{"id":1810,"date":"2019-04-21T18:21:36","date_gmt":"2019-04-21T11:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/?page_id=1810"},"modified":"2020-04-11T20:12:22","modified_gmt":"2020-04-11T13:12:22","slug":"sql-server-indexes-on-computed-columns","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-indexes\/sql-server-indexes-on-computed-columns\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL Server Indexes on Computed Columns"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to simulate function-based indexes in SQL Server using indexes on computed columns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-indexes-on-computed-columns'>Introduction to indexes on computed columns <a href=\"#introduction-to-indexes-on-computed-columns\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-indexes-on-computed-columns\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to indexes on computed columns\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>See the following <code>sales.customers<\/code> table from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-sample-database\/\">sample database<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"181\" height=\"231\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/customers.png\" alt=\"customers\" class=\"wp-image-158\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This query finds the customer whose local part of the email address is <code>'garry.espinoza'<\/code>;<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>    \n    first_name,\n    last_name,\n    email\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>    \n    sales.customers\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> \n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SUBSTRING<\/span>(email, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>, \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CHARINDEX<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'@'<\/span>, email, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>)\n    ) = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'garry.espinoza'<\/span>;\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Here is the estimated execution plan of the query:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"365\" height=\"78\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/SQL-Server-Index-on-computed-column-clustered-index-scan.png\" alt=\"SQL Server Index on computed column - clustered index scan\" class=\"wp-image-1811\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/SQL-Server-Index-on-computed-column-clustered-index-scan.png 365w, https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/SQL-Server-Index-on-computed-column-clustered-index-scan-300x64.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 365px) 100vw, 365px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As clearly shown in the output, the query optimizer needs to scan the whole clustered index for locating the customer, which is not efficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you have worked with Oracle or PostgreSQL, you may know that Oracle supports <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oracletutorial.com\/oracle-index\/oracle-function-based-index\/\">function-based indexes<\/a> and PostgreSQL has <a href=\"http:\/\/www.postgresqltutorial.com\/postgresql-indexes\/postgresql-index-on-expression\/\">expression-based indexes<\/a>. These kinds of indexes allow you to index the result of a function or an expression which will improve the performance of queries whose <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-basics\/sql-server-where\/\">WHERE<\/a><\/code> clause contains the function and expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In SQL Server, you can use an index on a computed column to achieve the similar effect of a function-based index:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>First, create a computed column based on the expression on the <code>WHERE<\/code> clause.<\/li><li>Second, create a nonclustered index for the computed column.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, to search for customers based on local parts of their email addresses, you use these steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, add a new computed column to the <code>sales.customers<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ALTER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> sales.customers\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ADD<\/span> \n    email_local_part <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> \n        <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SUBSTRING<\/span>(email, \n            <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>, \n            <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CHARINDEX<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'@'<\/span>, email, <span class=\"hljs-number\">0<\/span>)\n        );\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Then, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-indexes\/sql-server-create-index\/\">create an index<\/a> on the <code>email_local_part<\/code> column:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INDEX<\/span> ix_cust_email_local_part\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ON<\/span> sales.customers(email_local_part);\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Now, you can use the <code>email_local_part<\/code> column instead of the expression in the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-basics\/sql-server-where\/\">WHERE<\/a><\/code> clause to find customers by the local part of the email address:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>    \n    first_name,\n    last_name,\n    email\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>    \n    sales.customers\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> \n    email_local_part = <span class=\"hljs-string\">'garry.espinoza'<\/span>;\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The query optimizer uses the index seek operation on the <code>ix_cust_email_local_part<\/code> index as shown in the following picture:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"506\" height=\"166\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/SQL-Server-Index-on-computed-column-index-seek.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1812\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/SQL-Server-Index-on-computed-column-index-seek.png 506w, https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/SQL-Server-Index-on-computed-column-index-seek-300x98.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='requirements-for-indexes-on-computed-columns'>Requirements for indexes on computed columns <a href=\"#requirements-for-indexes-on-computed-columns\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"requirements-for-indexes-on-computed-columns\" title=\"Anchor for Requirements for indexes on computed columns\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-indexes\/sql-server-create-index\/\">create an index<\/a> on a computed column, the following requirements must be met:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The functions involved in the computed column expression must have the same owner as the table.<\/li><li>The computed column expression must be deterministic. It means that expression always returns the same result for a given set of inputs.<\/li><li>The computed column must be precise, which means its expression must not contain any <code>FLOAT<\/code> or <code>REAL<\/code> data types.<\/li><li>The result of the computed column expression cannot evaluate to the <code>TEXT<\/code>, <code>NTEXT<\/code>, or <code>IMAGE<\/code> data types.<\/li><li>The <code>ANSI_NULLS<\/code> option must be set to <code>ON<\/code> when the computed column is defined using the <code>CREATE TABLE<\/code> or <code>ALTER TABLE<\/code> statement. In addition, the options <code>ANSI_PADDING<\/code>, <code>ANSI_WARNINGS<\/code>, <code>ARITHABORT<\/code>, <code>QUOTED_IDENTIFIER<\/code>, and <code>CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL<\/code> must also be set to ON, and <code>NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT<\/code> must be set to <code>OFF<\/code>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this tutorial, you have learned how to use the SQL Server indexes on computed columns to improve the speed of queries that involved expressions.<\/p>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"1810\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-indexes\/sql-server-indexes-on-computed-columns\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"SQL Server Indexes on Computed Columns\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded 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tutorial, you will learn how to simulate function-based indexes in SQL Server using indexes on computed columns.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1746,"menu_order":9,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1810","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SQL Server Index on Computed Column: Funtion-based Index Simulation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this tutorial, you will learn how to simulate function-based indexes in SQL Server using indexes on computed columns.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-indexes\/sql-server-indexes-on-computed-columns\/\" \/>\n<meta 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