{"id":1623,"date":"2018-07-22T04:07:16","date_gmt":"2018-07-22T11:07:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sqltutorial.org\/?page_id=1623"},"modified":"2025-02-14T07:38:28","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T14:38:28","slug":"sql-grouping-sets","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-grouping-sets\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL GROUPING SETS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you&#8217;ll learn how to use the SQL <code>GROUPING SETS<\/code> to group data into multiple groupings in the same query.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-the-sql-grouping-sets'>Introduction to the SQL GROUPING SETS <a href=\"#introduction-to-the-sql-grouping-sets\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-the-sql-grouping-sets\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to the SQL GROUPING SETS\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In SQL, the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-group-by\/\">GROUP BY<\/a><\/code> clause allows you to group rows into groups based on values in one or more columns. However, it only supports a <strong>single grouping<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to create <strong>multiple groupings<\/strong> within the same query, you can use the <code>GROUPING SETS<\/code> option of the <code>GROUP BY<\/code> clause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>GROUPING SETS<\/code> clause is like having multiple <code>GROUP BY<\/code> clauses within the same query.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the basic syntax of the <code>GROUP BY<\/code> clause with the <code>GROUPING SETS<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  column1,\n  column2,\n  aggregate_function (column_3)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  table_name\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GROUP<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GROUPING<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SETS<\/span> (\n      (column1, column2), \n      (column1), \n      (column2), \n      ()\n  );<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, use the <code>GROUPING SETS<\/code> to specify one or more groupings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, use a tuple to represent each grouping.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>GROUPING SETS<\/code> includes four groups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The tuple <code>(column1, column2)<\/code> is a grouping that groups the rows by <code>column1<\/code> and <code>column2<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The tuple <code>(column1)<\/code> is a grouping that groups the rows by the <code>column1<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The tuple <code>(column2)<\/code> is a grouping that groups the rows by the <code>column2<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The empty tuple <code>()<\/code> represents the <strong>grand total<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In practice, you&#8217;ll find the <code>GROUPING SETS<\/code> helpful in calculating subtotals and grand totals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='sql-grouping-sets-example'>SQL GROUPING SETS example <a href=\"#sql-grouping-sets-example\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"sql-grouping-sets-example\" title=\"Anchor for SQL GROUPING SETS example\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ll use the following <code>salary_reports <\/code>table to show how the <code>GROUPING SETS<\/code> works:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>State<\/th><th>Job<\/th><th>Salary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>California<\/td><td>IT<\/td><td>150000.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>California<\/td><td>Marketing<\/td><td>130000.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Texas<\/td><td>IT<\/td><td>100000.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Texas<\/td><td>Marketing<\/td><td>80000.00<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>SQL Script for creating the salary_reports table<\/summary><pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DROP<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">IF<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">EXISTS<\/span> salary_reports;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> salary_reports (\n  state <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">varchar<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">255<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>,\n  job <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">varchar<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">255<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>,\n  salary <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">DEC<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">11<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>)\n);\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span>\n  salary_reports (state, job, salary)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>\n  (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'California'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'IT'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">150000<\/span>),\n  (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'California'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Marketing'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">130000<\/span>),\n  (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Texas'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'IT'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">100000<\/span>),\n  (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Texas'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Marketing'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">80000<\/span>);\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  *\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  salary_reports;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre><\/details>\n\n\n\n<p>The following query uses a <code>GROUPING SETS<\/code> to calculate :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The total salary for each state.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The total salary for each job.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The salary for the combination of state and job.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grand total salary for all rows<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  state,\n  job,\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SUM<\/span>(salary) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> total_salary\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  salary_reports\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GROUP<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">GROUPING<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SETS<\/span> ((state, job), (state), (job), ())\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span>\n  state,\n  job;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/playground\/?db=salaries&amp;q=U0VMRUNUIHN0YXRlLCBqb2IsIFNVTShzYWxhcnkpIEFTIHRvdGFsX3NhbGFyeSBGUk9NIHNhbGFyeV9yZXBvcnRzIEdST1VQIEJZIEdST1VQSU5HIFNFVFMgKChzdGF0ZSwgam9iKSwgKHN0YXRlKSwgKGpvYiksICgpKSBPUkRFUiBCWSBzdGF0ZSwgam9iOw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Try it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">   state    |    job    | total_salary\n------------+-----------+--------------\n California | IT        |    150000.00\n California | Marketing |    130000.00\n California | NULL      |    280000.00\n Texas      | IT        |    100000.00\n Texas      | Marketing |     80000.00\n Texas      | NULL      |    180000.00\n NULL       | IT        |    250000.00\n NULL       | Marketing |    210000.00\n NULL       | NULL      |    460000.00<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this example, we use the <code>GROUPING SETS<\/code> to create four groupings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The grouping <code>(state, job)<\/code> groups salaries by state and job:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">   state    |    job    | total_salary\n------------+-----------+--------------\n California | IT        |    150000.00\n California | Marketing |    130000.00\n Texas      | IT        |    100000.00\n Texas      | Marketing |     80000.00<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The grouping <code>(state)<\/code> groups salaries by states:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">   state    |    job    | total_salary\n------------+-----------+--------------\n California | NULL      |    280000.00\n Texas      | NULL      |    180000.00<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The <code>job<\/code>column is <code>NULL<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The grouping<code> (job)<\/code> groups salaries by jobs:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">   state    |    job    | total_salary\n------------+-----------+--------------\n NULL       | IT        |    250000.00\n NULL       | Marketing |    210000.00<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The <code>state <\/code>column is <code>NULL<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The grouping <code>()<\/code> represents the grand total salary:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"plaintext\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"plaintext\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-plaintext\">   state    |    job    | total_salary\n------------+-----------+--------------\n NULL       | NULL      |    460000.00<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">plaintext<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">plaintext<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Both <code>state<\/code> and <code>job<\/code> columns are <code>NULL<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the SQL <code>GROUPING SETS<\/code> to group data into multiple groupings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='quiz'>Quiz <a href=\"#quiz\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"quiz\" title=\"Anchor for Quiz\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n  name=\"quiz\"\n  src=\"\/quiz\/?quiz=grouping-sets\"\n  height=\"700\"\n  width=\"600\"\n  class=\"iframe\"\n><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='databases'>Databases <a href=\"#databases\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"databases\" title=\"Anchor for Databases\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pgtutorial.com\/postgresql-tutorial\/postgresql-grouping-sets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PostgreSQL GROUPING SETS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-basics\/oracle-grouping-sets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Oracle GROUPING SETS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-basics\/sql-server-grouping-sets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SQL Server GROUPING SETS<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"1623\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.sqltutorial.org\/sql-grouping-sets\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"SQL GROUPING SETS\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded 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