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Menu Planning
For
Asthma
Submitted to:
Ma'am Momina
Submitted by:
1. Inshrah Farooq 70105850
2. Raisa Rafique Gill 70105743
3. Pakeeza Khan 70107572
4. Sana Arshad 70107868
5. Salsabeel Saifullah 70106562
6. Anzish Abaid 70106320
7. Meezab e Rehmat Qamar 70105742
8. Zainab Zulfiqar 70106729
9. Fatima Tuz Zahera 70098243
10.Zainab Shafique 70099194
11.Mehreen 70107590 3
ASTHMA
Definition:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. The
chronic inflammation causes an increase in the airway hyper-responsiveness
that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness
and cough, particularly at night or early in morning.
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Symptoms:
Repeated
Rash associated infections or bouts
with your of bronchitis
fever
congestion
Coughing with
physical breathlessness
activity
Chest tightness
Most frequent Wheezing
coughing
Risk factors: Exposure to
Triggers :
smoke,exhaust,f
umes or other
types of
Pollution
pollution
Allergic Smoking
Exposure to conditions like
chemicals atopic
dermatitis
pets
Dust mites
mold
Cigarette
overweight
smoking
Cleaning and
Disinfection.
Family history
Physical activity
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Structural Anatomy
Characteristics of asthma: Normal bronchiole wall
• Obstruction.
• Inflammation.
• Hyperresponsiveness.
Lamina propia contain:
• Mast cells
• Macrophages
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Cont.…
• mucosal infiltration of activated
Asthmatic bronchiole wall esinophills
• Thickning of basement membrane
• Goblet cells metaplasia
• Increase inflamation
• Smoothe muscles hyperthrophy and
thickning
• Occlusion of airway by musocal plug
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Pathophysiology
Players in pathophysiology
IgE bodies Mast cells Esinophills
T-helpers Dendritic cells
cells
Promote inflamation
Cell mediated
immunity
Promote inflamation
Humoral immunity
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Cont.…
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Asthma Diagnosis and Tests
Asthma can usually be diagnosed from symptoms and some
simple tests
Physical Exam
Medical History
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Lung Function Tests
• To diagnose asthma
• To monitor its progression.
Types of lung function tests
1. Spirometry:
Taking a deep breath and forceful
exhalation into a sensor.
2. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR):
PEFR, is a person's maximum speed of expiration, breathe
in repeated short gasps as measured with a peak flow meter.
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3. FeNO test:
• A FeNO test – also called exhaled nitric oxide testing – measures
the amount of inflammation in your lungs.
• It is use for asthma diagnosis and management
Apart from above, these are some additional
tests to diagnose asthma / bronchial asthma:
Methacholine challenge or asthma trigger
is used even if your initial lung function test is
normal.
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Chest X-ray imaging tests
to find out structural abnormalities or
diseases or infection
Sputum eosinophils
to look for white blood cells -
eosinophils in your sputum during
coughing
Cold-induced or exercise-induced
asthma testing
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Nutrient and herbs for Asthma
Here are five herbs and supplements that some claim
can relieve your asthma symptoms:
1. Turmeric:
Turmeric gets its color from curcumin. Its
capsules , helped reduce airway obstruction and could be a
helpful complementary treatment for asthma.
2. Ginseng and garlic:
Common herbs and available in a variety of
supplement forms. Ginseng improve respiratory
conditions. Garlic is also thought to have significant
health benefits. 15
3. Chinese herb combinations:
The combination called (ASHMI) is one
of them. This blend claim that this combination of herbs
can reduce airway constriction.
4. Black seed:
This spice is also known as Nigella sativa.
it has medicinal benefits, including reducing asthma
symptoms
5. Honey:
This sweet and natural substance may help different
aspects of your asthma.
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Nutritional management
Plant-based diets
• Diets emphasizing fruits, vegetables, and whole
grains, while placing less emphasis on high-fat meats
and dairy products, have been associated with
reduced asthma risk.
Antioxidants
• Researchers suggest that the antioxidants found in
plant foods contribute to reduced airway
inflammation
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• Vitamin C
which is found in vegetables and fruits and is absent in meats, supports
the hydration of airway surfaces and scavenges and reduces free radicals.
• Dietary carotenoids
including α-carotene, β-crypto xanthin ,
lutein/ zeaxanthin , and lycopene) are associated with
improvements in lung function.
• Flavonoids and selenium have been shown to confer
a protective effect on asthma control
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• Vitamin D insufficiency is also linked to asthma
severity.
• Insufficient magnesium (Mg) intake can influence
the management of asthma. Some drugs used in the
treatment of asthma reduce the body’s magnesium
storage.
• Vegetarians and vegans: Sticking with fruits,
veggies, whole grains, beans, nuts, and seeds is a
snap for vegetarians. If you're vegan you'd need to
skip the dairy products.
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• Low-sodium diet: You’ll rely on herbs and
spices for flavor instead of salt, which helps if
you’re looking for a low-sodium diet.
• Low-fat diet: The Mediterranean diet doesn’t
qualify as a low-fat diet. But it is low
in saturated fat and is well within the
American Heart Association’s guidelines.
• Gluten-free: If you're avoiding gluten, you can
choose grains without gluten
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DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
ASTHMA
• There are no specific dietary recommendations for people
with asthma, but certain foods can
support lung function
boost the immune system
and reduce asthma symptoms.
• However, some foods may worsen symptoms or increase
the chance of asthma developing.
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FOODS TO EAT FOODS TO AVOID
• Vitamin D rich foods such as fatty fish, egg yolks , cheese, liver • Sulfites added in pickled foods, alcohol, dried fruits, grape juice
• Citrus fruits such as oranges and grapefruit • Salicylates that are present in
• Whole grains such as barley, whole wheat bread, oatmeal • Tea
• Coffee
• spicy foods
• food flavored with herbs
• Antioxidant foods such as • Avoid Fast food which tend to be highly processed
• Dark chocolate
• Strawberries
• Red cabbage
• Spinach
• Magnesium rich foods • Common food allergens such as
• Pumpkin seeds • Shellfish
• Cashews • Nuts
• Spinach
• Low fat dairy products
• Healthy fats such as olive oil, seeds • Avoid Carbonated drinks
• Vitamin E rich sources including almonds,brocolli • Avoid trans fat
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DIET CHART FOR ASTHMA (1500 kcal. Approx.)
TIME OF THE DAY FOOD ITEMS
2 slices of Bread + 2 boiled Egg + 1 slice of low-fat mozzarella
Breakfast (8:00-8:30AM)
cheese
Mid- Morning Meal (11:00-11:30AM) Strawberries (6-7) + 1 Guava
Boiled Rice (1 cup ) + Kidney Beans (1 cup) cooked in olive oil +
Lunch (2:00-2:30PM)
Veg. Salad (tomato, radish, onion, cucumber) 1 cup
Evening (4:00-4:30PM) Green Tea (1 cup) with 1/2 tsp honey + 4 Almonds + 5-6 Raisins
1 Chapati (6 inches across) + Veg. curry cooked in olive oil (1/2 cup)
Dinner (8:00-8:30PM)
+ Mint & Coriander low fat Yogurt (1/2 cup)
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CALORIE COUNT FOR EACH MEAL OF THE DAY
BREAKFAST : 2 slices of Bread + 2 boiled Egg + 1 slice of low-fat
mozzarella cheese 295 calories ≈
MID – MORNING MEAL : Strawberries (6-7) + 1 Guava 160 calories ≈
LUNCH : Boiled Rice (1 cup ) + Kidney Beans (1 cup)cooked in olive oil +
Veg. Salad (tomato, radish, onion, cucumber) 1 cup 465 calories ≈
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EVENING: Green Tea (1 cup) with 1/2 tsp honey + 4 Almonds + 5-6 Raisins 90 calories ≈
DINNER : 1 Chapati (6 inches across) + Veg. curry (1/2 cup) cooked in olive oil+ 330 calories ≈
Mint & Coriander low fat Yogurt (1/2 cup)
TOTAL CALORIES : 1300
200 Additional Calories for spices & condiments = 1500 kcal
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References:
• https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/faqs.htm#:~:text=Select%20a%20Language-,What%20Is
%20Asthma%3F,or%20early%20in%20the%20morning
.
• https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/asthma/symptoms/
• https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/learn-about
-asthma/what-causes-asthma
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii
/S1357303916000657#:~:text=Asthma%20is%20characterized%20by%20a,activation
%20of%20sensory%20nerve%20endings
..
• https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/asthma/diagnosis/#:~:text=The%20main%20tests%2
0used%20to,can%20hold%20in%20your%20lungs
• https://healthmatch.io/asthma/how-effective-are-herbs-for-asthma
• https://www.webmd.com/asthma/guide/asthma-diet-what-you-should-know
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