{"id":1267,"date":"2019-02-21T10:01:25","date_gmt":"2019-02-21T03:01:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/?page_id=1267"},"modified":"2020-07-11T04:02:51","modified_gmt":"2020-07-10T21:02:51","slug":"sql-server-rank-function","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-window-functions\/sql-server-rank-function\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL Server RANK Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use SQL Server <code>RANK()<\/code> function to calculate a rank for each row within a partition of a result set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='introduction-to-sql-server-rank-function'>Introduction to SQL Server RANK() function <a href=\"#introduction-to-sql-server-rank-function\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"introduction-to-sql-server-rank-function\" title=\"Anchor for Introduction to SQL Server &lt;code&gt;RANK()&lt;\/code&gt; function\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>RANK()<\/code> function is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-window-functions\/\">window function<\/a> that assigns a rank to each row within a partition of a result set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The rows within a partition that have the same values will receive the same rank. The rank of the first row within a partition is one. The <code>RANK()<\/code> function adds the number of tied rows to the tied rank to calculate the rank of the next row, therefore, the ranks may not be consecutive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following shows the syntax of the <code>RANK()<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">RANK() OVER (\n    &#91;PARTITION BY partition_expression, ... ]\n    ORDER BY sort_expression &#91;ASC | DESC], ...\n)\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>First, the <code>PARTITION BY<\/code> clause divides the rows of the result set partitions to which the function is applied.<\/li><li>Second, the <code>ORDER BY<\/code> clause specifies the logical sort order of the rows in each a partition to which the function is applied.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>RANK()<\/code> function is useful for top-N and bottom-N reports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='sql-server-rankillustration'>SQL Server RANK()&nbsp;illustration <a href=\"#sql-server-rankillustration\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"sql-server-rankillustration\" title=\"Anchor for SQL Server &lt;code&gt;RANK()&lt;\/code&gt;&nbsp;illustration\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-basics\/sql-server-create-table\/\">create a new table<\/a> named <code>sales.rank_demo<\/code> that has one column:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> sales.rank_demo (\n\tv <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">VARCHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">10<\/span>)\n);\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Second, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/sql-server-basics\/sql-server-insert\/\">insert<\/a> some rows into the <code>sales.rank_demo<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> sales.rank_demo(v)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'A'<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'B'<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'B'<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'C'<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'C'<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'D'<\/span>),(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'E'<\/span>);\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Third, query data from the <code>sales.rank_demo<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> v <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> sales.rank_demo;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Fourth, use the <code>ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> to assign ranks to the rows in the result set of <code>sales.rank_demo<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n\tv,\n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RANK<\/span> () <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> ( \n\t\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> v \n\t) rank_no \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n\tsales.rank_demo;\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Here is the output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"90\" height=\"153\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/SQL-Server-RANK-Function-Example.png\" alt=\"SQL Server RANK Function Example\" class=\"wp-image-1270\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As shown clearly from the output, the second and third rows receive the same rank because they have the same value B. The fourth and fifth rows get the rank 4 because the <code>RANK()<\/code> function skips the rank 3 and both of them also have the same values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='sql-server-rank-function-examples'>SQL Server RANK() function examples <a href=\"#sql-server-rank-function-examples\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"sql-server-rank-function-examples\" title=\"Anchor for SQL Server &lt;code&gt;RANK()&lt;\/code&gt; function examples\">#<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ll use the <code>production.products<\/code> table to demonstrate the <code>RANK()<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"206\" height=\"169\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/products.png\" alt=\"products\" class=\"wp-image-147\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='using-sql-server-rank-function-over-a-result-set-example'>Using SQL Server RANK() function over a result set example <a href=\"#using-sql-server-rank-function-over-a-result-set-example\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"using-sql-server-rank-function-over-a-result-set-example\" title=\"Anchor for Using SQL Server &lt;code&gt;RANK()&lt;\/code&gt; function over a result set example\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>RANK()<\/code> function to assign ranks to the products by their list prices:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n\tproduct_id,\n\tproduct_name,\n\tlist_price,\n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RANK<\/span> () <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> ( \n\t\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> list_price <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DESC<\/span>\n\t) price_rank \n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n\tproduction.products;\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Here is the result set:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"430\" height=\"324\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/SQL-Server-RANK-Function-Over-Result-Set-Example.png\" alt=\"SQL Server RANK Function Over Result Set Example\" class=\"wp-image-1268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/SQL-Server-RANK-Function-Over-Result-Set-Example.png 430w, https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/SQL-Server-RANK-Function-Over-Result-Set-Example-300x226.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In this example, because we skipped the <code>PARTITION BY<\/code> clause, the <code>RANK()<\/code> function treated the whole result set as a single partition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>RANK()<\/code> function assigns a rank to each row within the result set sorted by list price from high to low.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id='using-sql-server-rank-function-over-partitions-example'>Using SQL Server RANK() function over partitions example <a href=\"#using-sql-server-rank-function-over-partitions-example\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"using-sql-server-rank-function-over-partitions-example\" title=\"Anchor for Using SQL Server &lt;code&gt;RANK()&lt;\/code&gt; function over partitions example\">#<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This example uses the <code>RANK()<\/code> function to assign a rank to each product by list price in each brand and returns products with rank less than or equal to three:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> * <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> (\n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n\t\tproduct_id,\n\t\tproduct_name,\n\t\tbrand_id,\n\t\tlist_price,\n\t\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">RANK<\/span> () <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">OVER<\/span> ( \n\t\t\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">PARTITION<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> brand_id\n\t\t\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">ORDER<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">BY<\/span> list_price <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">DESC<\/span>\n\t\t) price_rank \n\t<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n\t\tproduction.products\n) t\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">WHERE<\/span> price_rank &lt;= <span class=\"hljs-number\">3<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following picture shows the output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"535\" height=\"580\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/SQL-Server-RANK-Function-Over-Partition-Example.png\" alt=\"SQL Server RANK Function Over Partition Example\" class=\"wp-image-1269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/SQL-Server-RANK-Function-Over-Partition-Example.png 535w, https:\/\/www.sqlservertutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/SQL-Server-RANK-Function-Over-Partition-Example-277x300.png 277w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 535px) 100vw, 535px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In this example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>First, the <code>PARTITION BY<\/code> clause divides the products into partitions by brand Id.<\/li><li>Second, the <code>ORDER BY<\/code> clause sorts products in each partition by list prices.<\/li><li>Third, the outer query returns the products whose rank values are less than or equal to three.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>RANK()<\/code> function is applied to each row in each partition and reinitialized when crossing the partition&#8217;s boundary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this tutorial, you have learned how to use the SQL Server <code>RANK()<\/code> function to assign a rank to each row within a partition of a result set.<\/p>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was 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