytes<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><em>utilities.py<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:python\">\r\nimport array\r\n\r\nmy_int_array = array.array('i')\r\nmy_char_array = array.array('b')\r\na_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]\r\nsome_bytes = \"some bytes\".encode('utf8')\r\n\r\nmy_int_array.fromlist(a_list)\r\nmy_char_array.frombytes(some_bytes)\r\n\r\nprint(my_int_array.tolist())\r\nprint(my_char_array.tobytes().decode('utf8'))\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>So, I copied the last example, but changed the print statement to print a list and a string, see:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:bash\">\r\n$ python3 utilities.py\r\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\r\nsome bytes\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Of course, many of the methods lists provide, like <code>index<\/code>, <code>pop<\/code>, <code>remove<\/code> and <code>reverse<\/code> are provided by <code>array.array<\/code> as well.<\/p>\n<h2>3. We can treat them just as lists<\/h2>\n<p>Let&#8217;s work a little bit with arrays to actually see how similar they are to lists. Let&#8217;s sort an array (let&#8217;s imagine that Python doesn&#8217;t provide a built-in function to sort), we&#8217;ll use both bubble sort and quick sort for this example:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><em>sort.py<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:bash\">\r\nimport array\r\n\r\ndef is_valid(target):\r\n    return type(target) == array.array or target.typecode != 'i'\r\n\r\ndef swap(target, a, b):\r\n    buffer = target[a]\r\n    target[a] = target[b]\r\n    target[b] = buffer\r\n\r\ndef bubble_sort(target):\r\n    if is_valid(target):\r\n        swapped = True\r\n        while swapped:\r\n            swapped = False\r\n            for i in range(0, len(target) - 1):\r\n                if target[i] &gt; target[i + 1]:\r\n                    swap(target, i, i + 1)\r\n                    swapped = True\r\n\r\ndef quick_sort(target, first=0, last=None):\r\n    if is_valid(target):\r\n        if last is None:\r\n            last = len(target) - 1\r\n        if first &lt; last:\r\n            split_point = partition(target, first, last)\r\n            quick_sort(target, first, split_point - 1)\r\n            quick_sort(target, split_point + 1, last)\r\n\r\ndef partition(target, first, last):\r\n    pivot_value = target[first]\r\n    left_mark = first + 1\r\n    right_mark = last\r\n    done = False\r\n    while not done:\r\n        while left_mark &lt;= right_mark and target[left_mark] = pivot_value and right_mark &gt;= left_mark:\r\n            right_mark -= 1\r\n        if right_mark &lt; left_mark:\r\n            done = True\r\n        else:\r\n            swap(target, left_mark, right_mark)\r\n    swap(target, first, right_mark)\r\n    return right_mark\r\n\r\nmy_array = array.array(&#039;i&#039;, [9, 5, 4, 7, 6, 8, 1, 3, 2])\r\nbubble_sort(my_array)\r\nprint(my_array)\r\n\r\nmy_array = array.array(&#039;i&#039;, [9, 5, 4, 7, 6, 8, 1, 3, 2])\r\nquick_sort(my_array)\r\nprint(my_array)\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>If you are familiar with these algorithms and the way we work with lists in Python, you&#8217;ll find that there is absolutely nothing new here, except the instantiation of the arrays and the validation we made. The output of the script:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:bash\">\r\n$ python3 sort.py\r\narray('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])\r\narray('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])\r\n<\/pre>\n<h2>4. Download the Code Project<\/h2>\n<p>This was a basic example on Python&#8217;s <code>array<\/code> module.<\/p>\n<div class=\"download\"><strong>Download<\/strong><br \/> You can download the full source code of this example here: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.webcodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/array.zip\"><strong>python-array<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Let&#8217;s talk about arrays in Python 3.4. Arrays are a way of grouping basic values (characters, integers, floating point numbers), they are sequence types and behave almost like lists, except that all the items in an array must be of the same type. Also, arrays are mutable, ordered and indexed. 1. The Basics You probably &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":109,"featured_media":1651,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[355],"class_list":["post-11873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","tag-array"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Python Array Example - Web Code Geeks - 2026<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Let&#039;s talk about arrays in Python 3.4. 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