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EV Electronics Sensorless Control

The document discusses the essential components and control methods in electric vehicle (EV) power electronics, including various devices like MOSFETs and IGBTs, as well as converters and inverters. It highlights the importance of safety measures against high voltage risks and the role of sensors and cybersecurity in autonomous EVs. Additionally, it explores sensorless control methods, their advantages, and challenges, while providing assignments for practical application.

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167 views18 pages

EV Electronics Sensorless Control

The document discusses the essential components and control methods in electric vehicle (EV) power electronics, including various devices like MOSFETs and IGBTs, as well as converters and inverters. It highlights the importance of safety measures against high voltage risks and the role of sensors and cybersecurity in autonomous EVs. Additionally, it explores sensorless control methods, their advantages, and challenges, while providing assignments for practical application.

Uploaded by

transformer generator
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Electronics & Sensorless Control

in Electric Vehicles
EV Power Electronics, Safety, Sensors
& Control Methods
Basic Devices

• Diodes – rectification, freewheeling


• Thyristors – controlled rectification
• BJTs – older, less common in EVs
• MOSFETs – fast switching, low-medium voltage
• IGBTs – traction inverters, high power
Device Comparison

• MOSFET: ✔️fast, efficient at low voltage


• IGBT: ✔️high current/voltage capability
• Diode: ✔️simple rectifier/freewheeling
• Thyristor: ✔️controlled rectification
Converters

• Buck, Boost, Bi-directional DC–DC


• Battery charging/discharging
• Regenerative braking
Inverters

• 3-phase voltage source inverter (VSI)


• PWM / SVPWM control
• Two-level vs three-level inverters
High Voltage Risks

• Electric shock
• Arc flash
• Battery thermal runaway
• Isolation failure
Safety Measures

• PPE – insulated gloves, mats, face shields


• Lockout–Tagout (LOTO)
• Interlocks & emergency shutdown
Sensors in Autonomous EVs

• LiDAR, Cameras, Radar


• Ultrasonic sensors, IMU, GNSS
• Wheel encoders
Cybersecurity Risks

• GPS spoofing, LiDAR jamming


• CAN-bus injection
• OTA update hacking
Cybersecurity Solutions

• Encryption & secure boot


• Intrusion detection
• Redundant sensor fusion
Why Sensorless?

• Cost reduction & reliability


• Removes encoders/sensors
• Challenges: low-speed performance
Flux-Linkage Method

• Uses back-EMF & flux equations


• Good at medium/high speeds
• Fails at standstill
Phase Inductance Method

• Rotor saliency → inductance variation


• Works for PMSM/reluctance motors
• Needs precise measurements
HF Signal Injection

• Inject HF voltage, response depends on rotor position


• Works at zero/low speed
• Extra complexity & losses
Observer-Based Methods

• MRAS, EKF, Luenberger, Sliding Mode


• Wide speed range
• Requires computation & modeling
Comparison of Methods

• Flux-linkage: ❌ zero speed, low complexity


• Inductance: ⚠️needs saliency
• HF injection: ✔️zero speed, robust
• Observers: ⚠️wide range, heavy computation
Summary

• Devices = EV power electronics backbone


• Converters/inverters control power flow
• Safety = critical for HV systems
• Sensors + cybersecurity vital for autonomy
• Sensorless control → cost & reliability
Assignments & Lab Ideas

• Compare MOSFET vs IGBT switching losses


• Implement flux observer in MATLAB/Simulink
• HF injection experiment on PMSM
• Draft EV lab safety checklist

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