GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

CONCEPTS by: Mariane D. Duyo, RN, LPT

 What is Gender and
Development?

is a way of looking at how men and

women live and work in society, and how
they are treated differently because of
their gender. It focuses on making sure
that both women and men have equal
chances and rights in all parts of life—like
education, work, and decision-making.
Ester Boserup
She made a major contribution to Gender
and Development through her
groundbreaking 1970 book, Women’s
Role in Economic Development

She showed that women are vital to

economic development but often ignored,
and her research changed how
development programs think about
gender, leading to more inclusive and
equal policies.
 Gender Situation in the Philippines

The population is almost evenly split

The Philippines has about 116 to 118
between women (50.1%) and men
million people in 2025.
(49.9%), with slightly more women.

The average age is young- about 26 Women face challenges like lower
years old, meaning many Filipinos are wages, fewer job opportunities, and
young adults or children. risk of gender-based violence.
 Gender and Development indicators in the
Philippines

The Philippines is one of the top Women have about 80% equal
countries in Asia for gender equality, participation in jobs and income
ranking 20th out of 148 countries compared to men, which is the best in
worldwide. Asia.

The government has strong laws like Women still have fewer roles in politics
the Magna Carta of Women to support and leadership, and violence against
women’s rights and promote gender women remains a problem.
equality.
 Gender and Development indicators in the
Philippines

Girls often do better in school Women spend more time on

than boys, but women are still unpaid housework and caregiving
less represented in some fields than men, which can limit their
like engineering and leadership job opportunities.
roles.
GAD INTERNATIONAL POLICIES

1.UN Convention on Elimination

and Discrimination against
Women (CEDAW)

• Often referred to as Global Charter of

Rights for Women

• It establishes an agenda for national

action to end prejudice against women
while defining what constitutes such
behavior.
 2. Beijing Platform for Action
(1995)
It is a detailed agenda agreed upon by 189
countries to advance women’s rights and
gender equality.

• It focuses on 12 critical areas of concern

-poverty, education, health, violence against
women, economic participation, political
power, human rights, and the environment.

The BPfA calls for governments and

organizations to integrate gender
perspectives into all policies and
programs
- This is called gender mainstreaming, a
key strategy in GAD.
3. Millennium Development
--- MDGs main focus:
Goals and Sustainable
Reducing extreme poverty,
Development Goals (Global hunger, child mortality, and
Goals)
The MDGs were the first global targets to promoting basic education and
improve basic human needs and gender gender equality by 2015
equality by 2015.

SDGs build on this by setting a broader,

--- SDGs main focus:
more ambitious agenda for sustainable Ending poverty and hunger,
development worldwide by 2030. ensuring health, education,
gender equality, clean water,
These is a set of 17 interconnected climate action, peace and
international objectives that are intended
partnership by 2030
to serve as a common blueprint for peace
and prosperity for people and the planet,
now and into the future.
 GAD National Policies
1. 1987 Philippine Constitution
(Republic of the Philippines’
Constitution)
• It is the highest legislation
• It is a Bill of Rights to guarantee
freedoms and equality for all Filipinos

Article II, Section 14: “The State

recognizes the role of women in nation-
building and shall ensure the fundamental
equality before the law of women and
men.”
Article XIII, Section 14 (Labor): The State
must protect working women, provide safe
conditions, and support their welfare and full
potential.
These constitutional provisions require the
government to:

Value the dignity of every person

Promote equal opportunities

Protect women’s rights

 GAD National Policies

2. RA 9710: Magna Carta for Women

It is a thorough human rights law for women that

aims to end discrimination against them by
recognizing, upholding, and advancing their
rights, particularly those underpriviliged Filipino
women.

Goal? - to eliminate all forms of

discrimination against women by
guaranteering their rights in line with the
Philippine Constitution and international
agreements.
 GAD National Policies

3. RA 7192: Women in Nation-Building Act

It is enacted in 1992 that promotes the full and

equal participation of women alingside men
in the country’s development and nation-
building efforts.

It legally requires the government to plan, fund,

and implement programs that promote gender
equality and empower women as full partners in
building the nation.
 GAD National Policies
4. Joint Memorandum Circulars 2012-1, 2013-01,
and 2016-01

JMC 2012-01
Issued by the Philippine Commission on Women (PCW),
Department of Budget and Management (DBM), and
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA).

Provides guidelines for government agencies on how

to prepare, submit, implement, monitor, and report
their annual Gender and Development plans and
budgets.
 JMC 2013-01
Issued by PCW, DILG, DBM and NEDA

Focuses on the localization of the Magna Carta of

Women, providing policies and procedures for
mainstreaming gender perspectives in local
government units (LGUs).

JMC 2016-01
An ammendment to JMC 2013-01 Issued by PCW, DILG,
DBM and NEDA

Provides updated guidelines to strengthen the

implementation of gender mainstreaming at the local level,
improving the localization process of GAD polices and
programs.
JMC 2012-01

guides national agencies on preparing and reporting

their gender equality plans and budgets.

JMC 2013-01 and 2016-01

focus on helping local governments include gender equality

in their planning and budgeting.
 GAD-related Plans
1. Philippine Plan for Gender Responsive
Development (1995-2025)

Is a comprehensive, government-wide strategu to

mainstream gender equality and women’s
empowerment in all aspects of development.

Goal? - To integrate gender equality and women’s

empowerment into government planning,
programming, and budgeting processes nationwide.
 GAD-related Plans
2. Gender Equality and Women’s
Empowerment (GEWE) Plan (2019-2025)

Is the Philippine government’s key framework and

guide for promoting gender equality and empowering
women across all sectors.

Goal?
-Expanded Economic Opportunities for Women
-Accelerated Human Capital Development
-Reduction of Gender-Based Violence and Enhanced
Gender Perspectives in Justice and Security
 GAD-related Plans
3. Philippine Development Plan (2017-2022)

AmBisyon Natin 2040

Reflects the Filipino people’s collective aspiration for a
matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay para sa
lahat

Aims to lay a strong foundation for inclusive growth, a

high-trust and resilient society, and a globally
competitive knowledge economy.

The plan targets reducing poverty, increasing

employment, improving human development, and
fostering innovation and resilience.