{"id":4020,"date":"2019-02-21T17:15:14","date_gmt":"2019-02-21T15:15:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/?p=4020"},"modified":"2019-02-22T09:52:51","modified_gmt":"2019-02-22T07:52:51","slug":"stashing-previously-set-psql-variables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/databases\/postgresql\/stashing-previously-set-psql-variables\/","title":{"rendered":"Stashing Previously Set psql Variables"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The command-line based &#8220;PostgreSQL interactive terminal&#8221; known as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/app-psql.html\">psql<\/a> is handy for manipulating and accessing data in a PostgreSQL database. Because of its command-line nature, <a href=\"http:\/\/postgresguide.com\/utilities\/psql.html\">psql<\/a> is particularly well suited for use in scripts. One of the psql features that makes it even more useful in scripting contexts is its support for &#8220;meta-commands&#8221;. As the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/app-psql.html\">psql documentation states<\/a>, &#8220;Anything you enter in psql that begins with an unquoted backslash is a psql meta-command that&#8221; and &#8220;these commands make psql more useful for administration or scripting.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When writing psql scripts, it is often preferable to set some variables locally for the time period the script is being run, but might also be desirable to not change these variables permanently for the psql session if it&#8217;s likely that other scripts or other work will be performed from the psql session after the script&#8217;s conclusion. In this post, I will demonstrate use of psql&#8217;s <code>\\set<\/code> meta-command to temporarily store off previous settings of variables to restore these settings at the script&#8217;s conclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/docs\/current\/app-psql.html\">psql documentation<\/a> describes &#8220;a number of &#8230; variables [that] are treated specially by psql.&#8221; These &#8220;specially treated variables&#8221; are the ones that we most likely want to ensure that we set for our script&#8217;s duration only and the restore their previously set values upon script exit. The documentation describes these &#8220;specially treated variables&#8221;: &#8220;They represent certain option settings that can be changed at run time by altering the value of the variable, or in some cases represent changeable state of psql. By convention, all specially treated variables&#8217; names consist of all upper-case ASCII letters (and possibly digits and underscores). To ensure maximum compatibility in the future, avoid using such variable names for your own purposes.&#8221; Examples of these &#8220;specially treated variables&#8221; include <a href=\"http:\/\/marxsoftware.blogspot.com\/2016\/09\/psql-autocommit.html\"><code>AUTOCOMMIT<\/code><\/a>, <code>ECHO<\/code>, <a href=\"http:\/\/marxsoftware.blogspot.com\/2019\/02\/psql-backslash-commands-queries.html\"><code>ECHO_HIDDEN<\/code><\/a>, <code>PROMPT1<\/code>, <code>PROMPT2<\/code>, <code>PROMPT3<\/code>, and <code>VERBOSE<\/code>, but there are many more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For demonstration purposes, let&#8217;s suppose you want to set the <code>ECHO<\/code> variable to something other than its default (<code>none<\/code>). For our purposes, we&#8217;ll set <code>ECHO<\/code> to <code>queries<\/code>. We want to make sure, however, that we set it back to whatever it was when our script was called before leaving the script. The following simple psql logic accomplishes this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div>\n<div id=\"highlighter_719638\" class=\"syntaxhighlighter  sql\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"gutter\">\n<div class=\"line number1 index0 alt2\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"line number2 index1 alt1\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"line number3 index2 alt2\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"line number4 index3 alt1\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"line number5 index4 alt2\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"line number6 index5 alt1\">6<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"code\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"line number1 index0 alt2\"><code class=\"sql plain\">\\<\/code><code class=\"sql keyword\">set<\/code> <code class=\"sql plain\">PRIOR_ECHO :ECHO<\/code><\/div>\n<div class=\"line number2 index1 alt1\"><code class=\"sql plain\">\\<\/code><code class=\"sql keyword\">set<\/code> <code class=\"sql plain\">ECHO queries<\/code><\/div>\n<div class=\"line number3 index2 alt2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"line number4 index3 alt1\"><code class=\"sql comments\">-- Run various queries for which you want to see the query itself output before the query results ...<\/code><\/div>\n<div class=\"line number5 index4 alt2\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"line number6 index5 alt1\"><code class=\"sql plain\">\\<\/code><code class=\"sql keyword\">set<\/code> <code class=\"sql plain\">ECHO :PRIOR_ECHO<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s as simple as that to temporarily set &#8220;specially treated variables&#8221; for your script&#8217;s convenience without permanently changing the settings for the caller who might be running your script in the same psql session. The key things to remember are that the <code>\\set<\/code> meta-command is always all lowercase, the specially treated variables have names that are always all uppercase but the specially treated variable values do not need to be uppercase (and typically are not), and the values in a variable can be accessed by prefixing the variable name with a colon (<code>:<\/code>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"attribution\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Published on System Code Geeks with permission by Dustin Marx, partner at our <a href=\"\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/join-us\/scg\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SCG program<\/a>. See the original article here: <a href=\"http:\/\/marxsoftware.blogspot.com\/2019\/02\/stashing-previously-set-psql-variables.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stashing Previously Set psql Variables<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Opinions expressed by System Code Geeks contributors are their own.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The command-line based &#8220;PostgreSQL interactive terminal&#8221; known as psql is handy for manipulating and accessing data in a PostgreSQL database. Because of its command-line nature, psql is particularly well suited for use in scripts. One of the psql features that makes it even more useful in scripting contexts is its support for &#8220;meta-commands&#8221;. As the &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3990,"featured_media":198,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-postgresql"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Stashing Previously Set psql Variables - System Code Geeks - 2026<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Interested to learn about psql Variables? Check our article demonstrating the use of psql&#039;s set meta-command to temporarily store off previous settings.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/databases\/postgresql\/stashing-previously-set-psql-variables\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Stashing Previously Set psql Variables - System Code Geeks - 2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Interested to learn about psql Variables? Check our article demonstrating the use of psql&#039;s set meta-command to temporarily store off previous settings.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/databases\/postgresql\/stashing-previously-set-psql-variables\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"System Code Geeks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/systemcodegeeks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-02-21T15:15:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-02-22T07:52:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/postgresql-logo.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"150\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"150\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dustin Marx\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@systemcodegeeks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@systemcodegeeks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dustin Marx\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/databases\/postgresql\/stashing-previously-set-psql-variables\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/databases\/postgresql\/stashing-previously-set-psql-variables\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dustin Marx\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/#\/schema\/person\/09197bb4e9a891b2589891c42bf5ceb1\"},\"headline\":\"Stashing Previously Set psql Variables\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-02-21T15:15:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-02-22T07:52:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/databases\/postgresql\/stashing-previously-set-psql-variables\/\"},\"wordCount\":492,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/databases\/postgresql\/stashing-previously-set-psql-variables\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/postgresql-logo.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"PostgreSQL\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/databases\/postgresql\/stashing-previously-set-psql-variables\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/databases\/postgresql\/stashing-previously-set-psql-variables\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/databases\/postgresql\/stashing-previously-set-psql-variables\/\",\"name\":\"Stashing Previously Set psql Variables - System Code Geeks - 2026\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/databases\/postgresql\/stashing-previously-set-psql-variables\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/databases\/postgresql\/stashing-previously-set-psql-variables\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.systemcodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/postgresql-logo.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-02-21T15:15:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-02-22T07:52:51+00:00\",\"description\":\"Interested to learn about psql Variables? 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