{"id":1460,"date":"2018-11-02T15:53:40","date_gmt":"2018-11-02T08:53:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/?page_id=1460"},"modified":"2024-04-12T13:59:03","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T06:59:03","slug":"sqlite-strftime-function","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-date-functions\/sqlite-strftime-function\/","title":{"rendered":"SQLite strftime() Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong>: in this tutorial, you have learned how to use the SQLite <code>strftime()<\/code> function to format a datetime value based on a specific format.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction to the SQLite strftime() function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>strftime()<\/code> function is used to format a time, a date, or a datetime value based on a specified format.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of the <code>strftime()<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">strftime(format_string, time_string &#91;, modifier, ...])<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>In this syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>format_string<\/code> specifies the format for the datetime value specified by the <code>time_string<\/code> value.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>time_string<\/code> specifies the date and time value. For example, the <code>now<\/code> time string returns the current date and time in UTC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Each <code>modifier<\/code> applies a transformation to the date time value on its left. The order of transformation is from left to right. The <code>strftime()<\/code> can take one or more modifiers. Here&#8217;s the complete list of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-date-functions\/sqlite-datetime-modifiers\/\">modifiers<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Note that all other date and time functions such as <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-date-functions\/sqlite-date-function\/\">date()<\/a><\/code>, <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-date-functions\/sqlite-time-function\/\">time()<\/a><\/code>, <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-date-functions\/sqlite-datetime-function\/\">datetime()<\/a><\/code>, and <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-date-functions\/sqlite-julianday-function\/\">julianday()<\/a><\/code> can be expressed using the <code>strftime()<\/code> function:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Function<\/th><th>Equivalent strftime()<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>date()<\/code><\/td><td>strftime(&#8216;%Y-%m-%d&#8217;, &#8230;)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>time()<\/code><\/td><td>strftime(&#8216;%H:%M:%S&#8217;, &#8230;)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>datetime()<\/code><\/td><td>strftime(&#8216;%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S&#8217;, &#8230;)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>julianday()<\/code><\/td><td>strftime(&#8216;%J&#8217;, &#8230;)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The following table shows a completed list of string formats:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Format<\/th><th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>%d<\/td><td>day of the month: 01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%e<\/td><td>day of the month without leading zero like 1, 2, 3, &#8230; 31<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%f<\/td><td>fractional seconds: SS.SSS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%H<\/td><td>hour: 00-24<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%I<\/td><td>hour for 12-hour clock: 01-12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%k<\/td><td>hour without leading zero: 1, 2 &#8230; 24<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%j<\/td><td>day of the year: 001-366<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%J<\/td><td>Julian day number<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%m<\/td><td>month: 01-12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%M<\/td><td>minute: 00-59<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%s<\/td><td>seconds since 1970-01-01<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%S<\/td><td>seconds: 00-59<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%w<\/td><td>day of week 0-6 with Sunday==0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%W<\/td><td>week of the year: 00-53<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%Y<\/td><td>year: 0000-9999<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%%<\/td><td>%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%p<\/td><td>AM or PM<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>%P<\/td><td>am or pm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SQLite strftime() function examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s take some examples of using the <code>strftime()<\/code> function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) Getting the current time as a unix timestamp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>strftime()<\/code> function to return the current time as a Unix timestamp:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> strftime(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%s'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'now'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">----------<\/span>\n1712841001<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) Using the strftime() function to extract days from dates<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>strftime()<\/code> function to extract the day from a date:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> strftime(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%d'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2018-10-11'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-5\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------<\/span>\n11<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-5\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3) Using the strftime() function to extract months from dates<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>strftime()<\/code> function to extract the month from a date:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-6\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> strftime(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%m'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2018-10-11'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-6\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-7\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------<\/span>\n10<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-7\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4) Using the strftime() function to extract months from dates<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>strftime()<\/code> function to extract a year from a date:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-8\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> strftime(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%Y'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2018-10-11'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-8\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-9\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------<\/span>\n2018<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-9\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5) Using the strftime() function to extract hours from times<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>strftime()<\/code> function to extract the hour from a time:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-10\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> strftime(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%H'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'10:20:30'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-10\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-11\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------<\/span>\n10<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-11\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6) Using the strftime() function to extract minutes from times<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>strftime()<\/code> function to extract the minute from a time:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-12\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> strftime(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%M'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'10:20:30'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-12\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-13\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------<\/span>\n20<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-13\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7) Using the strftime() function to extract seconds from times<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>strftime()<\/code> function to extract a second from a time:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-14\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> strftime(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%S'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'10:20:30'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-14\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-15\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------<\/span>\n30<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-15\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8) Using the strftime() function to extract jullian days from datetime values<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>strftime()<\/code> function to extract the Julian day from a datetime:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-16\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> strftime(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%J'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2018-10-11 10:20:30'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-16\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-17\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">-----------------<\/span>\n2458402.930902777<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-17\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9) Using the strftime() function to extract a day of the year from a date<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following example uses the <code>strftime()<\/code> function to extract the day of the year from a date:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-18\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> strftime(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%j'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2018-10-11'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-18\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-19\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------<\/span>\n284<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-19\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10) Using the strftime() function to extract a day of the week from a date<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following statement uses the <code>strftime()<\/code> function to extract the day of the week from a date:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-20\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> strftime(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%w'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2018-10-11'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-20\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-21\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------<\/span>\n4<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-21\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11) Using the strftime() function to extract the week of the year from a date<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following statement uses the <code>strftime()<\/code> function to extract the week of the year from a date:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-22\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> strftime(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%W'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2018-10-11'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-22\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-23\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------<\/span>\n41<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-23\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12) Using the strftime() function to extract the fractional seconds from a time<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The following statement uses the <code>strftime()<\/code> function to extract the fractional seconds from a time:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-24\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> strftime(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%f'<\/span>,<span class=\"hljs-string\">'2018-10-11 10:20:30.999'<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">result<\/span>;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-24\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-25\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">result\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">------<\/span>\n30.999<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-25\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13) Using the strftime() function with table data<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>First, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-create-table\/\">create a table<\/a> called <code>employees<\/code> to store employee data:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-26\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">CREATE<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">TABLE<\/span> employees(\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">INTEGER<\/span> PRIMARY <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">KEY<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>,\n    <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">VARCHAR<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-number\">255<\/span>) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>,\n    joined_date <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">TEXT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">NOT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-literal\">NULL<\/span>\n);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-26\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Second, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-insert\/\">insert some rows<\/a> into the <code>employees<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-27\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INSERT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">INTO<\/span> employees(<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>, joined_date)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">VALUES<\/span>\n   (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'John Doe'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'2018-01-05'<\/span>),\n   (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'Jane Doe'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'2019-02-10'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-27\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Third, retrieve data from the <code>employees<\/code> table:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-28\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> * <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span> employees;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-28\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-29\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">id | name     | joined_date\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---+----------+------------<\/span>\n1  | John Doe | 2018-01-05\n2  | Jane Doe | 2018-02-10\n(2 rows)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-29\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Finally, calculate the years of service for all the employees to <code>11 April 2024<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-30\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">id<\/span>,\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">name<\/span>,\n  strftime (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%Y'<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">'2024-04-11'<\/span>) - strftime (<span class=\"hljs-string\">'%Y'<\/span>, joined_date) <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">AS<\/span> years_of_service\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  employees;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-30\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-31\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">id | name     | years_of_service\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">---+----------+-----------------<\/span>\n1  | John Doe | 6\n2  | Jane Doe | 5\n(2 rows)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-31\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the <code>strftime()<\/code> function to format a time, a date, or a datetime based on a specified format.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"helpful-block-content\" data-title=\"\">\n\t<header>\n\t\t<div class=\"wth-question\">Was this tutorial helpful ?<\/div>\n\t\t<div 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