TRANSPORTAT

ION SAFETY
 IMPORTANCE OF
TRANSPORTATION
SAFETY
Transportation safety is vital
for protecting human lives
and preventing injuries and
fatalities. It reduces the
economic impact of
accidents, such as damage
to vehicles, infrastructure,
and medical expenses.
Safety also builds public
confidence, encouraging the
use of transportation
systems and ensuring
compliance with legal and
regulatory standards.
CRASH DATA
ANALYSIS
Crash data analysis involves
collecting, studying, and
interpreting data from road
traffic accidents to understand
patterns, causes, and effects.
The purpose of this analysis is to
identify high-risk areas,
behaviors, and conditions that
contribute to crashes. By
analyzing trends over time,
agencies can design effective
safety measures, improve traffic
regulations, and develop
 Types of
Crash Data
• Fatal Crashes: These involve accidents that
result in the death of one or more individuals.
Analyzing fatal crashes helps identify severe
risk factors and evaluate the need for
enhanced safety measures or stricter
regulations.

• Injury Crashes: These are accidents where

individuals are injured, but not killed. Injury
data provides insight into the severity of
crashes and helps prioritize safety
improvements in areas where injuries are
frequent.
 DATA
SOURCES
• POLICE REPORTS
• INSURANCE DATA
• TRAFFIC CAMERAS
POLICE
REPOR
TS
Police reports are a
primary source of crash
data, providing detailed
information on the
circumstances of an
accident, including
location, time, involved
parties, and contributing
factors.
 INSURANCE
DATA
Insurance companies
collect data on accidents
for claims processing. This
data can provide
additional insights into
crash frequency and types
of damages, often
complementing
information from police
reports.
 TRAFFIC
CAMERAS
Traffic cameras and
surveillance systems capture
real-time data and footage of
accidents. This visual evidence
helps verify crash details and
analyze driver behavior and
road conditions at the time of
the accident.
 Safety
Performance
Indicators
Safety performance
indicators (SPIs) are
quantitative metrics
used to assess the
effectiveness of safety
measures and policies
in transportation
systems. These
indicators help in
evaluating how well
safety interventions
are working and where
further improvements
are needed.
 Accident
Rates
The number of

Injury accidents per unit of

measure, such as per Fatality
Severit mile driven, per
100,000 vehicles, or Rates
y Rates per population. The number of
fatalities resulting
The rate of injuries from road traffic
resulting from
Traffic accidents per unit
accidents, Enforcemen of measure, such
as per 100,000
categorized by t metrics people or per 100
severity. Measures related to the million vehicle
enforcement of traffic laws, miles.
including the number of
citations issued, the frequency
of traffic stops, and the
 Response
Rates
Compliance
Rates The average
time it takes for
The extent to emergency
which road services to
respond to
users comply traffic
with traffic laws accidents.
and regulations.
Pedestrian and
Cyclist Safety
Pedestrian and cyclist safety is
a significant concern in
transportation planning due to
the inherent risks and
vulnerabilities faced by these
road users. By addressing
these challenges and
implementing effective safety
measures, communities can
enhance the safety of
pedestrians and cyclists,
 Risk Faced by
pedestrian and
•
Cyclist
Vulnerability to Injury – Unlike
vehicle occupants who are protected
by the vehicle’s structure,
pedestrians and cyclists are directly
exposed to impacts. This makes them
more susceptible to severe injuries or
fatalities in the event of a collision.
• Visibility Issues – Poor lighting,
inclement weather, and the presence
of visual obstructions can reduce the
visibility of pedestrians and cyclists,
increasing the risk of accidents.
Risk Faced by
pedestrian
and Cyclist
• Interactions with Motor Vehicles:
• * Right of Way Conflicts:
Pedestrians and cyclists often face
conflicts with motor vehicles at
intersections and crossings, where
vehicle operators may not yield the
right of way or may misjudge the
speed and distance of these road
users.
* Motorist Behavior: Aggressive or
inattentive driving behaviors, such as
speeding and distracted driving,
Risk Faced by
pedestrian and Cyclist
• Infrastructure Deficiencies:
• * Inadequate Facilities: Lack of
dedicated infrastructure like
crosswalks, bike lanes, and pedestrian
paths can force pedestrians and
cyclists to share road space with
vehicles, increasing their risk.
* Maintenance Issues: Poorly
maintained sidewalks, bike lanes, and
crosswalks can create hazards such as
 SAFETY
MEASURES
• Signalized Crosswalks:
• * Pedestrian Signals:
Implementing pedestrian
signals that provide a clear
indication for pedestrians
when it is safe to cross, and
incorporating countdown
timers to show the
remaining crossing time.
* Audible Signals: Adding
audible signals for visually
 SAFETY
•
•
MEASURES
Crosswalk Design
* High-Visibility Markings: Use
of brightly colored or reflective
paint for crosswalk markings
to increase visibility, especially
at night or in poor weather
conditions.
* Lighting: Installing adequate
lighting at crosswalks to ensure
pedestrians are visible to
drivers.
 SAFETY
MEASURES
• Raised Crosswalks and
Speed Tables:
* Design Features: Raised
crosswalks and speed tables
can slow down vehicle
traffic and improve the
safety of pedestrian
crossings by making drivers
more aware of pedestrians.
 SAFETY
• MEASURES
Bicycle Lanes and Signage
Dedicated Bicycle Lane:
Creating dedicated bike lanes
separated from motor vehicle
traffic to provide a safer space
for cyclists. This can include
painted lanes, buffered lanes
with physical barriers, or
protected lanes with curbs.
 SAFETY
• MEASURES
Clear Signage:
• * Bike Lane Markings:
Using clear and
consistent signage and
road markings to indicate
bike lanes and alert
drivers to their presence.
* Cyclist-Warning Signs:
Placing signs to warn drivers
of areas with high cyclist
activity and remind them to
share the road.
 SAFETY
• MEASURES
Bike Parking:
* Secure Facilities:
Providing secure and
convenient bike parking
facilities at key locations,
such as transit stations,
shopping centers, and
public buildings, to
encourage cycling and
VEHICLE SAFETY
STANDARDS
Vehicle safety standards are
crucial regulations and design
features aimed at ensuring that
vehicles are equipped to
protect occupants and other
road users in the event of an
accident. These standards
cover a range of safety
features and performance
criteria to minimize the risk of
injuries and fatalities on the
road.
 Key Vehicle Safety
Airbags
Features
*Function: Airbags are designed to deploy
rapidly during a collision to cushion and
protect occupants from striking hard
surfaces within the vehicle, such as the
steering wheel or dashboard.
*Types: Common types include frontal
airbags (for front-seat occupants), side
airbags (for protection in side impacts),
curtain airbags (for head protection), and
knee airbags (to prevent leg injuries).
* Standards: Vehicles must meet specific
standards for airbag deployment and
performance, including ensuring that
 Key Vehicle
Safety Features
• Anti-lock Braking System
(ABS):
• * Function: ABS prevents wheel
lockup during hard braking,
allowing the driver to maintain
steering control and reducing
the risk of skidding.
• * Operation: ABS works by
modulating brake pressure to
prevent wheels from locking up,
especially on slippery surfaces.
* Standards: Regulations require
that ABS systems perform
 Key Vehicle Safety
Features
• Crash Test Ratings:
• * Purpose: Crash tests assess how well a
vehicle protects its occupants in different
types of collisions, including frontal, side,
and rear impacts.
• * Ratings: Vehicles are rated based on
their performance in these tests, which
often include evaluations of occupant
protection, structural integrity, and safety
feature effectiveness.
* Institutions: Ratings are typically provided
by organizations like the National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and
the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
 Key Vehicle
Safety Features
• Electronic Stability Control
(ESC):
• * Function: ESC helps drivers
maintain control of their vehicle
during slippery conditions or
when skidding, by automatically
applying brakes to individual
wheels.
* Standards: Regulations mandate
that new vehicles must be
equipped with ESC to enhance
vehicle stability and reduce the
likelihood of skidding and loss of
 Key Vehicle Safety
Features
• Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC):
• * Function: ACC maintains a set speed
while automatically adjusting the
vehicle’s speed to maintain a safe
distance from the vehicle ahead.
• * Technology: Utilizes radar or cameras to
monitor traffic conditions and adjust the
vehicle’s speed accordingly.
* Standards: Vehicle manufacturers must
ensure that ACC systems function reliably
and accurately in various driving conditions.
 Key Vehicle
Safety Features
• Lane Departure Warning
(LDW) and Lane-Keeping
Assist (LKA):
• * Function: LDW alerts the driver
if the vehicle is unintentionally
drifting out of its lane, while LKA
actively helps steer the vehicle
back into its lane.
* Standards: Systems must be
designed to provide timely
warnings and interventions
without causing excessive driver
distraction or discomfort.
 Driver Behavior
and Education
Driver behavior plays a pivotal
role in road safety. How drivers act
behind the wheel directly influences
accident rates and overall traffic
safety. Effective driver education
programs aim to address risky
behaviors and foster safer driving
practices.
Role of Driver Behavior
in Overall Safety

Impact on Accident Rates: Unsafe

driver behaviors and poor driving
habits are major contributors to
traffic accidents and fatalities.

Risk Management: Safe driving

practices help manage and reduce
risk on the road, promoting overall
traffic safety and reducing the
likelihood of accidents.
Role of Driver Behavior in
Overall Safety
Influence on Traffic Flow:

* Smooth Operations: Consistent and

predictable driver behavior contributes
to smoother traffic flow. Aggressive driving or
erratic behavior can disrupt traffic and increase
the chance of collisions.

* Interactions with Other Road Users:

Cooperative and courteous driving can
enhance the safety of all road users.
Role of Driver Behavior
in Overall Safety

Public Perception and Trust:

* Safety Culture: The

behavior of
individual drivers contributes
to the
broader traffic safety culture.
Responsible driving fosters
public trust in the safety of
roadways and encourages a
collective commitment to
safe driving
 COMMON RISKY
BEHAVIOR
Distracted Driving:

* Texting and mobile phone use,

eating, adjusting radio settings, or
engaging in conversations that take
focus away from driving, impairing
reaction times and decision-making.
COMMON RISKY
BEHAVIOR
Speeding:

* Excessive Speed: Driving

above the
speed limit reduces the time
available to react to unexpected
hazards and
increases the severity of
crashes.

* Speed Variability: Inconsistent

speeds, such as fluctuating
between fast and slow, can also
 COMMON RISKY
BEHAVIOR
Impaired Driving:

* Alcohol and Drug Use: Driving under

the influence of alcohol or drugs impairs judgment,
coordination, and reaction
times, leading to a significantly higher
risk of accidents.

* Fatigue: Driving while fatigued affects

alertness and cognitive function, similar to
impairment caused by substances,
and can lead to dangerous driving errors.
COMMON RISKY
BEHAVIOR
Aggressive Driving:

* Road Rage: Aggressive behaviors,

such as tailgating, excessive lane
changing, and confrontations with
other drivers, can escalate into
dangerous situations and increase
the
likelihood of accidents.

* Tailgating: Following too closely

reduces the time available to react
to
sudden stops or obstacles,
increasing
 COMMON RISKY
BEHAVIOR
Failure to Obey Traffic Signals:

* Ignoring Traffic Signals and

Signages: Ignoring traffic signals and
signages increases the risk of
intersection collisions and accidents
endangers other road users.
 Education
Program
Defensive Driving Courses:

* To teach drivers how to

anticipate and respond to
potential hazards on the
road. They emphasize
techniques for avoiding
collisions, managing
distractions, and improving
overall driving skills.
 Education
Program
Driver Improvement Programs:

* Aimed at drivers who have

accumulated points on their driving
record or have been convicted of traffic
violations. They focus on addressing specific
issues and correcting unsafe
driving behaviors.
 Education
Program
Public Awareness
Campaigns:

Education Program * To educate the general

public
about the dangers of risky
behaviors such as
distracted driving or
speeding, and encourage
safer driving practices.
 WORK ZONE
SAFETY
Work zone safety is crucial for
protecting both road workers and
motorists during road construction,
maintenance, and repair activities.
Ensuring safety in work zones requires
effective management and
implementation of various safety
measures.
 Risk Associated with
Work Zones

Accidents and Collisions:

* Increased Risk of
Education Program Crashes: Work zones can
create hazards such as
lane shifts, narrowed
lanes, and sudden stops,
increasing the risk of
accidents and collisions.
Risk Associated
with Work
Zones
Driver Distraction:

* Complexity of Work Zones: The

presence of cones, signs, barriers, and
changing traffic patterns can distract
drivers, leading to errors in judgment and
increased likelihood of
accidents.

* Inadequate Visibility: Poor visibility due

to inadequate lighting or weather
conditions can make it difficult for drivers
 Risk Associated with
Work Zones

Worker Exposure:

* Physical Risks: Workers are

exposed to risks from moving
Education Program traffic, heavy machinery, and
potentially hazardous materials,
leading to a higher risk of injury.

* Health Hazards: Exposure to

dust, noise, and chemical
substances can pose health risks
to workers.
Risk Associated
with Work
Zones
Traffic Flow Disruptions:

* Congestion and Delays: Work zones

often lead to traffic congestion, delays,
and altered driving conditions, which can
increase driver frustration and contribute
to unsafe driving behavior.

* Reduced Capacity: Temporary lane

closures and detours reduce the road’s
capacity, potentially leading to
bottlenecks and increased likelihood of
 SAFETY
MEASURES
Proper Signage:

* Advance Warning Signs: Place clear and

visible advance warning signs to alert
drivers of upcoming work zones, lane
Education Program closures, and reduced speed limits. These
signs should be positioned well before the
actual work zone to give drivers ample
time to adjust their speed and lane
position.

* Regulatory Signs: Use regulatory signs

to inform drivers of specific rules within
the work zone, such as speed limits and
detour routes. Ensure that these signs are
easily readable and well-lit, especially in
low-light conditions.
 SAFETY
MEASURES
Traffic Control Plans:

* Design and Layout: Develop and implement

comprehensive traffic control plans that outline
the layout of the work zone, including traffic
lanes, detours, and worker areas. The plan
should be designed to minimize disruption and
maintain a smooth flow of traffic.

* Barricades and Barriers: Use appropriate

barricades and barriers to prevent
unauthorized entry and shield workers from
moving traffic.
 SAFETY
MEASURES
Worker Protection Protocols:

* Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE):
Ensure that all workers wear
Education Program
appropriate personal protective
equipment to enhance their visibility
and protect them from potential
hazards.

* Safety Training: Provide

comprehensive safety training for
workers, covering topics such as safe
practices in the work zone, proper
use of PPE, and emergency response
THANK
YOU!