{"id":295,"date":"2016-03-27T15:40:35","date_gmt":"2016-03-27T15:40:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sqltutorial.org\/?page_id=295"},"modified":"2025-02-08T00:55:19","modified_gmt":"2025-02-08T07:55:19","slug":"sql-minus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-minus\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL MINUS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this&nbsp;tutorial, you will learn how&nbsp;to use the SQL <code>MINUS<\/code> operator to find the difference between two <code>SELECT<\/code> statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-sql-minus-operator'>Introduction to SQL MINUS operator <a href=\"#introduction-to-sql-minus-operator\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-sql-minus-operator\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to SQL MINUS operator\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>MINUS<\/code> operator allows you to find the difference between two result sets of two <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-select\/\">SELECT<\/a><\/code> statements. Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>MINUS<\/code> operator:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  column1,\n  column2\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  table1 \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">MINUS<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  column1,\n  column2\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  table2;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The <code>MINUS<\/code> operator returns only the rows that appear in the result set of the first <code>SELECT<\/code> statement but not the second.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are the rules for using the <code>MINUS<\/code> operator:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Same number of columns<\/strong>: The <code>SELECT<\/code> statements must have the same number of columns.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Compatible data types<\/strong>: The corresponding columns in the&nbsp;<code>SELECT<\/code>&nbsp;statements must have compatible data types.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Column names<\/strong>: The column names of the result set of the second <code>SELECT<\/code> statement determines the column names of the final result set.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Order of execution<\/strong>: The&nbsp;<code>MINUS<\/code>&nbsp;operator execute each <code>SELECT<\/code>&nbsp;statement independently and then return the difference.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sorting rows in final result set<\/strong>: To sort the final result set, you place an&nbsp;<code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-order-by\/\">ORDER BY<\/a><\/code>&nbsp;clause in the second <code>SELECT<\/code> statement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='basic-sql-minus-operator-example'>Basic SQL MINUS operator example <a href=\"#basic-sql-minus-operator-example\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"basic-sql-minus-operator-example\" title=\"Anchor for Basic SQL MINUS operator example\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Suppose we have two tables <code>A<\/code> and <code>B<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Table A:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>id<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Table B:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>id<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following query uses the <code>MINUS<\/code> operator to find the rows that appear in the first <code>SELECT<\/code> but not the second one:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  a\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">MINUS<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  b\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?db=intersect&amp;q=U0VMRUNUIGlkIEZST00gYSBFWENFUFQgU0VMRUNUIGlkIEZST00gYiBPUkRFUiBCWSBpZDs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"note\">The Playground supports the <code>EXCEPT<\/code> operator which is equivalent to the <code>MINUS<\/code> operator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"> id\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">----<\/span>\n  1<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following picture illustrates how&nbsp;the <code>MINUS<\/code> operator works in this example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"572\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/SQL-MINUS.png\" alt=\"SQL MINUS Operator\" class=\"wp-image-296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/SQL-MINUS.png 572w, https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/SQL-MINUS-300x91.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 572px) 100vw, 572px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading _Gtj mod\" id='finding-employees-who-do-not-have-dependents'>Finding employees who do not have dependents <a href=\"#finding-employees-who-do-not-have-dependents\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"finding-employees-who-do-not-have-dependents\" title=\"Anchor for Finding employees who do not have dependents\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following picture shows the <code>employees<\/code> and <code>dependents<\/code> tables from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-sample-database\/\">sample database<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"495\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/employees_dependents_tables.png\" alt=\"employees_dependents_tables\" class=\"wp-image-274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/employees_dependents_tables.png 495w, https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/employees_dependents_tables-300x164.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following query uses the <code>MINUS<\/code> operator to find employees who do not have any dependents:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  employee_id\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  employees\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">MINUS<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  employee_id\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  dependents\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  employee_id;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?db=intersect&amp;q=U0VMRUNUIGVtcGxveWVlX2lkIEZST00gZW1wbG95ZWVzIEVYQ0VQVCBTRUxFQ1QgZW1wbG95ZWVfaWQgRlJPTSBkZXBlbmRlbnRzIE9SREVSIEJZIGVtcGxveWVlX2lkOw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"> employee_id\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-------------<\/span>\n         120\n         121\n         122\n         123\n         126\n         177\n         178\n         179\n         192\n         193<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use <code>MINUS<\/code> operator to find the difference between result sets of two queries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='quiz'>Quiz <a href=\"#quiz\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"quiz\" title=\"Anchor for Quiz\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n  name=\"quiz\"\n  src=\"\/quiz\/?quiz=minus\"\n  height=\"700\"\n  width=\"600\"\n  class=\"iframe\"\n><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='databases'>Databases <a href=\"#databases\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"databases\" title=\"Anchor for Databases\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-basics\/oracle-minus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oracle MINUS Operator<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"295\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-minus\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"SQL MINUS\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"feather feather-thumbs-up block w-full h-full\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path\n\t\t\t\t\t\td=\"M14 9V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3l-4 9v11h11.28a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.7l1.38-9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2.3zM7 22H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a2 2 0 0 1 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Introduction to SQL MINUS operator # The MINUS operator allows you to find the difference between two result sets of two SELECT statements. Here&#8217;s the syntax of the MINUS operator: The MINUS operator returns only [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":29,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-295","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SQL MINUS Operator<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This tutorial shows you step by step how to use the SQL MINUS operator to subtract one result set from another result set.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-minus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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