The C++ with class inheritance demonstrating the constructor and destructor execution flow, function/method overloading and the use of private, protected and public keywords

Compiler: Visual C++ Express Edition 2005

Compiled on Platform: Windows XP Pro SP2

Header file: Standard

Additional library: none/default

Additional project setting: Set project to be compiled as C++

Project -> your_project_name Properties -> Configuration Properties -> C/C++ -> Advanced -> Compiled As: Compiled as C++ Code (/TP)

Other info: none

To do: Demonstrating the C++ class inheritance constructor and destructor execution flow and the use of private, protected and public keywords in C++ programming

To show:How the constructor and destructor execution flow and the use of private, protected and public keywords in C++ programming for C++ class inheritance

// C++ class inheritance again. Notice the sequence of the constructor

// and destructor execution, and private, public, protected usage

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Base

{

// available for this class member functions ONLY

private:

int BaseVar;

int NewX;

int ExtraBaseVar;

// available to this and derived classes

protected:

int BaseVarOne;

// available to the derived and outside classes

public:

Base();

Base(int NewX);

~Base();

public:

int SetBaseData();

int ShowBaseData(){return BaseVar;}

int SimilarNameFunct();

};

class DerivedOne:public Base

{

// available to this class member functions ONLY

private:

int DerivedOneVar;

int ExtraDerivedVar;

// available to the derived and outside classes

public:

DerivedOne();

~DerivedOne();

// available to the derived and outside classes

public:

void SetDerivedOneData();

int ShowDerivedOneData()

{

// BaseVarOne is base class protected member

// variable, available to this derived class

return (DerivedOneVar + BaseVarOne);

}

int SimilarNameFunct();

};

// base class constructor

Base::Base()

{

BaseVar = 100;

//constructor counter

static int p;

cout<<"Invoking base class constructor #"<<p<<endl;

p++;

}

// another base class constructor

Base::Base(int)

{

// constructor counter

static int t;

cout<<"Invoking the 2nd base class constructor #"<<t<<endl;

t++;

BaseVar = NewX;

}

// base class member function

int Base::SetBaseData()

{

return NewX = 230;

}

int Base::SimilarNameFunct()

{

return ExtraBaseVar = 170;

}

// base class destructor

Base::~Base()

{

// destructor counter

static int q;

cout<<"Invoking the base class destructor #"<<q<<endl;

q++;

}

// derived class constructor

DerivedOne::DerivedOne()

{

DerivedOneVar = 200;

// this member variable is inherited from protected base class

BaseVarOne = 250;

// constructor counter

static int r;

cout<<"Invoking derived class constructor #"<<r<<endl;

r++;

}

// derived class destructor

DerivedOne::~DerivedOne()

{

// destructor counter

static int s;

cout<<"Invoking derived class destructor #"<<s<<endl;

s++;

}

void DerivedOne::SetDerivedOneData()

{}

// same member function/method name as base class

// it is valid since they are from different class

int DerivedOne::SimilarNameFunct()

{

return ExtraDerivedVar = 260;

}

void main(void)

{

// instantiate objects with class types

Base ObjOne, ObjFour;

DerivedOne ObjTwo, ObjFive;

Base ObjThree;

cout<<"\nBase class data = "<<ObjOne.ShowBaseData()<<endl;

cout<<"SimilarNameFunct() of base class = "<<ObjFour.SimilarNameFunct()<<endl;

cout<<"DerivedOne class data = "<<ObjTwo.ShowDerivedOneData()<<endl;

cout<<"SimilarNameFunct() of derived class = "<<ObjFive.SimilarNameFunct()<<endl;

cout<<"Another base class data = "<<ObjThree.SetBaseData()<<"\n\n";

return;

}

Output example:

Invoking base class constructor #0

Invoking base class constructor #1

Invoking base class constructor #2

Invoking derived class constructor #0

Invoking base class constructor #3

Invoking derived class constructor #1

Invoking base class constructor #4

Base class data = 100

SimilarNameFunct() of base class = 170

DerivedOne class data = 450

SimilarNameFunct() of derived class = 260

Another base class data = 230

Invoking the base class destructor #0

Invoking derived class destructor #0

Invoking the base class destructor #1

Invoking derived class destructor #1

Invoking the base class destructor #2

Invoking the base class destructor #3

Invoking the base class destructor #4

Press any key to continue . . .

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