{"id":863,"date":"2016-07-14T10:14:25","date_gmt":"2016-07-14T10:14:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sqltutorial.org\/?page_id=863"},"modified":"2025-02-04T06:10:34","modified_gmt":"2025-02-04T13:10:34","slug":"sql-lower","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-string-functions\/sql-lower\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL LOWER Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the SQL <code>LOWER<\/code> function to convert a string to lowercase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-the-sql-lower-function'>Introduction to the SQL LOWER function <a href=\"#introduction-to-the-sql-lower-function\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-the-sql-lower-function\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to the SQL LOWER function\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The SQL <code>LOWER&nbsp;<\/code>function converts all the characters in a string into lowercase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>LOWER<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">LOWER(string)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>string<\/code>: The string you want to convert to all characters to lowercase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>LOWER&nbsp;<\/code>function returns a new string with all characters in the input string converted to lowercase. It returns <code>NULL<\/code> if the input string is <code>NULL<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"note\">If you want to convert all characters in a string into uppercase, you should use the&nbsp;<code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-string-functions\/sql-upper\/\">UPPER<\/a><\/code> function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='basic-sql-lower-function-example'>Basic SQL LOWER function example <a href=\"#basic-sql-lower-function-example\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"basic-sql-lower-function-example\" title=\"Anchor for Basic SQL LOWER function example\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following query uses the <code>LOWER&nbsp;<\/code>function to convert a string to lowercase:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LOWER<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'SQL Tutorial'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIExPV0VSKCdTUUwgVHV0b3JpYWwnKSByZXN1bHQ7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">    result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">--------------<\/span>\n sql tutorial<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='using-the-sql-lower-function-with-table-data'>Using the SQL LOWER function with table data <a href=\"#using-the-sql-lower-function-with-table-data\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"using-the-sql-lower-function-with-table-data\" title=\"Anchor for Using the SQL LOWER function with table data\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ll use the following <code>employees<\/code> table in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-sample-database\/\">sample database<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"169\" height=\"273\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/employees.png\" alt=\"employees table\" class=\"wp-image-237\" title=\"employees table\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-select\/\">query<\/a> uses the <span style=\"font-family: monospace;\">LOWER<\/span> function to convert the employees&#8217; first names to lowercase:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  first_name,\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">lower<\/span>(first_name) formatted_first_name\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  employees\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  first_name;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIGZpcnN0X25hbWUsIGxvd2VyKGZpcnN0X25hbWUpIGZvcm1hdHRlZF9maXJzdF9uYW1lIEZST00gZW1wbG95ZWVzIE9SREVSIEJZIGZpcnN0X25hbWU7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\"> first_name  | formatted_first_name\n-------------+----------------------\n Adam        | adam\n Alexander   | alexander\n Alexander   | alexander\n Britney     | britney\n Bruce       | bruce\n...<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following statement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-update\/\">updates<\/a> the emails of the employees to lowercase.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">UPDATE<\/span> employees \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SET<\/span> \n    email = <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LOWER<\/span>(email);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='filtering-strings-case-insensitively'>Filtering strings case-insensitively <a href=\"#filtering-strings-case-insensitively\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"filtering-strings-case-insensitively\" title=\"Anchor for Filtering strings case-insensitively\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The equal to operator compares string case-sensitively. For example, the literal string <code>Sarah<\/code> is different from &nbsp;<code>sarah<\/code> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To query data case-insensitively, you can use the <code>LOWER<\/code> function in the <code>WHERE<\/code> clause as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  employee_id,\n  first_name,\n  last_name,\n  email\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  employees\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">LOWER<\/span>(first_name) = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'sarah'<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIGVtcGxveWVlX2lkLCBmaXJzdF9uYW1lLCBsYXN0X25hbWUsIGVtYWlsIEZST00gZW1wbG95ZWVzIFdIRVJFIExPV0VSKGZpcnN0X25hbWUpID0gJ3NhcmFoJzs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\"> employee_id | first_name | last_name |           email\n-------------+------------+-----------+----------------------------\n         192 | Sarah      | Bell      | sarah.bell@sqltutorial.org<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>This query may scan the whole <code>employees<\/code> table to find the row. If the table has many rows, the query will be slow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some database systems support&nbsp;the function-based index e.g., Oracle database and PostgreSQL. To speed up the query, you can create an index based on a specific function. For example, if you create a function-based index for the <code>first_name<\/code> column, the query will use the index to find the row quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the <code>LOWER<\/code> function to convert a string into lowercase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='databases'>Databases <a href=\"#databases\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"databases\" title=\"Anchor for Databases\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-string-functions\/postgresql-lower\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PostgreSQL LOWER Function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-string-functions\/mysql-lower\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MySQL LOWER Function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-functions\/sqlite-lower\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SQLite LOWER Function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.db2tutorial.com\/db2-string-functions\/db2-lower\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Db2 LOWER Function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-string-functions\/oracle-lower\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oracle LOWER Function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-string-functions\/sql-server-lower-function\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SQL Server LOWER Function<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"863\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-string-functions\/sql-lower\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"SQL LOWER Function\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"feather feather-thumbs-up block w-full h-full\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\td=\"M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3\"\n\t\t\t\t\t><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\"> Yes <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"863\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-string-functions\/sql-lower\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"SQL LOWER Function\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-no-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\td=\"M10 15v4a3 3 0 0 0 3 3l4-9V2H5.72a2 2 0 0 0-2 1.7l-1.38 9a2 2 0 0 0 2 2.3zm7-13h2.67A2.31 2.31 0 0 1 22 4v7a2.31 2.31 0 0 1-2.33 2H17\"\n\t\t\t\t\t><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\"> No <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/header>\n\n\t<div class=\"wth-form hidden\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-form-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wth-title\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<textarea class=\"wth-message\"><\/textarea>\n\n\t\t\t<button class=\"btn btn-primary wth-btn-submit\">Send<\/button>\n\t\t\t<button class=\"btn wth-btn-cancel\">Cancel<\/button>\n\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this tutorial, you will learn how to use the SQL LOWER function to convert all characters of a string to lowercase.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1080,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-863","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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