Python String Methods

Last Updated : 14 Feb 2026

Python offers a wide range of built-in string methods in order for us to manipulate and process strings efficiently. String in Python, is an immutable data type, therefore, all of these methods return a new string, keeping the original string unchanged.

Python String Methods to Change Case

Python 'str' class offers various methods to change the case of the characters in a string. The following table shows the different methods:

S. No.	String Method	Description
1	str.upper()	This method converts all characters in the string to uppercase.
2	str.lower()	This method converts all characters in the string to lowercase.
3	str.title()	This method capitalizes the first letter of each word.
4	str.capitalize()	This method capitalizes only the first letter of the string.
5	str.swapcase()	This method swaps the uppercase letters in the string to the lowercase; and vice versa.

Let us see an example showing the implementation of these string methods in Python.

Example

# showing the use of different python string methods to change case

str_1 = str.upper("i love learning python")   # using upper() method
str_2 = str.lower("PYTHON IS FUN WITH TPOINT TECH") # using lower() method
str_3 = str.title("welcome to tpoint tech")   # using title() method
str_4 = str.capitalize("welcome to tpoint tech")  # using capitalize() method
str_5 = str.swapcase("Learning Python Feels Wonderful")  # using swapcase() method

# printing the results
print(str_1)
print(str_2)
print(str_3)
print(str_4)
print(str_5)

Compile and Run

Output:

 
I LOVE LEARNING PYTHON
python is fun with tpoint tech
Welcome To Tpoint Tech
Welcome to tpoint tech
lEARNING pYTHON fEELS wONDERFUL

Explanation:

In the above example, we have used different string methods like upper(), lower(), title(), capitalize(), and swapcase(), to change the case of the specified strings in Python.

Python String Methods to Search and Find Substrings

The 'str' class of Python also offers various methods to locate substrings in strings. The following table shows the different methods:

S. No.	String Method	Description
1	str.find(substring)	This method is used to return the index of the first occurrence of substring, or -1 if not found.
2	str.index(substring)	This method is similar to the find() method; however it raises an error if substring is not found.
3	str.rfind(substring)	This method is used to return the highest index of substring, or -1 if not found.
4	str.rindex(substring)	This method is similar to the rfind() method; however it raises an error if substring is not found.
5	str.count(substring)	This method counts the number of occurrences of substring.
6	str.startswith(prefix)	This method is used for checking if the string starts with prefix.
7	str.endswith(suffix)	This method is used to check if the string ends with suffix.

Let us see an example showing the implementation of these string methods in Python.

Example

# showing the use of different python string methods to search and find substrings

text = """
Learning Python is fun with Tpoint Tech.
Tpoint Tech offers a simple interface where students 
can have effortless experience while learning programming from basics.
With its "Execute Now" feature, you can test your code 
without installing Python in your system.

I love learning Python!
"""

index = text.find("Tpoint")       # using find() method
print(f"Index of 'Tpoint': {index}")

index = text.rfind("Tpoint")      # using rfind() method
print(f"Last index of 'Tpoint': {index}")

try:
    index = text.index("students")    # using index() method
    print(f"Index of 'students': {index}")
except ValueError:
    print("Substring 'students' not found.")

try:
    index = text.rindex("learning")   # using rindex() method
    print(f"Last index of 'learning': {index}")
except ValueError:
    print("Substring 'learning' not found.")

starts_with_tpoint = text.startswith("Tpoint") # using startswith() method
print(f"Starts with 'Tpoint': {starts_with_tpoint}")

ends_with_basics = text.endswith("basics.")   # using endswith() method
print(f"Ends with 'basics.': {ends_with_basics}")

count_tpoint = text.count("Tpoint")     # using count() method
print(f"Count of 'Tpoint': {count_tpoint}")

Compile and Run

Output:

 
Index of 'Tpoint': 29
Last index of 'Tpoint': 42
Index of 'students': 86
Last index of 'learning': 273
Starts with 'Tpoint': False
Ends with 'basics.': False
Count of 'Tpoint': 2

Explanation:

In the above example, we have used different string methods like find(), rfind(), index(), rindex(), count(), startswith(), and endswith() to relocate the substrings in the given string.

Python String Methods to Split and Join Strings

The 'str' class of Python also offers different methods that help us break and combine strings. The list of such methods is shown in the following table:

S. No.	String Method	Description
1	str.split(sep)	This method is used to split the string by sep into a list
2	str.rsplit(sep, maxsplit)	This method is used to split from the right side
3	str.partition(sep)	This method is used to split into three parts: before, sep, and after
4	str.join(iterable)	This method is used to join elements of an iterable with str as a separator

Let us see an example showing the implementation of these string methods in Python.

Example

# showing the use of different python string methods to split and join strings

# Splitting strings
text = "Learning Python is fun with Tpoint Tech."

# splitting the text by spaces
split_str = text.split()
print("Split string:", split_str)

# splitting the text by spaces, but only at the last two occurrences
rsplit_str = text.rsplit(' ', 2)
print("Right split string:", rsplit_str)

# partitioning the text at the first occurrence of "sample"
partition_str = text.partition("sample")
print("Partitioned string:", partition_str)

# joining strings
list_of_str = ["Tpoint", "Tech", "offers", "best", "tutorials", "to", "learn", "Python"]

# joining the list of strings with spaces
joined_str = " ".join(list_of_str)
print("Joined string:", joined_str)

# joining the list of strings with a comma and space
joined_str_comma = ", ".join(list_of_str)
print("Joined string with comma:", joined_str_comma)

Compile and Run

Output:

 
Split string: ['Learning', 'Python', 'is', 'fun', 'with', 'Tpoint', 'Tech.']
Right split string: ['Learning Python is fun with', 'Tpoint', 'Tech.']
Partitioned string: ('Learning Python is fun with Tpoint Tech.', '', '')
Joined string: Tpoint Tech offers best tutorials to learn Python
Joined string with comma: Tpoint, Tech, offers, best, tutorials, to, learn, Python

Explanation:

In the above example, we have used different string methods like split(), rsplit(), partition(), and join() to split and join the given string.

Python String Methods to Validate Strings

The 'str' class of Python also offers different methods that help us check whether a string contains only specific types of characters. The list of such methods is shown in the following table:

S. No.	String Method	Description
1	str.isalpha()	This method is used to return True if all characters are alphabetic
2	str.isdigit()	This method is used to return True if all characters are digits
3	str.isalnum()	This method is used to return True if all characters are alphanumeric
4	str.isspace()	This method is used to return True if all characters are spaces
5	str.islower()	This method is used to return True if all characters are lowercase
6	str.isupper()	This method is used to return True if all characters are uppercase
7	str.istitle()	This method is used to return True if the string is in title case

Let us see an example showing the implementation of these string methods in Python.

Example

# showing the use of different python string methods to validate string

# a function to validate the string
def validate_string(input_str):
  """Validates a string using various string methods."""

  # printing the results
  print(f"Given String: {input_str}")
  print(f"Is alphabetic (str.isalpha()): {input_str.isalpha()}")
  print(f"Is digit (str.isdigit()): {input_str.isdigit()}")
  print(f"Is alphanumeric (str.isalnum()): {input_str.isalnum()}")
  print(f"Is space (str.isspace()): {input_str.isspace()}")
  print(f"Is lowercase (str.islower()): {input_str.islower()}")
  print(f"Is uppercase (str.isupper()): {input_str.isupper()}")
  print(f"Is titlecase (str.istitle()): {input_str.istitle()}")
  print("-" * 30)

# main function
if __name__ == "__main__":
  
  # calling the function to validate the string
  validate_string("Welcome")
  validate_string("PYTHON")
  validate_string("Tpoint Tech")
  validate_string(" ")
  validate_string("hello friends")

Compile and Run

Output:

 
Given String: Welcome
Is alphabetic (str.isalpha()): True
Is digit (str.isdigit()): False
Is alphanumeric (str.isalnum()): True
Is space (str.isspace()): False
Is lowercase (str.islower()): False
Is uppercase (str.isupper()): False
Is titlecase (str.istitle()): True
------------------------------
Given String: PYTHON
Is alphabetic (str.isalpha()): True
Is digit (str.isdigit()): False
Is alphanumeric (str.isalnum()): True
Is space (str.isspace()): False
Is lowercase (str.islower()): False
Is uppercase (str.isupper()): True
Is titlecase (str.istitle()): False
------------------------------
Given String: Tpoint Tech
Is alphabetic (str.isalpha()): False
Is digit (str.isdigit()): False
Is alphanumeric (str.isalnum()): False
Is space (str.isspace()): False
Is lowercase (str.islower()): False
Is uppercase (str.isupper()): False
Is titlecase (str.istitle()): True
------------------------------
Given String:  
Is alphabetic (str.isalpha()): False
Is digit (str.isdigit()): False
Is alphanumeric (str.isalnum()): False
Is space (str.isspace()): True
Is lowercase (str.islower()): False
Is uppercase (str.isupper()): False
Is titlecase (str.istitle()): False
------------------------------
Given String: hello friends
Is alphabetic (str.isalpha()): False
Is digit (str.isdigit()): False
Is alphanumeric (str.isalnum()): False
Is space (str.isspace()): False
Is lowercase (str.islower()): True
Is uppercase (str.isupper()): False
Is titlecase (str.istitle()): False
------------------------------

Explanation:

In the above example, we have defined a function to validate a given string. Inside this function, we have used different string methods like isalpha(), isdigit(), isalnum(), isspace(), islower(), isupper() and istitle() to validate the string. We have tested the outputs of these methods on different examples.

Python String Methods for String Alignment and Formatting

The 'str' class of Python also offers different methods to format strings for display. The following table shows the number of string methods available for string formatting:

S. No.	String Method	Description
1	str.center(width, fillchar)	This method is used to center the string with padding.
2	str.ljust(width, fillchar)	This method is used to align the string to the left with padding.
3	str.rjust(width, fillchar)	This method is used to align the string to the right with padding.
4	str.zfill(width)	This method is used to pad the string with zeros.
5	str.format()	This method is used to format a string dynamically.
6	f"{var}"	This method is used to provide f-string formatting.

Let us see an example showing the implementation of these string methods in Python.

Example

# showing the use of different python string methods for string alignment and formatting

# Using ljust(), rjust(), and center() for alignment
text = "Tpoint"
print(text.ljust(10, '-'))  # Left-align with '-' padding
print(text.rjust(10, '-'))  # Right-align with '-' padding
print(text.center(10, '-')) # Center-align with '-' padding

# Using format() for string formatting with alignment
name = "Morgan"
age = 29
print("My name is {:10} and I am {:3} years old.".format(name, age)) # Aligned with specified width

# Using f-strings (formatted string literals) for alignment
print(f"My name is {name:10} and I am {age:3} years old.")

# Using zfill() for zero padding
number = "1243"
print(number.zfill(5))  # Pad with zeros to make it 5 characters long

# Using format() with alignment specifiers for decimal places
pi = 3.14159
print("{:.2f}".format(pi)) # Format with 2 decimal places
print("{:08.2f}".format(pi)) # Format with 2 decimal places and zero-padding up to 8 characters

# Example of alignment with custom formatting
string = "Tpoint"
print(f"{string:^15}")  # Center align the string within 15 characters
print(f"{string:<15}")  # Left align the string within 15 characters
print(f"{string:>15}")  # Right align the string within 15 characters

Compile and Run

Output:

 
Tpoint----
----Tpoint
--Tpoint--
My name is Morgan     and I am  29 years old.
My name is Morgan     and I am  29 years old.
01243
3.14
00003.14
    Tpoint     
Tpoint         
         Tpoint

Explanation:

In the above example, we have used different string methods like ljust(), rjust(), center(), zfill(), format(), and f-string on the string to align and format them.

Python String Methods for String Encoding and Decoding

The 'str' class of Python also offers different methods to convert strings into different encodings. The following table shows the number of string methods available for string encoding and decoding:

S. No.	String Method	Description
1	str.encode(encoding)	Converts string to bytes using encoding
2	bytes.decode(encoding)	Converts bytes back to string

Let us see an example showing the implementation of these string methods in Python.

Example

# showing the use of different python string methods for string encoding and decoding

# Example of encoding and decoding using UTF-8
text = "This is a sample text string with special characters like éàçüö."

# encoding the string to bytes using UTF-8
encoded_text = text.encode('utf-8')
print(f"Encoded text: {encoded_text}")

# decoding the bytes back to a string using UTF-8
decoded_text = encoded_text.decode('utf-8')
print(f"Decoded text: {decoded_text}")

# Example of encoding and decoding using ASCII
# Note: ASCII only supports a limited set of characters
try:
  text.encode('ascii')
except UnicodeEncodeError:
  print("The string contains characters that cannot be encoded using ASCII.")

# Example of using base64 encoding and decoding
import base64

# encoding the string to base64
encoded_base64 = base64.b64encode(text.encode('utf-8'))
print(f"Base64 encoded text: {encoded_base64}")

# decoding the base64 encoded string
decoded_base64 = base64.b64decode(encoded_base64).decode('utf-8')
print(f"Base64 decoded text: {decoded_base64}")

Compile and Run

Output:

 
Encoded text: b'This is a sample text string with special characters like \xc3\xa9\xc3\xa0\xc3\xa7\xc3\xbc\xc3\xb6.'
Decoded text: This is a sample text string with special characters like éàçüö.
The string contains characters that cannot be encoded using ASCII.
Base64 encoded text: b'VGhpcyBpcyBhIHNhbXBsZSB0ZXh0IHN0cmluZyB3aXRoIHNwZWNpYWwgY2hhcmFjdGVycyBsaWtlIMOpw6DDp8O8w7Yu'
Base64 decoded text: This is a sample text string with special characters like éàçüö.

Explanation:

In the above example, we have shown the use of encode() and decode() methods to encode the given text string to different encodings (like UTF-8, ASCII, and Base64) and decode them.

Complete List of String Methods in Python

The following is the complete list of String Methods available in Python for programmers to play with Strings.

S. No.	String Method	Description
1	capitalize()	This method converts the first character to uppercase.
2	casefold()	This method converts the string to lowercase (more aggressive than lower()).
3	center(width, fillchar)	This method centers the string with the given width and optional fill character.
4	count(substring, start, end)	This method counts occurrences of a substring in the string.
5	encode(encoding, errors)	This method returns an encoded version of the string.
6	endswith(suffix, start, end)	This method checks if the string ends with the given suffix.
7	expandtabs(tabsize)	This method replaces tab characters (\t) with spaces.
8	find(substring, start, end)	This method returns the index of the first occurrence of the substring (or -1 if not found).
9	format(args, *kwargs)	This method formats the string with given arguments.
10	format_map(mapping)	This method formats the string using a dictionary mapping.
11	index(substring, start, end)	This method is like find(), but raises a ValueError if the substring is not found.
12	isalnum()	This method checks if all characters are alphanumeric.
13	isalpha()	This method checks if all characters are alphabetic.
14	isascii()	This method checks if all characters are ASCII.
15	isdecimal()	This method checks if all characters are decimals.
16	isdigit()	This method checks if all characters are digits.
17	isidentifier()	This method checks if the string is a valid Python identifier.
18	islower()	This method checks if all characters are lowercase.
19	isnumeric()	This method checks if all characters are numeric.
20	isprintable()	This method checks if all characters are printable.
21	isspace()	This method checks if the string contains only whitespace.
22	istitle()	This method checks if the string follows the title case.
23	isupper()	This method checks if all characters are uppercase.
24	join(iterable)	This method joins elements of an iterable with the string as a separator.
25	ljust(width, fillchar)	This method left-justifies the string within a given width.
26	lower()	This method converts all characters to lowercase.
27	lstrip(chars)	This method removes leading whitespace or specified characters.
28	maketrans(x, y, z)	This method creates a translation table for translate().
29	partition(separator)	This method splits the string into a tuple (before separator, separator, after separator).
30	removeprefix(prefix)	This method removes the specified prefix from the string.
31	removesuffix(suffix)	This method removes the specified suffix from the string.
32	replace(old, new, count)	This method replaces the occurrences of old with new.
33	rfind(substring, start, end)	This method finds the last occurrence of a substring.
34	rindex(substring, start, end)	This method is like rfind(), but raises a ValueError if not found.
35	rjust(width, fillchar)	This method right-justifies the string within a given width.
36	rpartition(separator)	This method splits the string into a tuple from the right.
37	rsplit(separator, maxsplit)	This method splits the string from the right.
38	rstrip(chars)	This method removes trailing whitespace or specified characters.
39	split(separator, maxsplit)	This method splits the string into a list.
40	splitlines(keepends)	This method splits the string at line breaks.
41	startswith(prefix, start, end)	This method checks if the string starts with the given prefix.
42	strip(chars)	This method removes both leading and trailing whitespace or specified characters.
43	swapcase()	This method swaps uppercase characters to lowercase and vice versa.
44	title()	This method converts the first character of each word to uppercase.
45	translate(table)	This method translates the string using a given translation table.
46	upper()	This method converts all characters to uppercase.
47	zfill(width)	This method pads the string with zeros on the left.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we have learned about the various String Methods available in Python to manipulate Strings.

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Python String Methods

Python String Methods to Change Case

Example

Python String Methods to Search and Find Substrings

Example

Python String Methods to Split and Join Strings

Example

Python String Methods to Validate Strings

Example

Python String Methods for String Alignment and Formatting

Example

Python String Methods for String Encoding and Decoding

Example

Complete List of String Methods in Python

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Python String Methods

Python String Methods to Change Case

Example

Python String Methods to Search and Find Substrings

Example

Python String Methods to Split and Join Strings

Example

Python String Methods to Validate Strings

Example

Python String Methods for String Alignment and Formatting

Example

Python String Methods for String Encoding and Decoding

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Complete List of String Methods in Python

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