Strings
What is a String?
A string is a sequence of
characters.
It can contain letters,
numbers, symbols, and
spaces.
Strings are enclosed in single(‘
’ ‘ ‘),double(‘ ” “ ’), or triple (‘
‘’’ ‘’’ ‘) or (‘ “ “ “ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘)
quotes.
String Basics
String Length
You can find the length of a
string using the ‘len()’
function
Accessing Characters
Individual characters within a
string can be accessed using
indexing.
Python uses zero-based
indexing, so the first
character is at index 0.
String Concatenation
Strings can be combined using
the ‘+’ operator.
String Methods
Strings have built-in methods to
perform various operations.
Changing Case:
‘[Link]()’: Converts a string to
uppercase.
‘[Link]()’: Converts a string to
lowercase.
Removing Whitespace
‘[Link]()’: Removes leading and trailing
whitespace.
Replacing Text
‘[Link](old,new)’: Replaces
occurrences of ‘old’ with ‘new’
Splitting Strings
‘[Link](separator)’: Splits a string into a
list using the specified ‘separator.
String Formatting
‘[Link]()’: Used to
format strings with
placeholders ‘{}’
String Slicing
Slicing allows you to extract
substrings from a string.
Syntax: ‘string[start:end]’ (inclusive
of ‘start’, exclusive of ‘end’).
You can also use a step value for
striding:
Syntax: ‘string[start:end:step]’
String Comparison
Strings can be compared
using comparison operators
(‘==‘, ‘!=’, ‘<’, ‘>’, ‘<=’,
‘>=’).
Comparison is case-sensitive.
Indexing and Negative Indexing
You can access characters from
the end of a string using
negative indexing.
Comparing Strings in
Python
• compare strings to determine their order or equality.
• String comparisons are case-sensitive, meaning uppercase and lowercase letters are
considered different.
Comparison Operators
1. Equality(‘==’)
Checks if two strings are equal.
2. Inequality(‘!=‘)
Checks if two strings are not
equal.
3. Greater Than (‘>’) and Less
Than (‘<’)
Compares strings based on their
lexicographic (dictionary) order.
4. Greater Than or Equal To (‘>=’)
and Less Than or Equal To (‘<=’)
Checks if one string is greater or less
than or equal to another.
String Comparison Examples
When comparing strings, Python
checks each character's ASCII value
from left to right.
The first character that differs
determines the result.
For strings with different lengths,
the shorter string is considered less
than the longer one.
Using Comparison in Conditional
Statements
String comparisons are often used
in conditional statements (if-else)
to make decisions in your code.
Remember to account for case
differences if needed, using
‘[Link]()’ or ‘[Link]()’
Slicing and Striding
Strings
Slicing and striding are techniques used to extract specific portions of a string in
Python.
Slicing Strings
Slicing allows you to extract a portion (substring) of a string by specifying a start and
end index.
The result includes all characters from the start index (inclusive) up to, but not
including, the end index (exclusive).
If you omit the start index, it defaults to 0.
If you omit the end index, it defaults to the length of the string.
Negative indices can also be used for slicing. ‘-1’ refers to the last character.
Striding Strings
Striding (also called slicing with a step)
allows you to extract characters from a
string with a specified step size.
Syntax: ‘string[start:end:step]’
The ‘step’ value determines how many
characters to skip between each
extraction.
A positive ‘step’ moves from left to right,
while a negative ‘step’ moves from right to
left.
Striding with Negative Indices
Combining negative indices with
striding allows for reverse
extraction.
Summary
Slicing and striding are commonly used for parsing text and extracting
specific information from strings.
Useful for working with data like dates, URLs, or file paths.
Slicing extracts a substring by specifying start and end indices.
Striding extracts characters with a specified step size.
Use negative indices for reverse extraction.
These techniques are essential for manipulating and analyzing text data in
Python.
String Operators and
Methods
In Python, strings are a fundamental data type, and they come with
various operators and methods for performing operations and
transformations.
Common String Operators
1. Concatenation (‘+’)
The (‘+’) operator is used to
concatenate (combine) two or more
strings.
2. Repetition (‘*’)
The (‘*’) operator allows you to
repeat a string multiple times.
Common String Methods
1. Changing Case
‘[Link]()’: Converts a string to
uppercase.
‘[Link]()’: Converts a string to
lowercase.
2. Removing Whitespace
‘[Link]()’: Removes leading and
trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs,
newlines).
3. Replacing Text
‘[Link](old,new)’: Replaces
occurrences of ‘old’ with ‘new’.
4. Splitting Strings
‘[Link](separator)’: Splits a
string into a list using the
specified ‘separator.
5. Finding Substrings
‘[Link](substring)’: Searches for
‘substring’ and returns its index or ‘-1’ if
not found.
6. Checking Prefix and Suffix
‘[Link](prefix)’: Checks if the
string starts with the specified ‘prefix’.
‘[Link](suffix)’: Checks if the
string starts with the specified ‘suffix’.
Summary
Python provides several operators (‘+’, ‘*’) for working with
strings.
String methods allow you to manipulate and transform strings
in various ways, such as changing case, removing whitespace,
replacing text, and splitting strings.
Understanding these operators and methods is essential for
effective string manipulation in Python.
String Formatting with
‘[Link]()’
• String formatting is a technique for constructing strings by inserting
values into predefined placeholders within a string.
• Python provides the ‘[Link]()’ method for this purpose
Using ‘[Link]()’
‘[Link]()’ is a method that allows
you to create formatted strings with
placeholders ‘{}’.
In this example, ‘{}’ acts as a
placeholder for values that will be
inserted.
Positional Arguments
‘[Link]()’ inserts values
based on their position
The first ‘{}’ is replaced with
‘name’ , and the second ‘{}’
is replaced with ‘age’
Named Arguments
You can also use named placeholders
to specify which value to insert into
each placeholder.
Using named placeholders makes the
code more readable and maintainable.
Accessing Variables and
Expressions
You can insert variables and
expressions within placeholders
Formatting Options
You can apply formatting
options to control how
values are displayed.
In this example, ‘:.2f’ formats
the ‘pi’ value as a floating-
point number with two
decimal places.
Summary
‘[Link]()’ is a versatile method for creating formatted
strings in Python.
Placeholders ‘{}’ are used to specify where values should
be inserted.
Positional and named arguments can be used for value
insertion.
Formatting options can be applied to control the display of
values.
