Basic First AID Awareness

(Life Saving Techniques)

WELCOME
First Aid :
 It is the initial assistance or treatment given to a causality for
any injury or sudden illness before arrival of a doctor or before
the evacuation of the victim to a Hospital to any ill or injured
person

Aim of the First Aid

- To preserve life
- To Prevent the condition worsening
- To Promote recovery
 CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation )
CPR- This is a life saving measure whenever a
person is unconscious
Step for CPR - DRSABCD
D- Danger
Ensure the area is safe for yourself, others and the
patient.
- Remove the danger
- Remove the casualty
- Shout for Help
R- Response- Check for Response
Check the Response of Victim(Voice & Pain) – Ask Name
– Squeeze the shoulders
No Response
 Send for Help
 CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation )
Response
 Make comfortable
 Check for injuries
 Monitor Response

S – Send for Help

Call 102 for an ambulance or ask another
person to make the call

A- Airway
 Open Mouth – If foreign material is
present.
 Place in the recovery position.
 Clear airway with fingers
 Open Airway by tilting head with chin lift.
 CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation )

B- Breathing
Check for breathing - Look, Listen and feel
If patient is conscious lay him in recovery
position

C – CPR
Start CPR – 30 Chest compressions : 2 Breaths
Continue CPR till help arrives or Patient
recovers. If you are unable to do complete CPR,
Go only for the chest compression for 100-120
times in a minute.
D(AED)
Automated External
Defibrillator Apply
defibrillator if you are trained to
operate it.
CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation )
 Heart Attack
Heart Attack
It occurs when the blood supply to the heart muscles is suddenly obstructed due to clot in the
coronary arteries.

Sign & Symptoms

 Pain and discomfort in the Centre of chest. Pain may be mild, moderate or serve.
 Pain may sometime radiate to neck or arms, Jaw, Back.
 Occasionally pain may be there in upper abdomen only ( Often mistaken for indigestion)
 Sometime back pain may be the only sign.
 Breathlessness
 Sweating/Low body temperature
 Nausea and anxiety
 Rapid pulse becoming weaker
 May become unconscious
 Heart Attack
First Aid for Heart Attack
 Help the patient to be comfortable. Best is a half sitting position with slightly bent knees
and pillows at the back and behind the neck and under the knees.
 Loosen the tight clothing
 Reassure the patient.
 Don’t attempt to lift or carry him. If you have give him a tablet of soluble aspirin ( Dispirin )
and ask him to slowly chew it. Aspirin is a blood thinner and may help to restrict the heart
damage.
 If he has any other medicines and is a known heart case. He should take the medicines.
 If patient cold, the patient may be given a blanket.
 Mentally recollect the step of CPR in
 case the patient loses his pulse.
 Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac arrest
 A cardiac arrest happens when someone’s heart stops pumping blood around their
body. They will lose responsiveness almost immediately and show no other signs of life,
such as breathing or movement.
 If you see someone having a cardiac arrest, you need to act quickly as they’ll only have
a chance of surviving if they receive life saving first aid immediately.
 You need to call 999 and give immediate CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation - see the
video below).
 You should also ask any bystanders to find a defibrillator (an automated external
defibrillator – AED for short), which restarts the heart by giving an electric shock.
 Lots of public places have them, including shopping centers, metro stations, airports,
offices and schools.
 Cardiac Arrest
What to look for - Cardiac arrest
 There are three signs that someone has had a cardiac arrest:
1. Sudden loss of responsiveness
2. No breathing
3. No movement or other signs of life
 What you need to do - Cardiac arrest
 Call 102 straight away for medical help or ask a by stander to do it, so that you can start
doing CPR sooner. Make sure you communicate with a specific person, so that no time is
lost while people hesitate.
 Is there a defibrillator available?
 If there is a defibrillator, grab the AED or ask a specific person to get it for you and switch it
on. It will then give you a series of visual and verbal prompts which you should follow until
the ambulance arrives.
 Cardiac Arrest
 If there isn’t a
defibrillator, you need to start
CPR straight away and carry on until:
 • emergency help arrives and takes over
 • the person starts showing signs of life
and starts to breathe normally, or
 • you are too exhausted to continue
 Bleeding
Bleeding
R – Rest the injured part
E - Elevate if limbs are injured
D - Direct Pressure by thick padding on
wound.
 BLEEDING FROM NOSE
BLEEDING FROM NOSE
 Make the patient sit on chair with head
slightly bent forward in an airy place
 Loose the clothes of neck and chest.
 Advise the patient to breathe through
mouth.
 Patient should not try to speak, swallow,
cough, spit or sniff as they may disturb
the blood clot.
 Nose should be kept pinched with
thumb, and forefinger.
 Cold compresses on nose and forehead
may help.
 Do not remove clot from nose.
 If bleeding continuous more than 30
minutes , the patient must be sent to
hospital.
 BLEEDING FROM EAR
BLEEDING FROM EAR
 Let the patient be in a half sitting
position ( or lying ) with the head
inclined towards the injured side to
let the blood drain. Let the patient
lie flat if bleeding is from both ears.
 Cover the ear with a sterile dressing.
 ABDOMINAL WOUNDS
ABDOMINAL
WOUNDS
 Let him lie on his back (Face
up) and bend the knees.
 Do not give anything by
mouth.
 In knife is inside the abdomen,
do not try to take it out. Make
the knife secure with “Ring
Pad “ and two narrow
Bandages.
 FRACTURE
Fracture
A fracture is a break or crack in a bone by a force. In most cases the damage to the
bone will be under the skin, which is called a closed fracture, but sometimes bits of
the bone can puncture through the skin to become an open fracture.
 FRACTURE
Sign and Symptoms
 Pain
 Tenderness
 Swelling at the site of injury
 Inability to move the limb or the injured part.
 Crepitus ( may be present )
 Unnatural movement.
First Aid for Fractures
 Treat fracture on the spot.
 Immobilization of the fracture by bandages
and splints.
 For open fractures treat the bleeding and the
wound first by applying sterile dressing,
gauze/ring pads before immobilization.
 FRACTURE
DONT’s
 Do not try to set broken bones.
 Do not let him walk unless injury is of upper arms.
 Do not try to push in a protruding bone.
 Do not evacuate spinal fracture cases on a canvas stretcher.
 Do not move casually unless injured part is secured/supported.
 Poison
Poison
It is a substance which can cause temporary or
permanent damage if taken into body in sufficient
quantity and may be even fatal.
Mode of Entry
 Through Inhalation
 Through absorption
 Through Skin or injected by bites or medicine
(Animal Bites-Snake & Dog Bite)
General First AID in Poisoning
 Send for medical aid as you are rendering first aid.
 Preserve all articles found near the patient, e.g. Any
bottle or box.
 Preserve the vomited material in a container as a
sample.
 Preserve the left over poison.
 Dog Bite
Dog Bite
Dog bite can lead to Rabies if the dog is rabid.
There is no treatment for Rabies. Prevention is
the only care.
First Aid for Dog Bite
 Wash thoroughly the bitten area with water or
soap 10 minutes in running water. Even licks
should be washed.
 Cover wounds with sterile dressings and send
to hospital/Clinic. Wash thoroughly the bitten
area with water or soap 10 minutes in running
water.
 Vaccination with ARV ( Anti rabies vaccine ) in
hospital/clinic.
 Snake Bite
Snake Bite
The snake may be poisonous or non poisonous,
Vipers, Cobras and Kraits are the poisonous snakes.
Do’s
 Immobilize the part.
 Psychological support/ Reassurance him.
 Wash thoroughly the bitten area with water or
soap 10 minutes in running water.
 Hospitalization for Anti snake venom injection.
Don'ts
 Don’t suck the venom
 Don’t cut the bitten part
 Do not let the patient walk, run or shout.
 Do not let the patient sleep.
 Frost Bite
Frost Bite
In extreme cold, fingers, toes, ears or nose tip
may actually freeze. It starts with feeling of pins
and needles followed by numbness and
stiffness. Part become whitish and then bluish
black.
First Aid
 Warm the affected area slowly in your
hands or lap or in casualty's armpit or
woolen clothing's.
 Remove casualty to warm surrounding and
place the affected part in warm water.
 Dry the area, apply light dressing, raise and
support limb and transfer to hospital.
 Dressing
Dressing
Dressing means a sterile (germ free)
covering, applied on a wound, burn or
bleeding injuries, to stop bleeding, to
protect from further damage and infection.

How to apply a dressing

 Clean your hand with soap and water.

 Wash the part with antiseptic lotion
(Dettol ). Always wash away from the
wound.
 Cover wound first.
 Then apply lint or cotton over dressing.
 Apply bandage to keep dressing in place.
What to do as a first aider
The role of a first aider
Assessing a casualty: the primary survey
Assessing a casualty: the secondary survey
Do you need an ambulance?
Difficult situations

First aid is a simple skill and can have an incredible impact.

Learn first aid, be the difference.
Any Questions?

Thank You