{"id":1709,"date":"2018-09-08T03:01:44","date_gmt":"2018-09-08T10:01:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sqltutorial.org\/?page_id=1709"},"modified":"2025-01-20T03:14:31","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T10:14:31","slug":"sql-row_number","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-window-functions\/sql-row_number\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL ROW_NUMBER Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn how to use the <code>ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> to assign a sequential number to each row in a query result set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-sql-row_number-function'>Introduction to SQL ROW_NUMBER() Function <a href=\"#introduction-to-sql-row_number-function\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-sql-row_number-function\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to SQL ROW_NUMBER() Function\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-window-functions\/\">window function<\/a> that assigns a sequential integer number to each row in the result set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">ROW_NUMBER() OVER (\n    &#91;PARTITION BY expr1, expr2,...]\n    ORDER BY expr1 &#91;ASC | DESC], expr2,...\n)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <code>PARTITION BY<\/code> clause divides the result set into partitions. The <code>PARTITION BY<\/code> clause is optional. If you omit it, the <code>ROW_NUMBER<\/code> function treats the whole result set as a single partition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>ORDER BY<\/code> clause sorts the rows in each partition. Since the <code>ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> is an order sensitive function, the <code>ORDER BY<\/code> clause is mandatory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <code>ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> function assigns a sequential integer number to each row in within each partition. It resets the row number whenever the partition boundary is crossed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='sql-row_numberfunction-examples'>SQL ROW_NUMBER()&nbsp;function examples <a href=\"#sql-row_numberfunction-examples\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"sql-row_numberfunction-examples\" title=\"Anchor for SQL ROW_NUMBER()&nbsp;function examples\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ll use the <code>employees<\/code> and <code>departments<\/code> tables from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-sample-database\/\">sample database<\/a> for the demonstration:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"451\" height=\"269\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/employees_departments_tables.png\" alt=\"Employees &amp; Departments Tables\" class=\"wp-image-1190\" title=\"Employees &amp; Departments Tables\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/employees_departments_tables.png 451w, https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/employees_departments_tables-300x179.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='basic-row_number-function-example'>Basic ROW_NUMBER() function example <a href=\"#basic-row_number-function-example\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"basic-row_number-function-example\" title=\"Anchor for Basic ROW_NUMBER() function example\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following statement retrieves the first name, last name, and salary of all employees and uses the <code>ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> function to add sequential integer number to each row.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  ROW_NUMBER() <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> (\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n      salary\n  ) row_num,\n  first_name,\n  last_name,\n  salary\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  employees;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIFJPV19OVU1CRVIoKSBPVkVSICggT1JERVIgQlkgc2FsYXJ5ICkgcm93X251bSwgZmlyc3RfbmFtZSwgbGFzdF9uYW1lLCBzYWxhcnkgRlJPTSBlbXBsb3llZXM7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following picture shows the partial result set:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"278\" height=\"323\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/SQL-ROW_NUMBER-Function-Example.png\" alt=\"SQL ROW_NUMBER Function Example\" class=\"wp-image-1710\" title=\"SQL ROW_NUMBER Function Example\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/SQL-ROW_NUMBER-Function-Example.png 278w, https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/SQL-ROW_NUMBER-Function-Example-258x300.png 258w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='using-sql-row_number-function-for-pagination'>Using SQL ROW_NUMBER() function for pagination <a href=\"#using-sql-row_number-function-for-pagination\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"using-sql-row_number-function-for-pagination\" title=\"Anchor for Using SQL ROW_NUMBER() function for pagination\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> function can be useful for for pagination. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, if you want to display all employees on a table in an application by pages, which each page has ten records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, use the <code>ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> function to assign each row a sequential integer number.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, filter rows by the requested page. The first page includes the rows starting from 1 to 10, and the second page include rows starting from 11 to 20, and so on.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The following statement returns the rows of the second page:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  *\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  (\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n      ROW_NUMBER() <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> (\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n          salary\n      ) row_num,\n      first_name,\n      last_name,\n      salary\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n      employees\n  ) t\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span>\n  row_num &gt; <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AND<\/span> row_num &lt;= <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUICogRlJPTSAoIFNFTEVDVCBST1dfTlVNQkVSKCkgT1ZFUiAoIE9SREVSIEJZIHNhbGFyeSApIHJvd19udW0sIGZpcnN0X25hbWUsIGxhc3RfbmFtZSwgc2FsYXJ5IEZST00gZW1wbG95ZWVzICkgdCBXSEVSRSByb3dfbnVtID4gMTAgQU5EIHJvd19udW0gPD0gMjA7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following picture shows the output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"267\" height=\"220\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/SQL-ROW_NUMBER-Function-Pagination-Example.png\" alt=\"SQL ROW_NUMBER Function - Pagination Example\" class=\"wp-image-1711\" title=\"SQL ROW_NUMBER Function - Pagination Example\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>You can use a common table expression (CTE) instead of the subquery:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WITH<\/span>\n  t <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> (\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n      ROW_NUMBER() <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> (\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n          salary\n      ) row_num,\n      first_name,\n      last_name,\n      salary\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n      employees\n  )\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  *\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  t\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span>\n  row_num &gt; <span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AND<\/span> row_num &lt;= <span class=\"hljs-number\">20<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='finding-the-nth-highest-value-per-group'>Finding the nth highest value per group <a href=\"#finding-the-nth-highest-value-per-group\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"finding-the-nth-highest-value-per-group\" title=\"Anchor for Finding the nth highest value per group\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example shows you how to find the employees who have the highest salary in their departments:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n    department_name,\n    first_name,\n    last_name,\n    salary\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n    (\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> \n            department_name,\n            ROW_NUMBER() <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> (\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">PARTITION<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> department_name\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> salary <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DESC<\/span>) row_num, \n            first_name, \n            last_name, \n            salary\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> \n            employees e\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INNER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">JOIN<\/span> departments d \n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ON<\/span> d.department_id = e.department_id\n    ) t\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> \n    row_num = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIGRlcGFydG1lbnRfbmFtZSwgZmlyc3RfbmFtZSwgbGFzdF9uYW1lLCBzYWxhcnkgRlJPTSAoIFNFTEVDVCBkZXBhcnRtZW50X25hbWUsIFJPV19OVU1CRVIoKSBPVkVSICggUEFSVElUSU9OIEJZIGRlcGFydG1lbnRfbmFtZSBPUkRFUiBCWSBzYWxhcnkgREVTQyApIHJvd19udW0sIGZpcnN0X25hbWUsIGxhc3RfbmFtZSwgc2FsYXJ5IEZST00gZW1wbG95ZWVzIGUgSU5ORVIgSk9JTiBkZXBhcnRtZW50cyBkIE9OIGQuZGVwYXJ0bWVudF9pZCA9IGUuZGVwYXJ0bWVudF9pZCApIHQgV0hFUkUgcm93X251bSA9IDE7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-subquery\/\">subquery<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, the <code>PARTITION BY<\/code> clause distributes the employees by departments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, the <code>ORDER BY<\/code> clause sorts the employee in each department by salary in the descending order.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Third, the <code>ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> assigns each row a sequential integer number. It resets the number when the department changes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The following shows the result set of the subquery:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"391\" height=\"820\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/SQL-ROW_NUMBER-Function-subquery.png\" alt=\"SQL ROW_NUMBER Function - subquery\" class=\"wp-image-1712\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/SQL-ROW_NUMBER-Function-subquery.png 391w, https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/SQL-ROW_NUMBER-Function-subquery-143x300.png 143w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 391px) 100vw, 391px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In the outer query, we select only the employee rows which have the <code>row_num<\/code> with the value 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is the output of the whole query:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"324\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/SQL-ROW_NUMBER-Function-find-nth-value-per-group.png\" alt=\"SQL ROW_NUMBER Function - find nth value per group\" class=\"wp-image-1713\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/SQL-ROW_NUMBER-Function-find-nth-value-per-group.png 324w, https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/SQL-ROW_NUMBER-Function-find-nth-value-per-group-300x222.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>If you change the predicate in the <code>WHERE<\/code> clause from 1 to 2, 3, and so on, you will get the employees who have the second highest salary, third highest salary, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the SQL <code>ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> function to assign a sequential integer number to each row within the same partition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='databases'>Databases <a href=\"#databases\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"databases\" title=\"Anchor for Databases\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-window-functions\/postgresql-row_number\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PostgreSQL ROW_NUMBER function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-analytic-functions\/oracle-row_number\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oracle ROW_NUMBER function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-window-functions\/sql-server-row_number-function\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SQL Server ROW_NUMBER function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mysqltutorial.org\/mysql-window-functions\/mysql-row_number-function\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MySQL ROW_NUMBER function<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-window-functions\/sqlite-row_number\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SQLite ROW_NUMBER function<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"1709\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-window-functions\/sql-row_number\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"SQL ROW_NUMBER Function\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"feather feather-thumbs-up block 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