Lecture 07: Basic Data Types

Course Leader: Jishmi Jos Choondal

Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences

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 Objectives

• At the end of this lecture, student will be able to

– explain the basic data types of Python

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 Topics

• int type
• float type
• complex type
• str type
• bool type

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 Data Types
• In the real world, we use data all the time without bothering to consider what kind
of data we are using

• For example, consider this sentence:

“In 2007, Micaela paid $120,000 for her house at 24 East Maple Street.”

• This sentence includes at least four pieces of data

– Name
– Date
– Price
– Address

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 Data Types in Python
• In programming,
– A data type defines a set of values and a set of operations that can be performed on
those values
– A literal is the way a value of a data type looks to a programmer

• The programmer can use a literal in a program to mention a data value

• When Python interpreter evaluates a literal, the value it returns is simply that literal
• Table shows sample literals of several Python data types

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 Python’s Core Data Types
• The Table previews Python’s built-in types and some of the syntax used to code their
literals

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 The int Type
• The integers include 0, the positive whole numbers, and the negative whole
numbers
• The int class is designed to represent integer values
• Object of this type represent integers (both positive and negative)
• Cannot store a fractional part

• The call int(), can be used to construct an object of type integer based on an existing
value of another type
• It is helpful for converting other types like float and string to the type int
 int(3.14) produce the value 3
 int(3.99) produce the value 3
 int(-3.9) produces the value -3
 int(‘137’) produces the value 137
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 The int Type - Examples
>>>15 #positive integer
15

>>> -15 #negative integer

-15

>>> -0o15 #negative octal integer; octal constant is represented with leading 0o and
consists of numbers from 0 to 7
-13

>>>0x12abc4 #hexadecimal integer; hexadecimal constant is represented with leading 0X or

0x and consists of digits and alphabets (a-f) in upper case or lower case
1223620

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 Long Integers

• Usually, in various programming languages such as C, the notion of int type and long
int type exists based on the range of integers that they can represent
– for example, int type may represent -2**31 to 2**31 - 1 and long int may represent
-2**63 to 2**63 -1

• In older versions of Python (namely Python 2.X too), the above distinction is
prevelant

• In Python 3.X, there is only int type irrespective of the number of bits required to
represent it
– For example, whatever may the number of bytes (or words) required to represent an
integer, the necessary number of bytes is allocated by Python
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The int Type - Examples

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 The float Type
• The float data type allows to store numbers that have a decimal part
• Float constant
– Any literal constant made up only digits(with an optional leading sign) with either
a decimal point (.) or an exponentiation (e/E)
• Examples
>>>123.5
123.5
>>> 123.0
123.0
>>>12e2
1200.0
>>>123.5e2
12350.0 11
 The float Type contd.
• The float( ) is helpful for converting other types like int and string to the type float

 float(2) produces the floating point value 2.0

 float(‘3.14’) produces the floating point value 3.14

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 The complex Type
• The complex Type allows us to represent complex numbers
• The notation to represent complex numbers with real part x and imaginary part y
x+yj or x+yJ

• Examples
>>> 2+3J
(2+3j)
>>> (2+3j).real
2.0
>>> (2+3j).imag
3.0

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The complex Type contd.

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 The complex Type contd.

• Objects of type complex can be constructed using the constructor call complex()
• The following statements are identical in function
x= 2+3j
x= complex(2,3)

• complex() is helpful for converting other types like int and string to the type float
>>> complex()
0j
>>> complex(2)
(2+0j)
>>> complex(“2+3j”)
(2+3j)
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 The String Type
• The string type (str) allows to store sequence of characters in addition to numeric
values

• The string literals can be enclosed in single, double or triple quotes

• The following statements display the same output Hello
>>>print('Hello')
>>>print("Hello")
>>>print('''Hello''')

• Empty string
>>> ''
''
>>> ""
''
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 The String Type

• String literals may be delimited using either single or double quotes.

All the characters between the opening delimiter and matching
closing delimiter are part of the string:

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The String Type

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Numeric

# Python program to
# demonstrate numeric value

a=5
print("Type of a: ", type(a))

b = 5.0
print("\nType of b: ", type(b))

c = 2 + 4j
print("\nType of c: ", type(c))

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String
String1 = 'Welcome to RUAS'
print("String with the use of Single Quotes: ")
print(String1)
# Creating a String
# with double Quotes
String1 = "I'm a Student"
print("\nString with the use of Double Quotes: ")
print(String1)
print(type(String1))
# Creating a String
# with triple Quotes
String1 = '''I'm a Student at RUAS"'''
print("\nString with the use of Triple Quotes: ")
print(String1)
print(type(String1))
# Creating String with triple
# Quotes allows multiple lines
String1 = ''‘Student
For Life'''
print("\nCreating a multiline String: ")
print(String1) 20
String

# Python Program to Access

# characters of String

String1 = “Hello"
In Python, individual characters of a String can be
print("Initial String: ")
accessed by using the method of Indexing.
print(String1)
Indexing allows negative address references to
# Printing First character
access characters from the back of the String, e.g.
print("\nFirst character of String is: ")
-1 refers to the last character, -2 refers to the
print(String1[0])
second last character and so on.
# Printing Last character
print("\nLast character of String is: ")
print(String1[-1])

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List

• Lists are just like dynamic sized arrays, declared in other languages
(vector in C++ and ArrayList in Java). Lists need not be homogeneous
always which makes it the most powerful tool in Python.
• The main characteristics of lists are:
• The list is a datatype available in Python which can be written as a list of
comma-separated values (items) between square brackets.
• List are mutable .i.e it can be converted into another data type and can store
any data element in it.
• List can store any type of element.

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List Example
# Python3 program to demonstrate
# List

# Creating a List
List = []
print("Blank List: ")
print(List)

# Creating a List of numbers

List = [10, 20, 14]
print("\nList of numbers: ")
print(List)
List items ??
# Creating a List of strings and accessing
# using index
List = [“Eggs", “Bread", “Butter"]
print("\nList Items: ")
print(List[0]) 23
Tuple

• Tuple is an immutable sequence in python.

• It cannot be changed or replaced since it is immutable.
• It is defined under parenthesis().
• Tuples can store any type of element.

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Tuple Example

# Creating an empty Tuple

Tuple1 = ()
print("Initial empty Tuple: ")
print (Tuple1)

# Creating a Tuple with

# the use of list
list1 = [1, 2, 4, 5, 6]
print("\nTuple using List: ")
print(tuple(list1))

#Creating a Tuple Tuple with the use of function ??

#with the use of built-in function
Tuple1 = tuple(‘RUAS')
print("\nTuple with the use of function: ")
print(Tuple1)

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Set

Set is an unordered collection of data type that is iterable, mutable, and has no
duplicate elements. The major advantage of using a set, as opposed to a list, is
that it has a highly optimized method for checking whether a specific element is
contained in the set.
The main characteristics of set are –
• Sets are an unordered collection of elements or unintended collection of
items In python.
• Here the order in which the elements are added into the set is not fixed, it can
change frequently.
• It is defined under curly braces{}
• Sets are mutable, however, only immutable objects can be stored in it.
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 Set Example
# Python3 program to demonstrate
# Set in Python
# Creating a Set
set1 = set() Initial blank Set:
print("Initial blank Set: ") Set()
print(set1)
# Creating a Set with Set with use of an object:
# the use of Constructor {‘a’, ‘R’, ‘m’, ‘i’, ‘h’}
# (Using object to Store String)
String = ‘Ramaiah' Set with use of list:
set1 = set(String) {‘Bread’, ‘Butter’}
print("\nSet with the use of an Object: " )
print(set1)
# Creating a Set with
# the use of a List
set1 = set([“Bread", “Butter", “Butter"])
print("\nSet with the use of List: ")
print(set1)
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Dictionary

• Dictionary holds key:value pair.

• Key-Value is provided in the dictionary to make it more optimized.

Dict = {1: ‘Bread', 2: ‘Butter', 3: ‘Jam'}

print(Dict)

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 The type Function
a = (“This", “is", “RUAS")
b = [“This", “is", “RUAS"]
c = {“This": 1, “is":2, “RUAS":3}
d = "Hello World"
e = 10.23
f = 11.22

print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
print(type(d))
print(type(e))
print(type(f))

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 The bool Type
• The bool class is used to manipulate logical (Boolean) values

• The only two instances of that class are expressed as the literals
1. True
2. False

• Numbers evaluate to False if zero, and True if nonzero

• Sequences and other container types, such as strings and lists, evaluate to False if
empty and True if nonempty

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The bool Type

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 Summary
• The basic data types of Python are int, float, complex, str and bool
• The int class is designed to represent integer values
• The float data type allows to store numbers that have a decimal part
• The complex Type allows to represent complex numbers
• The str type allow to represent a sequence of characters
• The bool class is used to manipulate logical (Boolean) values

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