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Human Survival and Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases are caused by harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, which can spread through various means including air, food, and physical contact. Common infectious diseases include influenza, tuberculosis, and COVID-19, with symptoms ranging from fever to severe complications if untreated. Prevention strategies include good hygiene, vaccination, and controlling vectors, while treatment varies based on the type of pathogen involved.

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33 views11 pages

Human Survival and Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases are caused by harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, which can spread through various means including air, food, and physical contact. Common infectious diseases include influenza, tuberculosis, and COVID-19, with symptoms ranging from fever to severe complications if untreated. Prevention strategies include good hygiene, vaccination, and controlling vectors, while treatment varies based on the type of pathogen involved.

Uploaded by

shehroz.chemist
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Human Survival

and Infectious
Diseases
Natural Science
1. Introduction
Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses,
fungi, or parasites. Many organisms live in and on our bodies. They are normally
harmless or even helpful, but under certain conditions, some organisms may
cause disease. Infectious diseases can spread directly or indirectly from one
person to another.
2. What Are Infectious Diseases?
• Infectious diseases occur when
harmful microorganisms invade
the body, multiply, and interfere
with normal body functions. They
can spread through air, water,
food, physical contact, or animal
bites. Examples include influenza,
malaria, and COVID-19.
3. Types of Infectious Agents
• There are four major types of infectious agents:
1. Bacteria – Single-celled microorganisms causing diseases like
tuberculosis.
2. Viruses – Smaller organisms that invade living cells; cause flu, HIV,
and COVID-19.
3. Fungi– Cause skin diseases like athlete’s foot.
4. Parasites– Organisms like tapeworms or malaria protozoa that live on
or inside a host.
4. Transmission of Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases can spread in several ways:
• Airborne transmission – e.g., sneezing or coughing.
• Contaminated food and water – e.g., cholera.
• Direct contact – touching or kissing an infected person.
• Vector-borne – through insects like mosquitoes.
• Bodily fluids – through blood or saliva.
5. Common Infectious Diseases
• Some of the most common infectious diseases affecting humans
include:
• Influenza (Flu)
• Tuberculosis
• COVID-19
• Malaria
• HIV/AIDS
• Cholera
• Measles
6. Symptoms and Effects
• Symptoms vary depending on
the disease but often include
fever, fatigue, muscle aches,
coughing, diarrhea, and
inflammation. If untreated,
some infections can lead to
severe complications, organ
failure, or even death.
7. Prevention and Control
To prevent infectious diseases:
• Maintain good hygiene (hand washing).
• Get vaccinated.
• Use clean water and safe food practices.
• Avoid close contact with infected
individuals.
• Use protective gear like masks when
necessary.
• Control insect vectors.
8. Treatment Methods
Treatment depends on the type of
pathogen:
• Bacterial infections – treated
with antibiotics.
• Viral infections – managed
through antiviral drugs or vaccines.
• Fungal infections – treated using
antifungal medicines.
• Parasitic infections – require
antiparasitic drugs.
9. The Role of Immunity
• The immune system protects
the body from infections by
identifying and attacking
harmful pathogens. Immunity
can be natural (from birth) or
acquired (through vaccines or
past infections). A strong
immune system is essential for
survival against infectious
diseases.
THANK YOU
Any Questions?

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