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Derivation

The document presents the derivation of the flexural formula, which describes the relationship between bending stress and internal bending moment in beams under transverse loads. It outlines key definitions, assumptions, and the mathematical derivation leading to the formula σ = M*y/I, where σ represents flexural strength, M is the internal bending moment, y is the distance from the neutral axis, and I is the moment of inertia. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding flexural stresses and their implications in structural mechanics.

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Istila Kakakhel
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61 views13 pages

Derivation

The document presents the derivation of the flexural formula, which describes the relationship between bending stress and internal bending moment in beams under transverse loads. It outlines key definitions, assumptions, and the mathematical derivation leading to the formula σ = M*y/I, where σ represents flexural strength, M is the internal bending moment, y is the distance from the neutral axis, and I is the moment of inertia. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding flexural stresses and their implications in structural mechanics.

Uploaded by

Istila Kakakhel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Derivation

Of Flexural
Formula
Presentation by:
Group of 8 members
Roll No :52 to 59
Section B
Introduction :
• Beam is a structure or a structural member which carry transverse
loadings (loads perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the member).
The transverse loading on beam induces shear forces and bending
moments in beam.
• The non-uniform, normal stresses produced in a beam due to
bending moment are known as flexural stresses or bending stresses.
• The shear stresses produced in a beam due to the shear force are also
non-uniform.
Definition:
• Bending theory is also known as flexure theory is
defined as the axial deformation of the beam due to
external load that is applied perpendicularly to a
longitudinal axis which finds application in applied
mechanics.

• For a material, flexural strength is defined as the


maximum bending stress that can be applied to that
material before it yield. It represents the highest stress
that is experienced within the material at the moment
of its yield.
𝜎 is used as the symbolic
Symbolic Representation:

representation of flexural strength.

Formula :
σ = M*y/I
• σ = Flexural strength
• M = Internal bending moment
• y = The perpendicular distance from natural axis
• I = Moment of inertia
Assumptions:
Following are the assumptions made before the
derivation of the bending equation:
• The beam used is straight with a constant cross-section.
• The beam used is of homogeneous material with a
symmetrical longitudinal plane.
• The plane of symmetry has all the resultant of applied
loads.
• The primary cause of failure is buckling.
• E remains the same for tension and compression.
• Cross-section remains the same before and after
bending.
Derivation :
With the help of the above figure, the following are the
steps involved in the derivation of the bending equation:
• Strain in fiber AB is the ratio of change in length to original
length.
Strain in fiber
• AB =(A’B’-AB)/AB
• ∴ strain=(A’B’-C’D’)/C’D’ (as AB=CD and CD=C’D’)
• CD and C’D’ are on the neutral axis and stress is assumed
to be zero, therefore strain is also zero on the neutral axis.
• ={(R+y)θ –R*θ }\{R*θ }
• ={Rθ+yθ – Rθ}\{R*θ }
• strain={y}\{R} (equation *)
• From hook’s law:
strain = {σ}\{E} (equation **)
• From equation * and equation ** we get,
• {σ}\{E} = {y}\{R}
• where E is Young’s Modulus of Elasticity
• {σ}\{y} = {E}\{R}
• σ = E*y\R (equation 1)
• F = σdA = {E\R}*y dA (force acting on the strip with area
dA)
• Fy = {E/R}*y^2/ dA (momentum about neutral axis)
∴ (neutral axis coincides with the centroidal axis of plan)
Apply moment equilibrium condition
• M + Fy = 0
• M = - Fy
• M = - Σ (E/R)* y^2 dA (total momentum for entire cross-
sectional area)
• M = - E/R Σ y^2 dA
• Σ y^2 dA is known as the second momentum of the area
(moment of inertia) and is represented as I.
• ∴ M = -(E/R)*I (equation 2)
• From equation 1 and equation 2 we get,
• σ/y = -M/I = E/R
• σ =- M*y/I
And this is the flexural formula from the curvature .

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