Scribd
Upload
9 views17 pages

Lecture # 7

The lecture by Engr. Moazam Sattar covers power supplies, ripple factor calculations, and bipolar junction transistors. It emphasizes the importance of filtering in power supplies to achieve a constant voltage output and discusses the behavior of capacitors during charging and discharging. Additionally, the lecture explains the differences between full wave and half wave rectifiers in terms of ripple voltage and filtering efficiency.

Uploaded by

zaidiaiza83
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views17 pages

Lecture # 7

The lecture by Engr. Moazam Sattar covers power supplies, ripple factor calculations, and bipolar junction transistors. It emphasizes the importance of filtering in power supplies to achieve a constant voltage output and discusses the behavior of capacitors during charging and discharging. Additionally, the lecture explains the differences between full wave and half wave rectifiers in terms of ripple voltage and filtering efficiency.

Uploaded by

zaidiaiza83
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Lecture # 7

By
Engr. Moazam Sattar
Lecturer , Civil Engineering Department, NUML
Rawalpindi
Lecture Contents

• Power supplies
• Ripple factor and its calculations
• Bipolar Junction Transistors
Power supply Filtering
Power supply Filtering

• For a power supply there must be a constant voltage amplitude


without fluctuations
• The output of a Full wave or Half Wave rectifier is not
constant
• There must be some filtering to smoothen the output of
rectifiers
Initial Charging of the capacitor (diode is
forward-biased)
Dis charging of the capacitor (diode is
Reverse-biased)
Charging of the capacitor (diode is
Forward-biased)
Power Supply Filtering
• Capacitor input filter is used for filtering
• Capacitor is attached at the output of rectifier
• when the positive cycle arrived, diode becomes forward bias
• The capacitor start charging and it continues as voltage is increasing, when
voltage starts decreasing, capacitor starts discharging and diode becomes reverse
bias
• The time constant RC determines the discharging rate of capacitor
• Larger the time constant, lesser the capacitor discharge
Ripple Voltage

• Capacitor quickly charge and slowly discharge during the complete


cycle
• Variation in the capacitor voltage due to charging and discharging is
known as ripple voltage
• Smaller the ripple, better the filtering
Ripple Voltage
Zener diode
Power Supply Filtering

• Full wave rectifier has double the frequency as compare to half wave rectifier
• It is easier to filter the full wave rectifier output as there is short time between
peaks
• When filtered with same load resistor and capacitor, full wave rectifier has
small ripple as compared to half wave rectifier
• Because capacitor discharges less during the short intervals between full peaks
Ripple factor

The ratio of the RMS value of an alternating current component in the


rectified output to the average value of rectified output.
Ripple factor Formula
Application of Zener Diode

You might also like