{"id":3354,"date":"2024-04-27T16:38:14","date_gmt":"2024-04-27T09:38:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/?page_id=3354"},"modified":"2024-04-30T11:04:18","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T04:04:18","slug":"sqlite-json_tree-function","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-json-functions\/sqlite-json_tree-function\/","title":{"rendered":"SQLite json_tree() function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the <code>json_tree()<\/code> function to iterate over elements of a JSON object or array recursively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to the SQLite json_tree() function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In SQLite, the <code>json_tree()<\/code> is a table-valued function that allows you to iterate over elements of a JSON object or array recursively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>json_tree()<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">json_tree(json_value)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>json_value<\/code> is the JSON object or array that you want to iterate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>json_tree()<\/code> function returns a set of rows, each representing an element in the JSON object or array.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to iterate elements of a JSON object or array recursively, which is specified by a path, you can use the following <code>json_tree()<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">json_tree(json_data, path);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>json_data<\/code> is the JSON data from which you want to extract a JSON object or array for iterating.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>path<\/code> is the JSON path expression for selecting the JSON object or array in the <code>json_data<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>json_tree()<\/code> function returns a result set that includes the following columns:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>key<\/code>: is the key of the object element or the index of the array element.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>value<\/code>: is the value of the element.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>type<\/code>: is the data type of the value such as&nbsp;<code>integer<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>text<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>real<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>null<\/code>, or&nbsp;<code>object<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>atom<\/code>: is the atomic value of the element such as the number, string, or&nbsp;<code>null<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>id<\/code>: is the identifier for the top-level JSON value (useful for joining with other&nbsp;<code>json_tree()<\/code>&nbsp;results).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>parent<\/code>: is the identifier of the parent JSON value (useful for hierarchical queries).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>fullkey<\/code>: is the full key path to the element.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>path<\/code>: is the JSON path to the element.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Because the <code>json_tree()<\/code> function is a table-valued function, you need to use it in the place that accepts a table such as in the <code>FROM<\/code> clause of the <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-select\/\">SELECT<\/a><\/code> statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you don&#8217;t do so, you&#8217;ll get the following error:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"HTML, XML\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"xml\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-xml\">Parse error: no such function: <span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;<span class=\"hljs-name\">span<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-attr\">style<\/span>=<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"background-color: initial; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; text-wrap: wrap; color: initial;\"<\/span>&gt;<\/span>json_tree<span class=\"hljs-tag\">&lt;\/<span class=\"hljs-name\">span<\/span>&gt;<\/span><\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">HTML, XML<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">xml<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SQLite json_tree() function examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s take some examples of using the <code>json_tree()<\/code> function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) Iterating elements of a JSON object<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>json_tree()<\/code> function to iterate over the elements of a JSON object recursively:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> * <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> json_tree(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\n  \"name\": \"John Doe\",\n  \"age\": 25,\n  \"address\": {\n    \"street\": \"123 Main Street\",\n    \"city\": \"San Jose\",\n    \"state\": \"CA\",\n    \"zipcode\": \"95134\"\n  }\n}'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">key      value                                                         type     atom             id  parent  fullkey            path\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-------  ------------------------------------------------------------  -------  ---------------  --  ------  -----------------  ---------<\/span>\nnull     {\"name\":\"John Doe\",\"age\":25,\"address\":{\"street\":\"123 Main St  object   null             0   null    $                  $\n         reet\",\"city\":\"San Jose\",\"state\":\"CA\",\"zipcode\":\"95134\"}}\n\nname     John Doe                                                      text     John Doe         2   0       $.name             $\n\nage      25                                                            integer  25               16  0       $.age              $\n\naddress  {\"street\":\"123 Main Street\",\"city\":\"San Jose\",\"state\":\"CA\",\"  object   null             23  0       $.address          $\n         zipcode\":\"95134\"}\n\nstreet   123 Main Street                                               text     123 Main Street  33  23      $.address.street   $.address\n\ncity     San Jose                                                      text     San Jose         57  23      $.address.city     $.address\n\nstate    CA                                                            text     CA               71  23      $.address.state    $.address\n\nzipcode  95134                                                         text     95134            80  23      $.address.zipcode  $.address<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Notice that the <code>json_each()<\/code> only returns the top-level elements of the JSON object:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> * <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> json_each(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\n  \"name\": \"John Doe\",\n  \"age\": 25,\n  \"address\": {\n    \"street\": \"123 Main Street\",\n    \"city\": \"San Jose\",\n    \"state\": \"CA\",\n    \"zipcode\": \"95134\"\n  }\n}'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">key      value                                                         type     atom      id  parent  fullkey    path\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-------  ------------------------------------------------------------  -------  --------  --  ------  ---------  ----<\/span>\nname     John Doe                                                      text     John Doe  2   null    $.name     $\n\nage      25                                                            integer  25        16  null    $.age      $\n\naddress  {\"street\":\"123 Main Street\",\"city\":\"San Jose\",\"state\":\"CA\",\"  object   null      23  null    $.address  $\n         zipcode\":\"95134\"}<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) Iterating elements of a JSON object specified by a path<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>json_tree()<\/code> function to iterate over elements of a JSON object specified by a path:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> * <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> json_tree(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'{\n   \"name\": \"John Doe\",\n   \"age\": 25,\n   \"contact\": {\n      \"phone\": \"(408)-111-2222\",\n      \"email\": \"john.doe@test.com\",\n      \"address\": {\n         \"street\": \"123 Main Street\",\n         \"city\": \"San Jose\",\n         \"state\": \"CA\",\n         \"zipcode\": \"95134\"\n      }\n   }\n}'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'$.contact'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">key      value                                                         type    atom               id   parent  fullkey                    path\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-------  ------------------------------------------------------------  ------  -----------------  ---  ------  -------------------------  -----------------<\/span>\ncontact  {\"phone\":\"(408)-111-2222\",\"email\":\"john.doe@test.com\",\"addre  object  null               23   null    $.contact                  $\n         ss\":{\"street\":\"123 Main Street\",\"city\":\"San Jose\",\"state\":\"C\n         A\",\"zipcode\":\"95134\"}}\n\nphone    (408)-111-2222                                                text    (408)-111-2222     33   23      $.contact.phone            $.contact\n\nemail    john.doe@test.com                                             text    john.doe@test.com  55   23      $.contact.email            $.contact\n\naddress  {\"street\":\"123 Main Street\",\"city\":\"San Jose\",\"state\":\"CA\",\"  object  null               80   23      $.contact.address          $.contact\n         zipcode\":\"95134\"}\n\nstreet   123 Main Street                                               text    123 Main Street    90   80      $.contact.address.street   $.contact.address\n\ncity     San Jose                                                      text    San Jose           114  80      $.contact.address.city     $.contact.address\n\nstate    CA                                                            text    CA                 128  80      $.contact.address.state    $.contact.address\n\nzipcode  95134                                                         text    95134              137  80      $.contact.address.zipcode  $.contact.address<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3) Iterating elements of a JSON array<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>json_tree()<\/code> function to iterate over the elements of a JSON array recursively:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> * <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> json_tree(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'&#91;1,2,3,&#91;4,5]]'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">key   value          type     atom  id  parent  fullkey  path\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">----  -------------  -------  ----  --  ------  -------  ----<\/span>\nnull  &#91;1,2,3,&#91;4,5]]  array    null  0   null    $        $\n0     1              integer  1     1   0       $&#91;0]     $\n1     2              integer  2     3   0       $&#91;1]     $\n2     3              integer  3     5   0       $&#91;2]     $\n3     &#91;4,5]          array    null  7   0       $&#91;3]     $\n0     4              integer  4     8   7       $&#91;3]&#91;0]  $&#91;3]\n1     5              integer  5     10  7       $&#91;3]&#91;1]  $&#91;3]<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the <code>json_tree()<\/code> function to recursively iterate over elements of a JSON object or a JSON array.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-thumbs\">\n\t\t\t<button\n\t\t\t\tdata-post=\"3354\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-url=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-json-functions\/sqlite-json_tree-function\/\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-title=\"SQLite json_tree() function\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-response=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"wth-btn-rounded wth-yes-btn\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<svg\n\t\t\t\t\txmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tviewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n\t\t\t\t\tfill=\"none\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke=\"currentColor\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-width=\"2\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linecap=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstroke-linejoin=\"round\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"feather feather-thumbs-up block w-full 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