Introduction to Neural Networks
• What are Neural Networks?
• - Neural Networks are computational models
inspired by the human brain. They consist of
layers of interconnected nodes (neurons) that
process and learn patterns from data.
• - Commonly used for tasks like image
recognition, natural language processing, and
predictive analytics.
• Why are Neural Networks Important?
Neural Network Architecture
• Overview of Architecture
• - Neural Networks are composed of layers that
transform data through weighted connections.
• - The main layers include input, hidden, and
output layers, each designed for specific
purposes in data processing.
• Components Explained
• 1. Input Layer:
Types of Neural Network
Architectures
• 1. Single-Layer Perceptron (SLP):
• - Simplest form with one input layer and one
output layer.
• - Used for linearly separable problems.
• - Example: OR and AND logical operations.
• 2. Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP):
• - Extends SLP with one or more hidden layers.
• - Suitable for non-linear problems like digit
Forward and Backward
Propagation
• Forward Propagation:
• - Data flows from the input layer to the output
layer through hidden layers.
• - Each neuron computes:
• - Weighted sum of inputs.
• - Applies activation function to determine
output.
• Backward Propagation:
Key Terminologies
• 1. Neuron:
• - A basic computational unit that takes input,
processes it, and generates output.
• 2. Weights and Biases:
• - Determine the influence of inputs on a
neuron.
• - Biases ensure neurons can activate even with
zero input.
Applications of Neural Networks
• Computer Vision:
• - Object detection, facial recognition, medical
imaging.
• Natural Language Processing:
• - Sentiment analysis, machine translation,
chatbot systems.
• Time Series Analysis:
Challenges in Neural Networks
• Overfitting:
• - Model performs well on training data but
poorly on new data.
• - Solution: Regularization techniques (e.g.,
Dropout).
• Computational Cost:
• - Training deep networks requires significant
computational resources.
Summary and Further Learning
• Summary:
• - Neural Networks are versatile tools for
solving complex problems.
• - Key architectures include MLPs, CNNs, and
RNNs, each designed for specific data types.
• Further Learning:
• - Books: "Deep Learning" by Ian Goodfellow.
• - Courses: Andrew Ng’s Deep Learning
