{"id":1674,"date":"2018-07-28T21:34:17","date_gmt":"2018-07-29T04:34:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sqltutorial.org\/?page_id=1674"},"modified":"2025-02-07T20:33:39","modified_gmt":"2025-02-08T03:33:39","slug":"sql-fetch","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-fetch\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL FETCH"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the SQL <code>FETCH<\/code> clause to limit the number of rows returned by a query.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-sql-fetch-clause'>Introduction to SQL FETCH clause <a href=\"#introduction-to-sql-fetch-clause\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-sql-fetch-clause\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to SQL FETCH clause\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To limit the number of rows returned by a query, you use the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-limit\/\">LIMIT<\/a><\/code> clause. The <code>LIMIT<\/code> clause is widely supported by many database systems such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite. However, the <code>LIMIT<\/code> clause is not a part of SQL standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SQL:2008 introduced the <code>OFFSET FETCH<\/code> clause which has a similar function to the <code>LIMIT<\/code> clause. The <code>OFFSET FETCH<\/code> clause allows you to skip the first <code>N<\/code> rows in a result set before starting to return rows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>FETCH<\/code> clause:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">OFFSET rows_to_skip { ROW | ROWS }\nFETCH { FIRST | NEXT } &#91; row_count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, specify <code>rows_to_skip<\/code> in the <code>OFFSET<\/code> clause. The <code>rows_to_skip<\/code> is an integer that specifies the number of rows to skip before the query begins to return the next rows. The <code>rows_to_skip<\/code> can be zero or positive. If the <code>rows_to_skip<\/code> is greater than the number of rows in the result set, the query will return no rows. The <code>OFFSET<\/code> clause is optional. If you omit it, the query does not skip any rows.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, specify the number of rows to return (<code>row_count<\/code>) in the <code>FETCH<\/code> clause.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>ROW<\/code> and <code>ROWS<\/code>, <code>FIRST<\/code> and <code>NEXT<\/code> are synonyms, respectively. Therefore, you can use them interchangeably.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the database system may store rows in the table in an unspecified order, you should always use the <code>FETCH<\/code> clause with the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-order-by\/\">ORDER BY<\/a><\/code> clause to get consistent output.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many database systems support the <code>FETCH<\/code> clause including <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-basics\/oracle-fetch\/\">Oracle Database 12c+<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.postgresqltutorial.com\/postgresql-fetch\/\">PostgreSQL 10+<\/a>, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-basics\/sql-server-offset-fetch\/\">Microsoft SQL Server 2012+<\/a>. However, each database system implements the <code>FETCH<\/code> clause differently with some variances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In practice, you can find <code>FETCH<\/code> clause helpful for pagination. For example, if the application shows five rows per page, to retrieve rows for the second page, you can skip the first five rows and return the next five.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='sql-fetch-clause-examples'>SQL FETCH clause examples <a href=\"#sql-fetch-clause-examples\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"sql-fetch-clause-examples\" title=\"Anchor for SQL FETCH clause examples\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We will use the <code>employees<\/code> table in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-sample-database\/\">sample database<\/a> for the demonstration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"169\" height=\"273\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/employees.png\" alt=\"SQL FETCH - employees table\" class=\"wp-image-237\" title=\"SQL FETCH - employees table\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='fetching-the-first-five-employees-with-the-highest-salary'>Fetching the first five employees with the highest salary <a href=\"#fetching-the-first-five-employees-with-the-highest-salary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"fetching-the-first-five-employees-with-the-highest-salary\" title=\"Anchor for Fetching the first five employees with the highest salary\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following statement uses the <code>FETCH<\/code> clause to get the first five employees who have the highest salary:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  first_name,\n  salary\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  employees\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  salary <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DESC<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FETCH<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FIRST<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ROWS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ONLY<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIGZpcnN0X25hbWUsIHNhbGFyeSBGUk9NIGVtcGxveWVlcyBPUkRFUiBCWSBzYWxhcnkgREVTQyBGRVRDSCBGSVJTVCA1IFJPV1MgT05MWTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"> first_name |  salary\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------------+----------<\/span>\n Steven     | 24000.00\n Lex        | 17000.00\n Neena      | 17000.00\n John       | 14000.00\n Karen      | 13500.00<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>How the query works:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, the <code>ORDER BY<\/code> clause sorts the employees by salary from high to low.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, the <code>FETCH<\/code> clause returns the first five rows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='fetching-newest-employees-based-on-hired-dates'>Fetching newest employees based on hired dates <a href=\"#fetching-newest-employees-based-on-hired-dates\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"fetching-newest-employees-based-on-hired-dates\" title=\"Anchor for Fetching newest employees based on hired dates\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following query uses the <code>FETCH<\/code> clause to retrieve the three newest employees:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  first_name,\n  hire_date\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  employees\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  hire_date <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DESC<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FETCH<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FIRST<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ROWS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ONLY<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIGZpcnN0X25hbWUsIGhpcmVfZGF0ZSBGUk9NIGVtcGxveWVlcyBPUkRFUiBCWSBoaXJlX2RhdGUgREVTQyBGRVRDSCBGSVJTVCAzIFJPV1MgT05MWTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"> first_name | hire_date\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------------+------------<\/span>\n Charles    | 2000-01-04\n Luis       | 1999-12-07\n Karen      | 1999-08-10<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>How the query works:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, the <code>ORDER BY<\/code> clause sorts the employees by hired dates from latest to earliest.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, the <code>FETCH<\/code> clause returns the first three rows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='using-fetch-offset-for-pagination'>Using FETCH OFFSET for pagination <a href=\"#using-fetch-offset-for-pagination\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"using-fetch-offset-for-pagination\" title=\"Anchor for Using FETCH OFFSET for pagination\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following query fetches the next five employees after skipping the first five:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  first_name,\n  last_name,\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  employees\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  first_name,\n   last_name\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OFFSET<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ROWS<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FETCH<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NEXT<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ROWS<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ONLY<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?q=U0VMRUNUIGZpcnN0X25hbWUsIGxhc3RfbmFtZSwgRlJPTSBlbXBsb3llZXMgT1JERVIgQlkgZmlyc3RfbmFtZSwgbGFzdF9uYW1lIE9GRlNFVCA1IFJPV1MgRkVUQ0ggTkVYVCA1IFJPV1MgT05MWTs%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"> first_name | last_name\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------------+-----------<\/span>\n Charles    | Johnson\n Daniel     | Faviet\n David      | Austin\n Den        | Raphaely\n Diana      | Lorentz<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>How the query works:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, the <code>ORDER BY<\/code> clause sorts the employees by first and last names in alphabetical order.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, the <code>OFFSET<\/code> clause skips the first five rows.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Third, the <code>FETCH<\/code> clause returns the next five rows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the <code>FETCH<\/code> clause to limit the number of rows returned by a query.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use the <code>OFFSET<\/code> clause to skip <code>N<\/code> rows before starting to return the number of rows specified in the <code>FETCH<\/code> clause.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='databases'>Databases <a href=\"#databases\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"databases\" title=\"Anchor for Databases\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-fetch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PostgreSQL FETCH<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-basics\/oracle-fetch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oracle FETCH<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-basics\/sql-server-offset-fetch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SQL Server FETCH<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n  name=\"quiz\"\n  src=\"\/quiz\/?quiz=fetch\"\n  height=\"700\"\n  width=\"600\"\n  class=\"iframe\"\n><\/iframe>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div 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