Functions in Excel — Basics
• Functions are predefined formulas built into Excel.
• They simplify complex calculations by using a function name and
arguments.
• All functions start with an equal sign (=).
• Structure of a function:
• • Function Name → tells Excel what to do (e.g., SUM, AVERAGE).
• • Arguments → values or cell ranges inside parentheses.
• • Syntax → =FUNCTION(argument1, argument2, …).
Function Categories & Benefits
Categories of Functions:
• Mathematical & Statistical → =SUM(A1:A10), =AVERAGE(B1:B10).
• Logical → =IF(D1>50,"Pass","Fail"), =AND(A1>0,B1>0).
• Text → =LEN(A1), =CONCAT(A1," ",B1).
• Date & Time → =TODAY(), =NOW(), =DATEDIF(A1,B1,"d").
• Lookup & Reference → =VLOOKUP(101,A2:D50,3,FALSE).
Benefits of Functions:
• Faster and more accurate calculations.
• Reduce human errors in manual work.
• Easier to read, maintain, and share with others.