SNJB’s Late Sau. K. B. J.

College of Engineering
Unit 5
Multithreading in Java

Concurrency and Synchronization, Java Thread Model: Thread priorities,

Synchronization, Messaging, Main Thread, Creating thread: Implementing
Thread using thread class and Runnable interface. Creating multiple threads
using isAlive() and join()
Web Based Application in Java: Use of JavaScript for creating web based
applications in java, Introduction to javascript frameworks- React, Vue,
Angular

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Engineering
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Application of Multithreading

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● A program with multiple threads running within a single

instance could be considered as a multitasking system within
an OS.
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Department of Computer Engineering

SNJB’s Late Sau. K. B. J. College of Engineering

Department of Computer Engineering

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Department of Computer Engineering

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By extending Thread class :

•Create a class that extends Thread class.
• Create instance of that class.
• The class which extends Thread class must override the
run( ) method of Thread class.
• It must call start( ) to begin execution of new thread.

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Create Thread by Extending Thread Class

class Create extends Thread Thread.sleep(500);

{ } //for close
Create() }catch(InterruptedException e){ }
{ System.out.println("Child Exiting");
super("ABC"); } //run() close
start(); public static void main(String[] args)
}// Constructor Closed
{
public void run() Create c = new Create();
{ try {
try { for(int i = 0;i<5;i++)
{ System.out.println("Mainthread"+i);
for(int i = 0;i<5;i++)
Thread.sleep(1000);
{ System.out.println("Child : " +i); } //for close
}catch(InterruptedException e) { }
System.out.println("Main Exiting");
} }
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Create Thread by Extending Thread Class..Output

Child : 0
Mainthread0
Child : 1
Mainthread1
Child : 2
Child : 3
Mainthread2
Child : 4
Child Exiting
Mainthread3
Mainthread4
Main Exiting
...Program finished with exit code 0
Press ENTER to exit console.

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Create Thread by Implemented Runnable

class Create implements Runnable { Thread.sleep(500);

Thread t; } //for close
Create() }catch(InterruptedException e){ }
{ System.out.println("Child Exiting");
t = new } //run() close
Thread(this,”DemoThread”); public static void main(String[] args)
t.start();
{
}// Constructor Closed Create c = new Create();
public void run() try {
{ for(int i = 0;i<5;i++)
try { { System.out.println("Mainthread"+i);
Thread.sleep(1000);
for(int i = 0;i<5;i++) } //for close
{ System.out.println("Child : " +i); }catch(InterruptedException e) { }
System.out.println("Main Exiting");
} }
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Key Thread Runnable
Basic Thread is a class. It is used to create Runnable is a functional
a thread interface which is used to
create a thread
Methods It has multiple methods including It has only abstract method
start() and run() run()
Each thread creates a unique object Multiple threads share the
and gets associated with it same objects.

Memory More memory required Less memory required

Limitatio Multiple Inheritance is not allowed in If a class is implementing the

n java hence after a class extends runnable interface then your
Thread class, it can not extend any class can extend another
other class class.

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Thread Methods

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Main Thread

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Main Thread

The general form of currentThread method is :

static Thread currentThread();
Hence it can be invoked as follows :
Thread.currentThread();
For Ex :

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Main Thread
class Demo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Thread t = Thread.currentThread( );
System.out.println(“The Thread is : “ +t);
}
}
O/p : The Thread is : Thread[main,5,main]

In the output Thread[main,5,main] : The order is :

[Name of thread , Priority of thread , & Group of thread]

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Main Thread
class Demo
OUTPUT
{
public static void main(String args[]) The Thread is :
{ Thread[main,5,main]
Thread t = Thread.currentThread( ); The new name is : [First
System.out.println(“The Thread is : “ +t); Thread,5,main]
t.setName(“First Thread”);
The Thread priority is : 5
System.out.println(“The new name is : “ +t); The new priority is : 10
int p = t.getPriority( );
System.out.println(“The Thread priority is : “ +p);
t.setPriority(10);
System.out.println(“The new priority is : “ +t.getPriority( ));

}
}
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Multiple Threads
// Using join() to wait for threads to finish. public void run()
class N implements Runnable {
{ try
String name; // name of thread {
Thread t; for(int i = 5; i > 0; i--)
N(String tName) {
{ System.out.println(name + ": " + i);
name = tName; Thread.sleep(1000);
t = new Thread(this, name); }
System.out.println("New thread: " + t); } catch (InterruptedException e) {
t.start(); // Start the thread System.out.println(name + " interrupted.");
} } //catch close()
// This is the entry point for thread. System.out.println(name + " exiting.");
}
}

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Multiple Threads
class DemoJoin // wait for threads to finish
{ try
public static void main(String args[]) {
{ System.out.println("Waiting for threads to
N ob1 = new N("One"); finish.");
N ob2 = new N("Two"); ob1.t.join();
ob2.t.join();
N ob3 = new N("Three");
ob3.t.join();
System.out.println("Thread One is alive: "+
}
ob1.t.isAlive()); catch (InterruptedException e)
System.out.println("Thread Two is alive: "+
{
ob2.t.isAlive()); System.out.println("Main thread Interrupted");
System.out.println("Thread Three is alive: "+
}
ob3.t.isAlive()); System.out.println("One is alive: "+
ob1.t.isAlive());
System.out.println("Two is alive: "+
ob2.t.isAlive());
System.out.println("Threeisalive: "+
ob3.t.isAlive());
System.out.println("Main thread exiting.");
}
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} Engineering
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Multiple Threads ..Output
SamYour output may vary based on processor speed and task load

New thread: Thread[One,5,main]

New thread: Thread[Two,5,main]
New thread: Thread[Three,5,main]
Thread One is alive: true
Thread Two is alive: true
Thread Three is alive: true
Waiting for threads to finish.
One: 5
Two: 5
Three: 5
One: 4
Two: 4
Three: 4
One: 3
Two: 3
Three: 3
One: 2
Two: 2
Three: 2

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Problem without
class Table{

void printTable(int n){

Synchronization
//method not synchronized

for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){

System.out.println(n*i);

try{

Thread.sleep(400);

}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}

} //for close

} } Department of Computer Engineering

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Problem without
class MyThread1 extends Thread{ class MyThread2 extends Thread{

Table t;
Synchronization..>Contd
Table t;

MyThread1(Table t){ MyThread2(Table t){

this.t=t; this.t=t;

} }

public void run(){ public void run(){

t.printTable(5); t.printTable(100);

} }

} }

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Problem without
class TestSynchronization1{
Synchronization..>Contd
public static void main(String args[]){
OUTPUT
5
100
Table obj = new Table();//only one object 10
MyThread1 t1=new MyThread1(obj); 200
15
MyThread2 t2=new MyThread2(obj);
300
t1.start(); 20
400
t2.start();
25
} 500
}

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Synchronization
class Table{

synchronized void printTable(int n){

//method not synchronized

for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){

System.out.println(n*i);

try{

Thread.sleep(400);

}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}

} //for close

} } Department of Computer Engineering

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Synchronization..>Contd
class MyThread1 extends Thread{ class MyThread2 extends Thread{

Table t; Table t;

MyThread1(Table t){ MyThread2(Table t){

this.t=t; this.t=t;

} }

public void run(){ public void run(){

t.printTable(5); t.printTable(100);

} }

} }

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Synchronization…Contd
class TestSynchronization1{ OUTPUT
public static void main(String args[]){ 5
10
Table obj = new Table();//only one object 15
MyThread1 t1=new MyThread1(obj); 20
25
MyThread2 t2=new MyThread2(obj);
100
t1.start(); 200
300
t2.start();
400
} 500
}

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wait() join()

It is a method of java.lang.Object class. It is a method of java.lang.Thread

wait() method can be called by a

It is used to stop the current thread.
synchronized block or method.

wait() method is implemented for It can be called either with synchronized

performing multi-thread-synchronization. and without synchronized context.

Its syntax is -: Its syntax is -:

public final void wait() throws public final void join() throws
InterruptedException InterruptedException

wait() method causes the thread to sleep It can be used to add sequence among
until notify() and notifyAll() are called more than one thread

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Web Based Application in Java: Use of JavaScript for creating web

based applications in java, Introduction to javascript frameworks-
React, Vue, Angular

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Web Client (browser)

Internet

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Web Server

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Web Surfing (Logical View)

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Establishing Communication

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Inetwork Basis
● TCP/IP protocol
– Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
– Specifies how two computer exchange data
● HTML
– Content-based or structural markup language, where the codes describe
what the contents of the document are.
– Codes are used to indicate the various parts of the document, such as
headings, paragraphs, lists, etc
● IP address
– Every computer has a unique IP address
– 32 bits in three 8 bit number groups
– 131.96.142.17

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URL Examples

●Full URL
– http://www.uum.edu.my/welcome.htm
– http://www.stm1.uum.edu.my/index.html
– http://www.maxis.net.my/
– http://www.lhdn.gov.my/
●Not all characters can be used in URL

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Web Application Development

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Static VS Dynamic
● HTML documents are usually static
● The contents can only be changed manually
● There are needs for dynamic documents
– Search results
– Database access
– Context sensitive reply
● Static
– page appears exactly as it was encoded, nothing changes
● Dynamic
– page is compiled, or able to be changed

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Dynamic Web pages

●Applications executed by the server at run-

time to process client input or generate
document in response to client request
●Generating dynamic Web pages requires
programming

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Scripts: Server-Side VS Client-Side

●Server-side
– the first type possible on the Web
– action occurs at the server
●Client-side
– generally easier to implement
– may be prepared and implemented offline
– action occurs on the client side (browser)

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Scripts: Server-Side VS Client-Side

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Client-Side Scripting
● Client side scripts are embedded inside HTML document.
They are interpreted by browser.
● When Web browser encounters a script, it calls a scripting
interpreter, which parses and deciphers the scripting code.
● Provide response to questions and queries without
interventions from the server
– Validate user data
– Calculate expressions
– Link to other applications

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JAVASCRIPT
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LIBRARY Vs FRAMEWORK

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Scripting or Programming language

Allows to implement complex features on web
pages

Displaying timely content

updates
Interactive Maps

It is the third layer of the layer cake of standard web

technologies ..HTML, CSS, JS

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JAVA SCRIPT

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JAVA SCRIPT FEATURES

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NEED/ ADVANTAGES OF JAVA SCRIPT

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Use to structure and give meaning to our

web content, for example defining
paragraphs, headings, and data tables, or
embedding images and videos in the
page.
To apply styling to our HTML
content, for example setting
background colors and fonts, and
laying out our content in multiple
columns.

To create dynamically
updating content, control
multimedia, animate images.

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<p>Player 1: Chris</p>

p{
font-family: 'helvetica neue', helvetica, sans-
serif;
letter-spacing: 1px;
text-transform: uppercase;
const para = document.querySelector('p');
text-align: center;
border: 2px solid rgba(0,0,200,0.6);
para.addEventListener('click', updateName);
background: rgba(0,0,200,0.3);
color: rgba(0,0,200,0.6);
function updateName() {
box-shadow: 1px 1px 2px
const name = prompt('Enter a new name');
rgba(0,0,200,0.4);
para.textContent = `Player 1: ${name}`;
border-radius: 10px;
}
padding: 3px 10px;
display: inline-block;
cursor: pointer;
}

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JavaScript - Coding Ways/ Script

Placement
Script in Script in
<head>...</head> section. <body>...</body> section.

Script in an external file and

Script in
then include in
<head>and <body> section.
<head>...</head> section.

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JavaScript - Coding Ways/ Script

Placement
Script in Script in
<head>...</head> section. <body>...</body> section.

Script in an external file and

Script in
then include in
<head>and <body> section.
<head>...</head> section.

Note
In HTML, JavaScript code is inserted between
<script> and </script> tags.

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JavaScript - Example 1
Script in <html>
<head>...</head>
section.
<head>
<script>
document.write("Hello
World")
</script>
</head>
</html>

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JavaScript - Example 1.1

Script in <html>
<head>...</head> <head>
section.
<script>
alert("Hello World")
</script>
</head>
</html>

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JavaScript - Example 2
Script in <html>
<body>...</body>
section.
<body>
<script>
document.write("Hello
World")
</script>
</body>
</html>

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Example
4
<html>
Script in <head>
<head>and <script type = "text/javascript">
</body> <!--
section.
function sayHello() {
alert("Hello World")
}
//-->
</script>
</head>

<body>
<input type = "button" onclick = "sayHello()" value = "Say Hello" />
</body>
</html>

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Example 4 : Output

Script in
<head>and
</body> section.

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Example
5
<html>
<head>
Script in <script type = "text/javascript" src = "filename.js" ></script>
an </head>
external
<body>
file and <h2>Demo External JavaScript</h2>
then
include in <button type="button" onclick="sayHello()">Try it</button>
</body>
<head>...< </html>
/head>
section.

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Example 5 : Output

Script in
an
external
file and
then
include in
<head>...<
/head>
section.

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JavaScript - Vue
Open Source

Used to develop interactive web interfaces.

VueJS focusses on the view layer

It is easily integrated into big projects for front-end

development without any issues.

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JavaScript - Vue Example

<html>
<head>
<title>VueJs Introduction</title>
<script type = "text/javascript" src =
"js/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id = "intro" style = "text-align:center;">
<h1>{{ message }}</h1>
</div>
<script type = "text/javascript">
var vue_det = new Vue({
el: '#intro',
data: {
message: 'My first VueJS Task'
} Department of Computer Engineering
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Example Vue : Output

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JavaScript - AngularJs

Powerful JavaScript Framework.

Used in Single Page Application (SPA) projects

Open Source

It extends HTML DOM with additional attributes and

makes it more responsive to user actions

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JavaScript - AngularJs

It Uses Model View Controller Architecture

● Model - maintains the data
● View : Display of data/Appearance of data
● Controller : Interface between model and View

AngularJS framework can be divided into three major

parts

ng-app ng-model ng-bind

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JavaScript - AngularJs

ng-app This directive defines and links an AngularJS application to HTML.

This directive binds the values of AngularJS application data

ng-model to HTML input controls.

This directive binds the AngularJS application data to

ng-bind HTML tags.

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JavaScript - AngularJS Example

<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS First Application</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Sample Application</h1>

<div ng-app = "">

<p>Enter your Name: <input type = "text" ng-model = "name"></p>
<p>Hello <span ng-bind = "name"></span>!</p>
</div>

<script src =
"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js">
</script>

</body>
</html>
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JavaScript - ReactJS Example

https://slides.com/alexanderfarennikov/react-js-fundamentals/fullscreen#/4/7

import React fromp 'react';

import llogo from './logo.svg';
import './App.css';
function App() {
return (
<div className="App">
Hello World !
</div>
);
}
export default App;

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● Angular, developed by Google, was first

released in 2010, making it the oldest of the lot. It
is a TypeScript-based JavaScript framework.
● React, developed by Facebook, was initially
released in 2013. Facebook uses React
extensively in their products (Facebook,
Instagram, and WhatsApp).
● Vue, also known as Vue.js, is the youngest
member of the group. It was developed by ex-
Google employee Evan You in 2014.

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Department of Computer Engineering