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Html Frames
The document discusses HTML frames, including: 1. Objectives such as creating frame layouts, controlling hyperlinks between frames, and using reserved target names. 2. Advantages of frames like flexibility in design and reducing redundancy. Disadvantages include increased loading time and some browsers not supporting frames. 3. Syntax for creating frame layouts using <frameset> tags and specifying frame sizes using pixels, percentages and asterisks. It provides details on using frames and hyperlinks, including assigning names to frames and specifying link targets.
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Html Frames
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- 2. OBJECTIVES Create/control appearance& placement of frames Control the behavior of hyperlinks on pages with frames Use reserved target names to specify a target for a hypertext link Browsers that support frames and by those that do not Create and implement floating frames
- 3. ADVANTAGES TO USINGFRAMES flexibility in design information in different Web pages remove redundancy. site easier to manage. update only a few files rather than the whole. Web designers create both framed and non- framed versions for a Web site and give users the option of which one to use.
- 4. DISADVANTAGES TO USINGFRAMES The browser has to load multiple HTML files increasing wait time Some older browsers cannot display frames. Some users do not like using frames. Some web authors feel that frames are too constricting. Frames can use up valuable screen space. The source code is hidden.
- 5. CREATING A FRAMELAYOUT The <frameset> tag is used to store the definitions of the various frames in the file. These definitions will typically: include the size and location of the frame include the Web pages the frames display The <frameset> code does not include an opening and closing <body> tag. the reason for this is that this HTML file displays the contents of other Web pages; technically, it is not a Web page
- 6. SPECIFYING FRAME SIZEAND ORIENTATION For frame layout use rows and cols attributes of <frameset> frameset is defined by rows or columns, but not both usually. Must choose to layout frames in either rows or columns. Both rows and columns can be used together but not recommended because of the increase of complexity of the code. Not easy to manage.
- 7. THE FRAME SYNTAX The syntax for creating a row or column frame layout is: <frameset rows=“row height 1, row height 2, row height 3, . . .”> row height is the height of each row or <frameset cols=“column width 1, column width 2, column width 3, . . .”> column width is the width of each column
- 8. ROW AND COLUMNSIZES Row and column sizes can be specified in three ways: in pixels as a percentage of the total size of the frameset by an asterisk (*)
- 9. DEFINING ROWS ANDCOLUMNS USING (*) Tells the browser to allocate any unclaimed space in the frameset to the particular row or column. <frameset rows=“160,*”> creates two rows of frames. Specify at least 1 of the rows or cols of <frameset> with (*) to ensure that the frames fill up the screen. You can use multiple asterisks. The browser divides the remaining display space equally among the frames with the asterisks. <frameset rows=“*,*,*”> creates three rows of frames with equal heights.
- 10. SPECIFYING A FRAMESOURCE To specify a source for a frame, use the <frame> tag with the syntax: <frame src=“URL”> The URL is the filename and location of the page that you want to load. You must insert the <frame> tag between the opening and closing <frameset> tags.
- 11. NESTING <FRAMESET> TAG Remember that a frameset is defined by rows or columns, but not both. To create frames using both rows and columns, one frameset must be nested inside another(Recommended-standard) The interpretation of the rows and cols attributes changes slightly.
- 12. CONTROLLING THE APPEARANCEOF YOUR FRAMES You can control three attributes of a frame: scroll bars the size of the margin between the source document and the frame border whether or not the user is allowed to change the size of the frame
- 13. CONTROLLING THE APPEARANCEOF SCROLL BARS By default, scroll bars are displayed when the content of the source page cannot fit within the frame. You can override the default setting using the scrolling attribute. The scrolling syntax is: <frame src=“URL” scrolling=“scrolling”> scrolling can either be “yes” (to always display scroll bars) or “no” (to never display scroll bars) or “auto”
- 14. REMOVING THE SCROLLBARS FROM THE LOGO FRAME If the complete text cannot be displayed after removing the scroll bars from a frame, you will need to modify the frame margin. <FRAME NAME="left frame“ SRC="left frame.html" scrolling="no" marginwidth="50“ marginheight="40“ bordercolor="yellow"> set the scrolling attribute to “no” to remove the scroll bars
- 15. CONTROLLING FRAME MARGINS The following should be consider for frame margins: the browser determines the amount of space between the content of the page and the frame border occasionally, the browser sets the margin between the border and the content too large the margin should be big enough to keep the source’s text or images from running into the frame’s borders the margin should not take up too much space, because you typically want to display as much of the source as possible
- 16. SPECIFYING MARGINS SYNTAX The syntax for specifying margins for a frame is: <frame src=“URL” marginheight=“value” marginwidth=“value”> marginheight is the amount of space, in pixels, above and below the content of the page in the frame marginwidth is the amount of space to the left and right of the page If you specify only one, the browser assumes that you want to use the same value for both.
- 17. CONTROLLING FRAME RESIZING By default, users can resize frame borders Web designers can freeze, or lock, frames, so that users cannot resize them. The syntax for controlling frame resizing is: <frame src=“URL” noresize> The noresize attribute
- 18. WORKING WITH FRAMESAND HYPERTEXT LINKS By default, clicking a hyperlink within a frame opens the linked file inside the same frame. You can display hyperlinks in many ways: in a different frame in a new window in the entire window When you want to control the behavior of hyperlinks in a framed page, there are two required steps: give each frame on the page a Name point each hyperlink to one of the named frames
- 19. ASSIGNING A NAMETO A FRAME To assign a name to a frame, add the name attribute to the frame tag. The syntax for this attribute is: <frame src=“URL” name=“frame_name”> frame_name is any single word you assign to the frame case is important in assigning names: “information” is considered a different name than “INFORMATION”
- 20. ASSIGNING A NAMETO EACH FRAME Once the frames are named, the next task is to specify the target frame for each hyperlink. <FRAME NAME="leftframe" SRC="leftframe.html" scrolling="no" marginwidth="50" marginheight="40" bordercolor="yellow"> the frame name <FRAME NAME="mainframe" SRC="right frame.html" scrolling="auto" marginwidth="400" marginheight="100" bordercolor="green" >
- 21. SPECIFYING A LINKTARGET You can use the target attribute to open a page in a specific frame. The syntax for this is: <a href=“URL” target=“frame_name”> frame_name is the name you’ve assigned to a frame on your Web page When a page contains dozens of hyperlinks that should all open in the same frame, HTML provides a way to specify a target frame for all the hyperlinks within a single page.
- 22. hello <br> BSCS 6<br> Itsthe SIDE Frame <br> <a href="banner.html" target="mainframe">Banner In Main Frame</a> leftframe.html
- 23. <a href="welcomepage.html" target="mainframe">WELCOME</a> leftframe.html
- 24. USING RESERVED TARGETNAMES Reserved target names are special names that can be used in place of a frame name as the target. They are useful in situations: where the name of the frame is unavailable when you want the page to appear in a new window when you want the page to replace the current browser window All reserved target names begin with the underscore character ( _ ) to distinguish them from other target names. Reserved target names are case-sensitive, they must be entered in lowercase.
- 25. RESERVED TARGET NAMES Thisfigure describes the reserved target names.