{"id":1040,"date":"2016-05-20T13:28:18","date_gmt":"2016-05-20T06:28:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/?page_id=1040"},"modified":"2024-04-30T18:30:56","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T11:30:56","slug":"sqlite-lower","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-functions\/sqlite-lower\/","title":{"rendered":"SQLite lower() function"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The SQLite <code>lower()<\/code> function returns a new string with all ASCII characters converted to lowercase. For handling Unicode characters, you can utilize the ICU extension of this function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Syntax<\/h2>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\">lower(string)<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Arguments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>lower()<\/code> function accepts one argument that has the <code>text<\/code> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-data-types\/\">data type<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>string<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The input string will be converted to lowercase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Return Type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>TEXT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The following statement uses the lower() function to return\u00a0the lowercase of a string:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">lower<\/span>(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'SQLite LOWER'<\/span>);<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>Output:<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">lower(<span class=\"hljs-string\">'SQLite LOWER'<\/span>)\n---------------------\nsqlite lower<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The following query <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/sqlite-select\/\">selects<\/a> the first name, last name, and lowercase email of the employees in the <code>employees<\/code> table.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-4\" data-shcb-language-name=\"SQL (Structured Query Language)\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"sql\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-sql\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">SELECT<\/span>\n  lastname,\n  firstname,\n  <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">lower<\/span>(email)\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">FROM<\/span>\n  employees;<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-4\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">SQL (Structured Query Language)<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">sql<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"311\" height=\"189\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sqlitetutorial.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/SQLite-LOWER-example.png\" alt=\"SQLite LOWER example\" class=\"wp-image-1041\" 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