{"id":4296,"date":"2024-07-27T09:57:54","date_gmt":"2024-07-27T02:57:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/?page_id=4296"},"modified":"2024-07-29T07:55:10","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T00:55:10","slug":"java-sql-server-transaction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/java-sql-server\/java-sql-server-transaction\/","title":{"rendered":"Java SQL Server: Transaction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to perform an SQL Server transaction in Java using JDBC API.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"note\">This tutorial begins where&nbsp;the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/java-sql-server\/java-sql-server-delete\/\">Deleting From a Table in Java tutorial<\/a>&nbsp;left off.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='managing-transactions-in-jdbc'>Managing transactions in JDBC <a href=\"#managing-transactions-in-jdbc\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"managing-transactions-in-jdbc\" title=\"Anchor for Managing transactions in JDBC\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In JDBC, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-basics\/sql-server-transaction\/\">transaction<\/a> is a set of database operations executed as a single unit of work. Transactions allow you to maintain data integrity and consistency, and ensure that all the database operations either complete successfully or fail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To manage transactions in JDBC, you use the methods of the <code>java.sql.Connection<\/code>&nbsp;interface:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>setAutoCommit()<\/code>&nbsp;&#8211; This method controls the auto-commit mode of the connection. The auto-commit mode is either true or false. By default, the auto-commit is true. If the auto-commit is true, JDBC treats each SQL statement as a transaction and automatically commits to the database. If the auto-commit is false, you can manage the transaction manually. In this mode, you need to call the <code>commit()<\/code> method explicitly to save your changes to the database or call <code>rollback()<\/code> method to undo them.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>commit()<\/code>&nbsp;&#8211; This method makes all changes permanent in the database. Typically, you call the <code>commit()<\/code> method after a series of successful operations to save the changes together.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>rollback()<\/code>&nbsp;&#8211; This method undoes all changes made in the current transaction by reverting the database to its previous state. In practice, you call the <code>rollback()<\/code> method if any operation fails or when you want to cancel the transaction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ll show you how to create a new order in the <code>BookStore<\/code> database that does the following within a transaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, check the inventory quantity with the order quantity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Next, insert a new row into the <code>Orders<\/code> table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Then, insert a new row into the <code>OrderDetails<\/code> table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>After that, reduce the book inventory by the order quantity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Finally, commit the transaction or roll it back if any of the above operations fail.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='setting-up-sample-data'>Setting up sample data <a href=\"#setting-up-sample-data\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"setting-up-sample-data\" title=\"Anchor for Setting up sample data\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Step 1. Launch the SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) and connect to the SQL Server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Step 2. Create a query and execute the following statements to insert data into the&nbsp;<code>Books<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>BookAuthors<\/code>, and&nbsp;<code>Inventories<\/code>&nbsp;tables:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">-- Insert books into the Books table<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> Books (Title, Publisher, ISBN, PublishedDate) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>\n(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'SQL Server Performance Tuning'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Tech Books Publishing'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'978-5432167890'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'2022-04-15'<\/span>),\n(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Inside SQL Server'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Expert Press'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'978-1987654321'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'2021-07-20'<\/span>),\n(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Pro SQL Server Administration'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Practical SQL Publishing'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'978-2122334455'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'2023-05-30'<\/span>),\n(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'SQL Server Advanced Data Management'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Pro Code Press'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'978-6677881234'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'2020-10-25'<\/span>),\n(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'SQL Server Internals: A Deep Dive'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Academic Press'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'978-5566773322'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'2022-12-15'<\/span>);\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DECLARE<\/span> @BookID1 <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">INT<\/span>, @BookID2 <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">INT<\/span>, @BookID3 <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">INT<\/span>, @BookID4 <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">INT<\/span>, @BookID5 <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">INT<\/span>;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> @BookID1 = BookID <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> Books <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> ISBN = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'978-5432167890'<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> @BookID2 = BookID <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> Books <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> ISBN = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'978-1987654321'<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> @BookID3 = BookID <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> Books <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> ISBN = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'978-2122334455'<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> @BookID4 = BookID <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> Books <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> ISBN = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'978-6677881234'<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> @BookID5 = BookID <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> Books <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> ISBN = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'978-5566773322'<\/span>;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-- Insert records into the BookAuthors table with AuthorID 2<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> BookAuthors (BookID, AuthorID)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span> (@BookID1, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>),\n       (@BookID2, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>),\n       (@BookID3, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>),\n       (@BookID4, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>),\n       (@BookID5, <span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>);\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-- Populate the Inventories table with random quantities<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> Inventories (BookID, Qty)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> BookID, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ABS<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CHECKSUM<\/span>(NEWID()) % <span class=\"hljs-number\">101<\/span>) + <span class=\"hljs-number\">100<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> Books;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-- Insert customers<\/span>\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> &#91;dbo].&#91;Customers] (FirstName, LastName, Email, PhoneNumber, Address) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>\n(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'John'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Doe'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'john.doe@gmail.com'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'123-456-7890'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'123 Elm Street, Springfield, IL 62701'<\/span>),\n(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Jane'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Smith'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'jane.smith@yahoo.com'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'234-567-8901'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'456 Oak Avenue, Metropolis, NY 10001'<\/span>),\n(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Michael'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Johnson'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'michael.johnson@hotmail.com'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'345-678-9012'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'789 Maple Road, Gotham City, NJ 07001'<\/span>),\n(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Emily'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Davis'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'emily.davis@outlook.com'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'456-789-0123'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'321 Pine Lane, Smallville, KS 67501'<\/span>),\n(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'David'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'Williams'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'david.williams@test.com'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'567-890-1234'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'654 Cedar Blvd, Star City, CA 90210'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='performing-a-transaction'>Performing a transaction <a href=\"#performing-a-transaction\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"performing-a-transaction\" title=\"Anchor for Performing a transaction\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Step 1. Create a new file <code>OrderDB<\/code> that stores the <code>OrderDB<\/code> class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Step 2. Define the <code>OrderDB<\/code> class that handles order tasks:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> java.sql.PreparedStatement;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> java.sql.SQLException;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> java.time.LocalDate;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> java.sql.Date;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> java.sql.Connection;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">OrderDB<\/span> <\/span>{\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">final<\/span> Connection connection;\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">OrderDB<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(Connection connection)<\/span> <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">this<\/span>.connection = connection;\n    }\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">create<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> customerId, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> bookId, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> quantity, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">double<\/span> price, LocalDate orderDate)<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> DBException <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> {\n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Begin transaction<\/span>\n            connection.setAutoCommit(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">false<\/span>);\n\n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Check inventory<\/span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> currentQty = getInventoryQuantity(bookId);\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> (currentQty &lt; quantity) {\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Insufficient inventory\"<\/span>);\n            }\n\n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Insert into Orders and get the generated order ID<\/span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> orderId = insertOrder(customerId, quantity, price, orderDate);\n\n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Insert into OrderDetails<\/span>\n            insertOrderDetails(orderId, bookId, quantity, price);\n\n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Update inventory<\/span>\n            updateInventory(quantity, bookId);\n\n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Commit the transaction<\/span>\n            connection.commit();\n        } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">catch<\/span> (SQLException e) {\n            rollbackTransaction();\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Database error: \"<\/span> + e.getMessage());\n        } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">finally<\/span> {\n            setAutoCommitTrue();\n        }\n    }\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">getInventoryQuantity<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> bookId)<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> SQLException, DBException <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"SELECT Qty FROM Inventories WHERE BookId = ?\"<\/span>;\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> stmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {\n            stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, bookId);\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> rs = stmt.executeQuery()) {\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> (rs.next()) {\n                    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> rs.getInt(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Qty\"<\/span>);\n                } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span> {\n                    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Book not found in inventory\"<\/span>);\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insertOrder<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> customerId, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> quantity, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">double<\/span> price, LocalDate orderDate)<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> SQLException, DBException <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"INSERT INTO Orders (OrderDate, CustomerId, TotalAmount) VALUES (?, ?, ?)\"<\/span>;\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> stmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql, PreparedStatement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS)) {\n            stmt.setDate(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, Date.valueOf(orderDate));\n            stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, customerId);\n            stmt.setDouble(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, price * quantity);\n            stmt.executeUpdate();\n\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> rs = stmt.getGeneratedKeys()) {\n                <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> (rs.next()) {\n                    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> rs.getInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>);\n                } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span> {\n                    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Failed to retrieve order ID.\"<\/span>);\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insertOrderDetails<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> orderId, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> bookId, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> quantity, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">double<\/span> price)<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> SQLException <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"INSERT INTO OrderDetails (OrderId, BookId, Quantity, Price) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)\"<\/span>;\n\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> stmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {\n            stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, orderId);\n            stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, bookId);\n            stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, quantity);\n            stmt.setDouble(<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, price);\n            stmt.executeUpdate();\n        }\n    }\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">updateInventory<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> quantity, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> bookId)<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> SQLException <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"UPDATE Inventories SET Qty = Qty - ? WHERE BookId = ?\"<\/span>;\n\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> stmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {\n            stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, quantity);\n            stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, bookId);\n            stmt.executeUpdate();\n        }\n    }\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">rollbackTransaction<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">()<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> DBException <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> {\n            connection.rollback();\n        } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">catch<\/span> (SQLException e) {\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Error rolling back transaction: \"<\/span> + e.getMessage());\n        }\n    }\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">setAutoCommitTrue<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">()<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> DBException <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> {\n            connection.setAutoCommit(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">true<\/span>);\n        } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">catch<\/span> (SQLException e) {\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Error setting auto-commit: \"<\/span> + e.getMessage());\n        }\n    }\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>How it works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, define a private property <code>connection<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">final<\/span> Connection connection;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Second, initialize the <code>connection<\/code> property with the argument in the constructor of the <code>OrderDB<\/code> class:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">OrderDB<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(Connection connection)<\/span> <\/span>{\n   <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">this<\/span>.connection = connection;\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Third, define a public method <code>createOrder<\/code> that creates a new order:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">create<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> customerId, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> bookId, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> orderQty, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">double<\/span> bookPrice, LocalDate orderDate)<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> DBException <\/span>{\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> {\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Begin transaction<\/span>\n    connection.setAutoCommit(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">false<\/span>);\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Check inventory<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> inventoryQty = getInventoryQuantity(bookId);\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> (inventoryQty &lt; orderQty) {\n      <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Insufficient inventory\"<\/span>);\n    }\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Insert into Orders and get the generated order ID<\/span>\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> orderId = insertOrder(customerId, orderQty, bookPrice, orderDate);\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Insert into OrderDetails<\/span>\n    insertOrderDetails(orderId, bookId, orderQty, bookPrice);\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Update inventory<\/span>\n    updateInventory(orderQty, bookId);\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Commit the transaction<\/span>\n    connection.commit();\n  } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">catch<\/span>(SQLException e) {\n    rollbackTransaction();\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Database error: \"<\/span> + e.getMessage());\n  } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">finally<\/span> {\n    setAutoCommitTrue();\n  }\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>How it works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, define a <code>createOrder<\/code> method that creates an order for a <code>customerId<\/code>, <code>bookId<\/code>, quantity, price, and order date:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">create<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> customerId, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> bookId, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> orderQty, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">double<\/span> bookPrice, LocalDate orderDate)<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> DBException <\/span>{<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The method throws a <code>DBException<\/code> if any error occurs during creating the order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, set the auto-commit to false to start the transaction:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\">connection.setAutoCommit(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">false<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>When you set the auto-commit mode to false, changes you made to the database are not permanent until you commit the transaction. By default, the auto-commit is set to true. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Third, check whether the inventory is higher than the order quantity by calling the <code>getInventoryQuantity<\/code>( )  and compare the inventory quantity with the order quantity. If the inventory is less than the order quantity, throw a <code>DBException<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> inventoryQty = getInventoryQuantity(bookId);\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> (inventoryQty &lt; orderQty) {\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Insufficient inventory\"<\/span>);\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Fourth, insert a new order and get the inserted order ID by calling the <code>insertOrder<\/code> method.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> orderId = insertOrder(customerId, orderQty, bookPrice, orderDate);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Fifth, use the <code>orderId<\/code> to insert a new row into the <code>OrderDetails<\/code> table by calling the <code>insert<code>OrderDetails<\/code>()<\/code> method:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\">insertOrderDetails(orderId, bookId, orderQty, bookPrice);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Sixth, update the inventory by calling the <code>updateInventory()<\/code> method:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\">updateInventory(orderQty, bookId);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Seventh, apply the changes to the database by calling the <code>commit()<\/code> method of the Connection object:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-12\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\">connection.commit();<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-12\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Eighth, roll back the transaction if any <code>SQLException<\/code> occurs by calling the <code>rollbackTransaction()<\/code> method:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-13\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\">} <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">catch<\/span>(SQLException e) {\n  rollbackTransaction();\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Database error: \"<\/span> + e.getMessage());\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-13\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Finally, set the auto-commit back to true in the <code>finally<\/code> block:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-14\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">finally<\/span> {\n  setAutoCommitTrue();\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-14\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Step 3. Define the private method <code>getInventoryQuantity()<\/code> that gets the inventory quantity of a book specified by book ID:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-15\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">getInventoryQuantity<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> bookId)<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> SQLException, DBException <\/span>{\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"SELECT Qty FROM Inventories WHERE BookId = ?\"<\/span>;\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> stmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {\n    stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, bookId);\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> rs = stmt.executeQuery()) {\n      <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> (rs.next()) {\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> rs.getInt(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Qty\"<\/span>);\n      } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span> {\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Book not found in inventory\"<\/span>);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-15\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Step 4. Define the private method <code>insertOrder()<\/code> that inserts a new row into the <code>Orders<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-16\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insertOrder<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> customerId, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> quantity, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">double<\/span> price, LocalDate orderDate)<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> SQLException, DBException <\/span>{\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"INSERT INTO Orders (OrderDate, CustomerId, TotalAmount) VALUES (?, ?, ?)\"<\/span>;\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> stmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql, PreparedStatement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS)) {\n    stmt.setDate(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, Date.valueOf(orderDate));\n    stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, customerId);\n    stmt.setDouble(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, price * quantity);\n    stmt.executeUpdate();\n\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> rs = stmt.getGeneratedKeys()) {\n      <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">if<\/span> (rs.next()) {\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">return<\/span> rs.getInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>);\n      } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">else<\/span> {\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Failed to retrieve order ID.\"<\/span>);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-16\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The <code>insertOrder()<\/code> method returns the generated ID of the inserted row.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Step 5. Define the private method insert<code>OrderDetails<\/code> that inserts a new row into the <code>OrderDetails<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-17\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">insertOrderDetails<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> orderId, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> bookId, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> quantity, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">double<\/span> price)<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> SQLException <\/span>{\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"INSERT INTO OrderDetails (OrderId, BookId, Quantity, Price) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)\"<\/span>;\n\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> stmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {\n    stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, orderId);\n    stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, bookId);\n    stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>, quantity);\n    stmt.setDouble(<span class=\"hljs-number\">4<\/span>, price);\n    stmt.executeUpdate();\n  }\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-17\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Step 6. Define the <code>updateInventory()<\/code> method that updates the inventory quantity by reducing it by the order quantity:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-18\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">updateInventory<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> quantity, <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">int<\/span> bookId)<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> SQLException <\/span>{\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> sql = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"UPDATE Inventories SET Qty = Qty - ? WHERE BookId = ?\"<\/span>;\n\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> stmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {\n    stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>, quantity);\n    stmt.setInt(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2<\/span>, bookId);\n    stmt.executeUpdate();\n  }\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-18\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Step 7. Define the <code>rollbackTransaction()<\/code> method that rolls back a transaction by calling <code>rollback()<\/code> method of the Connection object:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-19\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">rollbackTransaction<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">()<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> DBException <\/span>{\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> {\n    connection.rollback();\n  } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">catch<\/span>(SQLException e) {\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Error rolling back transaction: \"<\/span> + e.getMessage());\n  }\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-19\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Step 8. Define the private method <code>setAutoCommit<\/code>True to set the auto-commit mode back to true by calling the <code>setAutoCommit<\/code> method of the Connection object:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-20\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">private<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">setAutoCommitTrue<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">()<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throws<\/span> DBException <\/span>{\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> {\n    connection.setAutoCommit(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">true<\/span>);\n  } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">catch<\/span>(SQLException e) {\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">throw<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> DBException(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"Error setting auto-commit: \"<\/span> + e.getMessage());\n  }\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-20\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Step 9. Modify the <code>main()<\/code> method of the <code>Main<\/code> class to use the <code>create()<\/code> method of the <code>OrderDB<\/code> class:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-21\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> java.sql.SQLException;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">import<\/span> java.time.LocalDate;\n\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">Main<\/span> <\/span>{\n    <span class=\"hljs-function\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">public<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">static<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-title\">main<\/span><span class=\"hljs-params\">(String&#91;] args)<\/span> <\/span>{\n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> connection = SQLServerConnection.connect()) {\n            <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/<\/span>\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> orderDB = <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> OrderDB(connection);\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> customerId = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>;\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> bookId = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>;\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> orderQty = <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>;\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> bookPrice = <span class=\"hljs-number\">29.99<\/span>;\n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> orderDate = LocalDate.of(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2024<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-number\">27<\/span>);\n\n            orderDB.create(customerId, bookId,orderQty, bookPrice,orderDate );\n\n        } <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">catch<\/span> (SQLException | DBException e) {\n            System.err.println(e.getMessage());\n        }\n    }\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-21\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>How it works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, connect to the SQL Server:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-22\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">try<\/span> (<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> connection = SQLServerConnection.connect()) {<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-22\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Next, create a new <code>OrderDB<\/code> object:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-23\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> orderDB = <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">new<\/span> OrderDB(connection);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-23\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Then, initialize variables that store the order data:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-24\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> customerId = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> bookId = <span class=\"hljs-number\">1<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> orderQty = <span class=\"hljs-number\">5<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> bookPrice = <span class=\"hljs-number\">29.99<\/span>;\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var<\/span> orderDate = LocalDate.of(<span class=\"hljs-number\">2024<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">7<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-number\">27<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-24\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>After that, call the <code>create()<\/code> method of the <code>OrderDB<\/code> object to create a new order:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-25\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\">orderDB.create(customerId, bookId,orderQty, bookPrice,orderDate );<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-25\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Finally, display the error message if any exception occurs:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-26\" data-shcb-language-name=\"Java\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"java\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-java\">} <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">catch<\/span>(SQLException | DBException e) {\n  System.err.println(e.getMessage());\n}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-26\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">Java<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">java<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='download-the-project-source-code'>Download the project source code <a href=\"#download-the-project-source-code\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"download-the-project-source-code\" title=\"Anchor for Download the project source code\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/java-transaction.zip\">Download the project source code<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='summary'>Summary <a href=\"#summary\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary\" title=\"Anchor for Summary\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use <code>setAutoCommit<\/code>, commit, and rollback methods of the Connection object to manage transactions in JDBC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Call the <code>setAutoCommit<\/code>(true) method to start a transaction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Call the <code>commit()<\/code> method to make permanent changes to the database.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Call the <code>rollback()<\/code> metthod to undo the changes within a transaction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"4296\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/java-sql-server\/java-sql-server-transaction\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"Java SQL Server: Transaction\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded 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