{"id":966,"date":"2016-07-17T04:22:31","date_gmt":"2016-07-17T04:22:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sqltutorial.org\/?page_id=966"},"modified":"2025-02-04T06:38:02","modified_gmt":"2025-02-04T13:38:02","slug":"sql-substring","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-string-functions\/sql-substring\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL SUBSTRING Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the SQL <code>SUBSTRING<\/code> function to extract a substring from a string.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-the-sql-substring-function'>Introduction to the SQL SUBSTRING function <a href=\"#introduction-to-the-sql-substring-function\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-the-sql-substring-function\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to the SQL SUBSTRING function\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>SUBSTRING<\/code> function extracts a substring that starts at a specified position with a given length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>SUBSTRING<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">SUBSTRING(string, position, length)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The <code>SUBSTRING<\/code> function accepts three arguments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <code>string<\/code>&nbsp;is the string from which you want to extract the substring.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>position<\/code> is the starting position where the substring begins. The first position of the string is one (1).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>length<\/code> is the length of the substring.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>SUBSTRING()<\/code> function returns a substring. It returns <code>NULL<\/code> if any arguments (<code>string<\/code>, <code>position<\/code>, and length) are <code>NULL<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='basic-sql-substring-function-examples'>Basic SQL SUBSTRING function examples <a href=\"#basic-sql-substring-function-examples\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"basic-sql-substring-function-examples\" title=\"Anchor for Basic SQL SUBSTRING function examples\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the substring function to return a substring starting at position 1 with length 3:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SUBSTRING<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'SQLTutorial.org'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIFNVQlNUUklORygnU1FMVHV0b3JpYWwub3JnJywgMSwgMykgcmVzdWx0Ow%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"> result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------<\/span>\n SQL<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following statement uses the <code>SUBSTRING()<\/code> function to return a substring starting at position 4 with length 8:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SUBSTRING<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'SQLTutorial.org'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">8<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIFNVQlNUUklORygnU1FMVHV0b3JpYWwub3JnJywgNCwgOCkgcmVzdWx0Ow%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"> substring\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-----------<\/span>\n Tutorial\n(1 row)\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following&nbsp;statement uses the <code>SUBSTRING()<\/code> function with the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-string-functions\/sql-position\/\">POSITION<\/a><\/code> function to return the extension of the domain name sqlutorial.org:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SUBSTRING<\/span>(\n    <span class=\"hljs-string\">'SQLTutorial.org'<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">POSITION<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'.'<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IN<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">'SQLTutorial.org'<\/span>), \n    <span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>\n  ) extension;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIFNVQlNUUklORyggJ1NRTFR1dG9yaWFsLm9yZycsIFBPU0lUSU9OKCcuJyBJTiAnU1FMVHV0b3JpYWwub3JnJyksIDQgKSBleHRlbnNpb247\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"> extension\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-----------<\/span>\n .org<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>How the query works:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, find the position of the dot character (<code>.<\/code>) using the <code>POSITION()<\/code> function.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, retrieve the extension by extracting a substring from the position of the dot character (<code>.<\/code>) to the end of the domain name.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='using-the-sql-substring-function-with-table-data'>Using the SQL SUBSTRING function with table data <a href=\"#using-the-sql-substring-function-with-table-data\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"using-the-sql-substring-function-with-table-data\" title=\"Anchor for Using the SQL SUBSTRING function with table data\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ll use the following <code>employees<\/code> table in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-sample-database\/\">sample database<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"169\" height=\"273\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/employees.png\" alt=\"employees_table\" class=\"wp-image-237\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-select\/\">query<\/a> uses the <code>SUBSTRING<\/code> function to extract the first character of each employee&#8217;s first name (initial):<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">SELECT\n  first_name,\n  substring(first_name, 1, 1) initial\nFROM\n  employees\nORDER BY\n  first_name;<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIGZpcnN0X25hbWUsIHN1YnN0cmluZyhmaXJzdF9uYW1lLCAxLCAxKSBpbml0aWFsIEZST00gZW1wbG95ZWVzIE9SREVSIEJZIGZpcnN0X25hbWU7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">first_name  | initial\n-------------+---------\n Adam        | A\n Alexander   | A\n Alexander   | A\n Britney     | B\n Bruce       | B\n Charles     | C<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='using-the-substring-function-with-aggregate-functions'>Using the SUBSTRING function with aggregate functions <a href=\"#using-the-substring-function-with-aggregate-functions\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"using-the-substring-function-with-aggregate-functions\" title=\"Anchor for Using the SUBSTRING function with aggregate functions\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>SUBSTRING<\/code> function with the <code>COUNT<\/code> function to count employees by initials:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SUBSTRING<\/span>(first_name, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">initial<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">COUNT<\/span>(employee_id)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  employees\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GROUP<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">initial<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">initial<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIFNVQlNUUklORyhmaXJzdF9uYW1lLCAxLCAxKSBpbml0aWFsLCBDT1VOVChlbXBsb3llZV9pZCkgRlJPTSBlbXBsb3llZXMgR1JPVVAgQlkgaW5pdGlhbCBPUkRFUiBCWSBpbml0aWFsOw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\"> initial | count\n---------+-------\n A       |     3\n B       |     2\n C       |     1\n D       |     4\n G       |     1\n H       |     1\n I       |     2\n...<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the SQL <code>SUBSTRING()<\/code> function to extract a substring from a string.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='databases'>Databases <a href=\"#databases\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"databases\" title=\"Anchor for Databases\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-string-functions\/postgresql-substring\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PostgreSQL SUBSTRING Function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-string-functions\/mysql-substring\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MySQL SUBSTRING Function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-functions\/sqlite-substr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SQLite SUBSTR Function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.db2tutorial.com\/db2-string-functions\/db2-substring\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Db2 SUBSTRING Function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-string-functions\/oracle-substr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oracle SUBSTR Function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-string-functions\/sql-server-substring-function\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SQL Server SUBSTRING Function<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"966\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-string-functions\/sql-substring\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"SQL SUBSTRING Function\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 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