Changing Trends &

sports in Physical
Education
Manisha Manhas
Table of contents
01 Meaning and defination

02 Carrier option in physical

education

03 Development of PE – post
independence
04 Changing trends in sports
Playing surface, wearable gear, sports
equipment , technology advancement

05 Khelo india and fit india movement

Introduction
Physical education is an important part of general education. It involves physical activities which
help to achieve wholesome development of individuals.
It helps to develop total personality related to the physical, mental, social, and emotional
development of individual education .
Physical Education is a subject that teaches us how to keep our body fit and healthy
through exercise, games, and physical activities. It helps in the physical, mental,
and social development of a person.

J. B. Nash: “It is the field of education which deals with the big muscle activities and their related
responses”.
R. Cassidy: “Physical education is the sum of changes in the individual caused by experience
involving motor activity”.

AIM
The aim of Physical Education is optimum wholesome qualities development in a person. It
emphasizes the balanced development of physical, mental, social, intellectual, and emotional
behavior.
[Link]: ” Aim of Physical Education is complete living through Wholesome development of
human personality”.
 Education:
Physical Development:
To improve body strength, flexibility, coordination, and overall fitness.
Mental Development:
To develop concentration, decision-making, and emotional balance.
Social Development:
To encourage teamwork, cooperation, leadership, and respect for others.
Emotional Development:
To help control emotions like anger, fear, or excitement through games and
activities.
Moral Development:
To build honesty, fair play, discipline, and a sense of responsibility.
Health Education:
To promote healthy habits, hygiene, and knowledge about body care and
fitness.
Neuro-Muscular Coordination:
To enhance control over body movements and improve motor skills.
Development of physical education
–post Independence
After independence in 1947, India focused on building a strong
foundation for sports and physical education. Various
committees, institutions, policies, and events were
introduced to develop and promote sports culture in the
country.
🏛️Important Committees & Bodies:

Tara Chand Committee (1948):

Recommended the integration of physical education into
school and college curricula.
Emphasized training of PE teachers and better infrastructure.
Central Advisory Board of Physical Education and
Recreation (1950):
Formed to guide and coordinate physical education and
All India Council of Sports (AICS) – 1954:
Set up to advise the government on sports-related matters.
Played a key role in policy planning and development of sports.

Educational & Training Institutions:

LNIPE (Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education):

Located in Gwalior, it provides professional training in physical education
and sports sciences.

Netaji Subhas National Institute of Sports (NIS), Patiala

(1961):
Asia's largest sports institute.
Provides coaching, sports science support, and athlete training.

SAI (Sports Authority of India) – 1984:

Established to implement sports policies and promote excellence in
sports.
Runs sports training centers across the country.
National Fitness Corps (1954):
Major Events:

First Asian Games (1951, Delhi):

Hosted by India, marking the start of international sports participation.

Commonwealth Games (2010, Delhi):

Boosted infrastructure and international recognition of Indian sports.

📚 Education Boards and Curriculum:

Introduction of Physical Education in School Curriculum:

Physical Education made compulsory in many schools post-independence.
Promoted holistic development of students.

CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education):

Included Physical Education as an elective subject in higher secondary classes.
Conducts exams and activities to promote sports awareness.
 Changing trends in sports

Playing Wearable Technology

surfaces gears advancement
 Outdoor playing surfaces
🔸 1. Clay and Cinder Tracks (Ancient/Old Times)

Used in: Running, athletics events.

Material: Natural soil, crushed brick (clay), cinder (burnt coal).
Why used then: Readily available materials, no synthetic
options existed.
Limitations: Slippery when wet, not durable, poor shock
absorption.
➡️Now: Synthetic Tracks (like polyurethane or tartan)
Why change: All-weather use, consistent surface, reduces
injury, better performance
.
🔸 2. Grass and Clay Turf (Old Times)
Used in: Football, cricket, tennis.
Why used then: Natural surface, cooling effect, traditional.
Limitations: Requires frequent watering, mowing, affected by
rain. Now: Artificial Turf e.g., Astroturf, Polygrass
Why change: Less maintenance, uniform bounce, usable in all
seasons, cost-effective in long term
 3. No MUGAs in Old Times
Schools and parks had separate spaces for each sport or
mud/soil surfaces.
➡️Now: MUGA (Multi-Use Games Area)
All-in-one synthetic space for multiple sports (football,
basketball, volleyball).
Why: Space-saving, cost-effective, safer, and good for schools
with limited space.

Indoor Playing Surfaces – Then vs. Now

1. Wooden Courts (Old Times)

Used in: Basketball, badminton, volleyball.
Why used then: Traditional option, provides good bounce.
Limitations: Expensive, slippery when wet, high maintenance.

➡️Now: Synthetic Indoor Floors (PVC, PU, vinyl)

Why change: Easy to install and clean, shock-absorbent,
budget-friendly, customizable.
 Wearable gear and sports equipment
Wearable gear has evolved from simple, heavy clothing to smart, lightweight, and performance-enhancing attire.
Today’s gear supports comfort, safety, and digital tracking.

Examples
[Link] & Fitness Bands
– Track heart rate, steps, calories, GPS location, sleep cycles.
(E.g., Apple Watch, Fitbit, Garmin)
[Link] Clothing
– Clothes with embedded sensors to monitor body temperature, muscle activity.
(E.g., smart shirts by Hexoskin, Nadi X yoga pants)
[Link] Wear
– Supports muscles, reduces fatigue, improves blood circulation.
(Used in running, basketball, etc.)
[Link] Footwear
– Tracks stride, distance, pressure points, and even speed.
(E.g., Under Armour HOVR shoes, Xiaomi smart shoes)
[Link] Helmets
– Come with impact sensors, communication systems, and cooling features.
(Used in cycling, skiing, football, etc.)
[Link] Goggles/Sunglasses
– UV protection and smart lenses for clearer vision and safety.
(E.g., Oakley Radar Pace, Nike Vision)
 Sports equipments
Modern sports equipment is lighter, safer, and more
durable. It is often made from advanced materials and
includes technology to improve performance.

✅ Examples of Modern Sports Equipment:

Shoes – Tailored for each sport: running shoes, cleats,

spike shoes.
Tennis Rackets – Made from graphite or carbon fiber,
shock-resistant.
Cricket Bats – Lighter wood, better grip, improved
balance.
Smart Balls – Sensors track speed, spin, and movement.
Protective Gear – Shin guards, gloves, helmets with
padding.
High-Tech Gym Machines – Smart treadmills, cycling
trainers with screens.
 Factors
Why These Changes Happened :

Technology Development – Use of smart materials and embedded

sensors.

Injury Prevention – Focus on athlete safety with protective gear.

Better Performance – Lightweight and body-fit gear improves

movement.

Data Tracking – Wearables help in tracking and improving

performance.

Comfort & Custom Fit – Personalized equipment increases

confidence.
 Technology advancement
Goal-Line Technology (GLT)
Used mostly in football to check whether the ball has completely crossed the
goal line.
It uses high-speed cameras or magnetic sensors around the goal area.
The referee gets an instant signal if it’s a goal — reducing human error.

Video Assistant Referee (VAR)

Also used in football.
A team of video officials reviews game footage in real-time.
They assist the on-field referee in major decisions: goals, red cards, penalties,
and mistaken identity.

Hawk-Eye Technology
Used in tennis, cricket, football, and badminton.
Multiple cameras track the ball and create a 3D image of its path.
Helps determine whether the ball was “in” or “out.”
🟢 In cricket, it is used for LBW decisions and in DRS (Decision Review System).
🟢 In tennis, players can challenge the umpire's call using Hawk-Eye.
 Technology advancement
Instant Replay
Used in sports like American football, basketball, hockey,
and baseball.
Allows referees to review controversial moments by
watching replays.
Helps ensure accuracy in officiating.
🟢 Mostly used in leagues like NFL, NBA, etc.

RFID Chips (Radio Frequency Identification)

Track athletes’ movements in real-time using chips and
sensors.
Monitor speed, distance, timing, and more.
Helps coaches analyze performance and fatigue levels.
🟢 Used in training as well as competition.

b.
 Khelo –India Program

"Sports is not just a game, it’s a tool for

national development." – Government of India
What is Khelo India?

• Launched by the Ministry of

Youth Affairs and Sports,
Government of India.
• Started in 2018.
• Aim: Revive the sports
culture at the grassroots level.
• Focus on school, college, and
university level athletes.
 Objectives

 To promote sports for all.

 Provide financial support and scholarships
to talented athletes.
 Create a fit and healthy generation.
 Develop sports infrastructure across the
country.
 Identify and nurture young talent.
 Structure

A picture is worth a thousand words

 Structure
 Playfield Development
Developing sports grounds and playfields at the village and school level.

 Community Coaching Development

Training community-level coaches to promote mass participation.
Helps in spreading awareness and technical knowledge.

 State Level Khelo India Centres

Establishing centres in every state for sports training.
Managed by State Governments under central support.

 Annual Sports Competitions

Organizing district, state, and national level competitions regularly.
Helps in talent identification.

 Talent Search and Development

Identifying young talent through competitions and providing long-term training.
Selected athletes receive scholarships and support.
 Structure
Utilization and Creation of Sports Infrastructure
Constructing new facilities and upgrading existing ones across India.
Focus on efficient use of infrastructure.

 Support to National/Regional/State Sports Academies

Financial and technical support to existing academies.
Ensures athletes get access to high-level training and qualified coaches.
 Structure
Physical Fitness of School Children
Regular fitness assessments in schools.
Linked with Fit India Movement to promote daily physical activity.

Sports for Women

Special focus on encouraging girls and women to participate in sports.
Organizing women-centric events and offering scholarships.

 Promotion of Sports Among People with Disabilities

Ensures inclusivity by supporting Para-sports and athletes with disabilities.
Special competitions and training centres for differently-abled athletes.

Sports for Peace and Development

Using sports to promote social harmony, especially in disturbed and border areas.
Conducting events that bring communities together.

promotion of Rural and Indigenous Games

Reviving traditional Indian games like Mallakhamb, Kalaripayattu, Kho-Kho, etc.
Helps preserve India’s sports heritage.
 Key features
 Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG) – for school & college athletes.
 Annual Sports Scholarships of ₹5 lakh per athlete for 8 years.
 Building of state-of-the-art sports facilities in different states.
 Talent Identification and Development (TID).
 Children aged 10 to 18 years.
 Focus on underprivileged and rural talent.
 School students, college athletes, and grassroots sports players.
 Khelo India Youth [Link] annually since 2018.
 Athletes under 17 and under 21 compete.
 Hosted in cities like Pune, Guwahati, Delhi, and Bhopal.
 Benefits to Students and Schools
 Provides career opportunities through sports.
 Motivates schools to develop better sports infrastructure.
 Increases awareness about health and fitness.
 Conclusion
•Khelo India is not just a scheme – it's a movement.
“
•It builds a healthier, stronger India through sports.
•Encourage every student to be fit and participate in at least one sport.

•Khelo India – Play India, Stay Fit!”

Fit india
The Fit India Movement was launched
on 29th August 2019 by Prime Minister
Narendra Modi.
It is a nationwide campaign that aims to
encourage people to include fitness
and healthy lifestyle habits in their daily
lives.

Motto: “Fitness ka Dose – Aadha Ghanta Roz”

(A dose of fitness – half an hour every day)
Objectives of Fit India Movement
[Link] fitness easy, fun, and free for all age groups.

[Link] awareness about fitness through focused

[Link] and physical activities.

[Link] and promote indigenous sports and

traditional games.

[Link] fitness a part of every school, college,

university, panchayat, and village.

[Link] a platform for citizens to share information,

ideas, and success stories related to fitness and health.
Fitness Myntra -
Fit Body, Fit Mind, Fit Nation

"Encourage individuals to include at

least 30 to 60 minutes of physical
activity in their daily lives and bring
about a behavioral change towards
fitness and health."
 MCQ’s

1. Which year was the Khelo India Programme launched?

2. What is the slogan of the Fit India Movement?

3. What is the primary goal of the Fit India Movement?

4. What is Fit India fitness mantra?

5. What are wearable fitness gears mainly used for?

a) Fashion purpose only b) To track physical activity like steps, heart rate, etc.
c) For online gaming d) Only during sports tournaments
6. Which of the following is a common example of a wearable fitness device?
a)Desktop computer b) Resistance band
c) Smartwatch or fitness band d) Stationary cycle