{"id":1753,"date":"2018-09-09T01:36:10","date_gmt":"2018-09-09T08:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sqltutorial.org\/?page_id=1753"},"modified":"2025-01-20T02:16:55","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T09:16:55","slug":"sql-cume_dist","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-window-functions\/sql-cume_dist\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL CUME_DIST Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to calculate cumulative distribution values of rows using the SQL <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-sql-cume_dist-function'>Introduction to SQL CUME_DIST() Function <a href=\"#introduction-to-sql-cume_dist-function\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-sql-cume_dist-function\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to SQL CUME_DIST() Function\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-window-functions\/\">window function<\/a> that calculates the cumulative distribution of value within a set of values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> function returns a value that represents the number of rows with values less than or equal to (<code>&lt;=<\/code> )the current row&#8217;s value divided by the total number of rows:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">N \/ total_rows<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this formula:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>N<\/code> is the number of rows with the value less than or equal to the current row value.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>total_rows<\/code> is the number of rows in the partition or result set being evaluated.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The return value of the <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> function has a range of the low value greater than 0 and the high value less than or equal to 1.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">0 &lt; CUME_DIST() &lt;= 1<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The repeated column values receive the same <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The syntax of the <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> function is as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">CUME_DIST() OVER (\n\tPARTITION BY expr1, expr2 ...\n\tORDER BY expr1 &#91;ASC | DESC], expr2... \n)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, the <code>PARTITION BY<\/code> clause divides the result set into partitions. If you omit the <code>PARTITION BY<\/code> clause, the function treats the whole result set as a single partition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, the <code>ORDER BY<\/code> clause sorts the rows within each partition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Third, the <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> function is applied to each sorted partition independently.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='sql-cume_dist-function-example'>SQL CUME_DIST() function example <a href=\"#sql-cume_dist-function-example\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"sql-cume_dist-function-example\" title=\"Anchor for SQL CUME_DIST() function example\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>See the following <code>employees<\/code> and <code>departments<\/code> table from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-sample-database\/\">sample database<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"451\" height=\"269\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/employees_departments_tables.png\" alt=\"Employees &amp; Departments Tables\" class=\"wp-image-1190\" title=\"Employees &amp; Departments Tables\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/employees_departments_tables.png 451w, https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/employees_departments_tables-300x179.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following statement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-views\/\">creates a view<\/a> named <code>department_headcounts<\/code> based on the <code>employees<\/code> and <code>departments<\/code> tables for the demonstration:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VIEW<\/span> department_headcounts\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n\tdepartment_name,\n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">COUNT<\/span>(employee_id) headcount\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n\temployees e\n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INNER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">JOIN<\/span> departments d\n\t\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ON<\/span> d.department_id = e.department_id\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GROUP<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> \n\te.department_id;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following statement finds the cumulative distribution values by headcount of each department:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n\tdepartment_name,\n\theadcount,\n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ROUND<\/span>(\n\t\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CUME_DIST<\/span>() <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> (\n\t\t\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> headcount\n\t\t)\n\t,<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>) cume_dist_val\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n\tdepartment_headcounts;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following shows the output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"340\" height=\"238\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/SQL-CUME_DIST-Function-Example-1.png\" alt=\"SQL CUME_DIST Function Example\" class=\"wp-image-1756\" title=\"SQL CUME_DIST Function Example\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/SQL-CUME_DIST-Function-Example-1.png 340w, https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/SQL-CUME_DIST-Function-Example-1-300x210.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In this example, departments were sorted by their number of headcounts in ascending order. The total of rows in the result set is 11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>Administration<\/code> department has one headcount. The <code>Human Resources<\/code> and <code>Public Relations<\/code> also have the same headcount as Administration. As the result, there are three departments that have one headcount. The <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> function will use the following formula to calculate the cumulative distribution values of the first row:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">3 \/ 11 = 0.27<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The same logic is applied to the second and third rows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>Marketing<\/code> department has two headcounts. The function will find other departments which have the number of&nbsp;headcounts less than or equal to 2. The result is 5. Therefore, the <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> of the <code>Marketing<\/code> department is 5 \/ 11 = 0.45<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The same logic is applied to the remaining rows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this tutorial, you have learned how to calculate the cumulative distribution of a value in a set of values using the SQL <code>CUME_DIST()<\/code> function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='databases'>Databases <a href=\"#databases\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"databases\" title=\"Anchor for Databases\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-window-functions\/postgresql-cume_dist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PostgreSQL CUME_DIST function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-analytic-functions\/oracle-cume_dist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oracle CUME_DIST function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-window-functions\/sql-server-cume_dist-function\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SQL Server CUME_DIST function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-window-functions\/mysql-cume_dist-function\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MySQL CUME_DIST function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-window-functions\/sqlite-cume_dist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SQLite CUME_DIST function<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"1753\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-window-functions\/sql-cume_dist\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"SQL CUME_DIST Function\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded 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