What is Alpha Testing in Software Testing?

Alpha Testing is a pre-release activity and one of the types of Acceptance Testing. Here, testing activity is carried out in a much-controlled manner and it is not accessible by the end-users/market.

A newly developed product or updated product undergoes Alpha testing in the Testing environment (which is formally called the Developer’s site). Testing is carried out to simulate real-time behavior to match the usage of the product by the end-users in the market.

This article briefs about the meaning, need, strategies, and procedure of Alpha Testing in an easily understandable way.

What is Alpha Testing?

Alpha Testing is a methodology to assess the quality and stability of a product under test in the testing environment.

This phase mainly focuses on:

• Uncover show stopper bugs/major bugs (Specifically in corner areas)
• Usability Issues
• Feature gaps
• Compatibility/Inter-operability Issues

Feedback from the team involved in Alpha Test is gathered to evaluate the Product’s quality and stability, and any suggestions to improve the product are considered.

And the main question that arises in Alpha Testing is “Does the Product Work?”.

Also Read:

• What is Beta Testing
• Alpha vs Beta Testing – What is the Actual Difference?

Purpose

This testing is always necessary for the products that are planned to undergo Beta Testing (most of the time, the Alpha test is omitted and the phase skips directly to Beta Testing, which is not mostly recommended).

The reasons behind conducting this test are:

• Bugs directly coming from the later phases (Beta Testing phase/after Production launch) leave a bad remark on the product and the reputation is lost on the organization that developed the product. Also, these bugs cause delays in Production launch, more effort (both time and resource) is required in fixing them.
• Encourage different sectors within the organization (sales, management, etc.) to use the product and experience it. They are also encouraged to provide feedback and suggestions to improve the product which helps to increase the quality of the product.
• As this phase will capture the upcoming concerns that end-users have, we can build a strong Support system for the product right after the Production Launch.
• Feature Gaps can be covered or planned for subsequent releases.

When is Alpha Testing Done?

This testing usually occurs right after the System Testing Phase/or during System Testing when a product is 70% – 90% complete which is nothing but before the Beta Testing Phase.

Again, this testing occurs in Phases:

• Pre-Alpha Testing: The product’s UI is ready but features are not yet implemented completely. This stage is usually where the decision on what features to go into the product is still being conducted. Proto-type of a product is continuously reviewed and analyzed for more enhancements.
• Alpha Testing: Working Product is ready for testing where the initial round of QA is already almost done.

Alpha Test usually takes place in cycles which are commonly known as Test Cycles, each of which will be of about 1 – 2 weeks. The number of cycles depends on the features included for testing and the number of issues uncovered during this test phase.

Usually, Acceptance Tests and a few System test cases to support the Acceptance Tests are considered for execution.

Stakeholders and Participants

Stakeholders of the Alpha Testing phase will usually be the Engineers (in-house developers), Quality Assurance Team, and the Product Management, Team.

Participants in this testing will be testers (usually):

• Subject Matter Expertise in the area of domain.
• One who knows the Product well.
• Those who were involved in the System Testing Phase as well.
• From different related technical environments (Technical experts)

Sometimes, customers or identified end-users may participate in testing the Alpha version of the product.

Either white-box or black-box testing techniques or a combination of both can be adopted. Acceptance tests can also be preferred to be automated as this involves multiple cycles and the tests can be repetitive in each cycle. Acceptance Tests running this cycle are referred to as Alpha Tests.

Alpha Testing Strategy

Like any other testing phase, even this type of testing has a Strategy where goals and plans are well-defined.

• The approach to performing this testing activity is decided and the procedures are documented in a Test Plan.
• Features and precise tests to be performed are identified and marked for cycles.
• Testing techniques – Black-box, White-box, etc are decided to be performed in a suitable manner.
• Tests to be Automated are identified and worked upon.
• Ways to report bugs, usability issues, and status are all kept as ready templates and are reviewed for correctness.

Procedure

The sequence followed from Tester’s point of view:

• Gather and review the Functional Requirements from all possible documents available.
• Clear ambiguities and queries at the earliest on functional requirements.
• Design Alpha Test Plan and review it for completeness, correctness, etc.
• Design Alpha Tests for identified features – Let it be a comprehensive and precise one.
• Review Alpha Tests for coverage, necessity, and traceability.
• Identify Alpha Tests for each test cycle (it’s OK even if it has to be repeated for many cycles).
• Cycle-wise:
  • Execute Alpha Tests once the Alpha version of the product is available for testing.
  • Log the defects – Both Functional and UI.
  • Retest the defects once fixed.

Entry Criteria for Alpha Test:

• Requirement specification documents should be frozen.
• System Testing should be:
  • Completed and Signed-Off if Alpha testing starts upon completion of System Testing.
  • 70% – 90% complete and assurance to go ahead with Alpha Testing.
• Participants should be identified and trained for the product (if they are new to the product).
• Alpha Tests should be designed and reviewed.
• Traceability should be achieved for all the functional requirements.
• The testing environment should be set up to confirm stability.
• Build for the Alpha version of the product should be ready and launched with complete Release Notes.

Exit Criteria:

• All the Showstopper bugs and major functional bugs should be fixed.
• All test cycles should be complete.
• All Alpha Tests identified for testing should be executed and Passed.
• Features are frozen at the end of the Alpha Test (i.e., no additional features, no modifications to existing features, no dropping of the existing features).
• Alpha Test Summary Report.
• Alpha Test Formal Sign-Off.

Benefits of this testing

There are several benefits of this testing. A few of which are given below.

Internally,

• An organization is exposed to the product much earlier to experience and leverage it.
• It helps to gain confidence in the product and leads to the launch of the Beta version of it for testing.
• Costly mistakes and disasters can be avoided before reaching a wider audience ie. when released for Beta Testing.
• Helps to understand the factors that impact the successful release of a product.

Conclusion

The usage of Alpha Testing in the early stages of the Software Development Life Cycle provides a better insight into the product. It always helps to understand the target users’ points of view and experience while using the product.

Performing Alpha Testing formally and strictly helps to meet its objectives successfully and leads to Customer happiness. I hope that this article will give you additional information about Alpha Testing.

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