UNDER THE GUIDENCE
V.LEELA LAKSHMI MAM
DONE BY
U.MAMATHESWARI
PHARM.D 2ND YEAR
DEFINITION
• LEPROSY also known as HANSENS DISEASE
• It is a chronic disease caused by
MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE
• The mycobacterium leprae bacteria was first
discovered by DR.HANSEN DISEASE
• It has low pathogencity,only a small proportion of
infected people develop signs of the disease
• After entering the body, bacilli migrate towards
the neural tissue and enter the SCHWANN CELLS
CAUSATIVE AGENT
IS
MYCOBACTRIUM
LEPRAE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
• ALL ages are early infrant to very old age
• Youngest age reported is 1to half month
• Males are more than females
• In the ratio 2:1
• Prevalence pool
• Constant flux resulting from inflow and outflow
• Inflow is new cases, relapse, immigration
• Outflow is cure, inactivation, death, emigration
• Global prevalance rate is less than one case per
10,000 persons
MYCOBACTERIUM
LEPRAE
• It is an acid fast, rod shaped bacilli and an
obligate intracellular bacterium
• It is maainly affects nerves and skin
• BACILLI have effinity for the cooler tissue
• BACTERIUM invades either dermal nerves or main
peripheral nerve
• In the region that are relatively cooler especially
face and limbs
• Not all people who are infected with m.leprae
develop symtoms
• Conditons that reduce immune functions such as
malnutrition, other illness or genetic
mutations,may ncrease the risk of developing
leprosy
• The infectively may be from the following sources
• DIRECT CONTACT WITH UNTREATED LEPROSY
PATIENT
• who shed numerous bacilli from
Damaged skin
nasal secretion
mucous membrane of mouth
hair follicles
• MATERNO-FOETAL TRANSMISSION
• TRANSMISSION FROM MILK
IMMUNOLOGY OF
LEPROSY
• The immune response in leprosy is t-cell
mediated delayed hypersensitivity
• Person with GOOD CMI RESPONSE develops
mider and localized from the disease with less
bacterial load
• Where as persons with WEAK OR ABSENT CMI
develop disseminated wide spread disease with
high bacterial load
• LYMPPPHOCYTES(CD4-THELPER CELLS)
• HISTIOCYTES INVADE THE INFECTED TISSUE
CLASSIFICATON
• THERE ARE 5 GROUPS
• TT(TUBERCULOID POLAR) HIGH RESISTANCE
• BT(BORDERLINE TUBERCULOID)
• BB(MID BORDERLINE)DIMORPHIC
• BL(BORDERLINE LEPROMATOUS)
• LL(LEPROMATOUS POLAR)
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION
• SKIN NODULES
• SADDLE NOSE
• LEONINE FACIES
• EAR LOBE THICKENING
• CORNEAL ANESTHESIA
• CLAW HAND
• FOOT DROP
• MADAROSIS
• THICKENED PERIPHERAL NERVES
• LAGOPHTHALMOS
COMPLICATION
• NEUROLOGICAL
CLAWING OF HANDS
AUTOAMPUTATION OF FINGERS
HAMMER TOES
CUTANEOUS ARE
LEONINE FACES
COLLAPSED NASAL BRIDGE
OPHTHALMIC
CONJUNCTIVITIS
LAGOPHTHALMOS
INCUBATION PERIOD
• FROM 9 MONTHS TO 20 YEARS
• AVERAGE 4 YEARS FOR TUBER CULOID LEPROSY
• TWICE FOR LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY
TREATMENT
• Combination of dapsone Rifampicin tablect
• Clofazimine
• Dapsone pills
• Rifampicine-600mg
THANK YOU
