The Poultry Industry
Dr. Michael Smith
U.S. Poultry Industry
Broilers Eggs Turkey
U.S. Poultry Industry
Highly specialized and efficient set of enterprises. Leader in trends of industrialization in agriculture over the last 50 years. Started on family farms in the Midwest grain production plentiful. Broilers small flocks; eggs grocery money. Spread to east coast Maine & Delmarva California South labor plentiful, inexpensive housing, mild climate
Commercial Production Today
95% w/20,000 growers 85% of eggs are produced by 2,000 large companies 20,000 growers provide 18% of production
Importance
Poultry convert feedstuff to food efficiently. As indicated below, Boilers have the most favorable PER and FC ratio. Species Cattle Sheep Swine Broilers Turkeys Feed/ Grain 6.5 7.9 6.3 7.1 3.1 3.9 1.8 2.2 2.5 3.2
Importance
Poultry industry is dynamic Short period required for growth and marketing Can adjust rapidly to changing economic factors
feed, availability, cost, number of birds on feed.
Other livestock industries require longer length of time from birth to market (e.g. cattle).
Importance
By-product feeds fed to poultry: blood meal, fish meal, meat and bone, distillers grains. Not used for human consumption
Importance
Layers provide a continuous source of food.
Meat animals must be fed for a long period of time before a usable product is obtained. Layers produce several times its weight in eggs. Products from meat animals are restricted to final market weight.
Importance
Vegetarians consume eggs.
In some countries meat eaters are the minority. Religion. Egg consumption acceptable.
Importance
Poultry products are relatively inexpensive. Poultry meats are one of the best meat buys in the supermarket.
Beef Pork Chicken Turkey
1989 2.66 1.83 .93 .99
Average Retail Price ($/lb) 1991 1992 1993 2.88 2.85 2.94 2.12 1.98 1.94 .88 .87 .88 1.00 1.00 1.06
1995 3.54 2.18 1.39
2000 2.53 2.28 1.55 .99
Importance
Poultry manure as fertilizer.
Organic farming Premium price? Rich in Nitrogen and organic material. By-product feed for ruminants
Present Status of the Industry
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Broiler Production
2002 Statistics Production Time Feed Efficiency Number Slaughtered Live Weight Average Weight (5.01) Price Farm Wholesale Retail Per Capita Consumption Marketing Method Whole Cut-up Parts Further Processed 47 days 1.8 lbs of feed/gain 44.1 billion lbs. 3.8 = Fast Food 4.63 = Retail 6.0 = Deboning 36.5 61.5 $1.50 77 8 46 46
(30%) (32%) (37%)
Broiler Production
Egg Production
2002 Statistics Number of Layers Number of Eggs Per Layer Total Number of Eggs Per Capita Consumption Prices Farm Retail Processed Egg Products White Egg Production 237 million 257 86.7 billion 254 59 Jumbo = 249-289 Extra Large = 219-249 Large = 199-239 Medium = 179-199
; 100; 87; 61
Egg Production
Turkey Production
Statistics Number Slaughtered Price Farm Retail Per Capita Consumption Marketing Methods Whole Birds Cut-up Parts Further Processed Production Time Toms Hens Average Weight Toms Hens Feed Efficiency Toms Hens 281 million 36.5 /lb 97.0 19 lbs 40 % 16 % 44 % 18 15 26 15 2.8 2.6
Turkey Production
Production Figures
Income (U.S.) 2003 (2002) $23.3 billion total ($20.5 billion) Broilers Eggs Turkeys 65 % 23 % 12 %
Broilers Turkeys Eggs
2003 (2002) Produced (lbs) Farm Price 34.6 44 billion (30.5 ) 36.0 7.55 billion (36.5 ) 87.2 billion 73.1 /doz [7.26 billion dozen] (59 )
Value $15.2 billion $2.72 billion $5.32 billion
Production Figures
Tennessee Income 2003 (2002) Produced (lbs) Farm Price 948,000,000 34 (894,700,000) (30 ) 290,000,000 $1.32 [24.2 million doz] ($1.27) (300,000,000)
Broilers Eggs
Value $322,320,000 ($268,410,000) $31,900,000 ($31,750,000)
World Poultry Distribution
Important that producers have a global perspective Potential competitors Potential markets
World Poultry Distribution
Chickens 14,857 million China US Brazil 3771 million 1830 million 1006 million
Ducks China Vietnam Indonesia Thailand
917 million 636 million 57 million 28 million 27 million
Turkeys U.S. France Italy
243 million 88 million 42 million 25 million
Retail Price
Washington D.C.
Broilers 1.03
Mexico City
.55
Paris
1.34
Rome
1.83
Stockhol m
2.86
Tokyo
2.26
Eggs
.77
.54
.84
1.29
2.30
1.74
Figure 1. Per Capita Consumption of Poultry in Canada and the United States
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Future of the Industry
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Increased biotechnology. Embrex Inovoject Increased mass production- year round availability of products. More contract and integrated production. Larger integrators. Increased labor- saving device. Sustainable agriculture. Increased attention to poultry behavior and welfare. Increased food safety. Increased quality of products. Increased consumption.
Careers In Poultry
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