Topic one Measuring Matter
How do you think an object's mass relates to its weight ?
At any particular location , mass is proportional to weight
Mass is constant while weight depends on the strength of the force of gravity.
Topic one Measuring Matter
Matter
Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
Recall that matter is anything that has
mass and takes up space An object's mass does not change even if
the force of gravity upon the object changes
Note
The amount of space that matter
All forms of matter - solids, liquids, and gases have occupies is called its volume
volume. If we want to measure matter, such as the fruit
in Figure 1 , we need to measure both mass and volume
Topic one Measuring
Matter
Weight
Weight is a measure of the force of gravity on an object.
Note
1- The force of gravity depends on the mass of the planet or moon
where the object is being weighed. Because the moon has much
less mass than Earth
2- on the moon you would weigh about one sixth of what you
weigh on Earth.
3- Jupiter has much more mass than Earth. On Jupiter, you would
weigh more than twice what you weigh on Earth.
Topic one Measuring Matter
Finding Object
weight
you could place it on a scale like the ones shown in Figure 2
The object's weight pulls down on mechanisms inside the scale.
These mechanisms cause beams or springs inside the scale to
move
These movements are calibrated in such a way that the object's
weight is displayed on the face of the scale.
Topic one Measuring Matter
FOCUS
Mass Weight changes as the force of gravity changes.
Even between different
places on Earth , the force of gravity has slight variation,
so your weight would as well. This means we need a
measure of matter that is not affected by gravity.
Remem
That's where mass comes in
ber
mass does not change with location
even if the force of gravity changes. For this reason, scientists prefer to describe matter
in terms of mass rather than weight.
Topic one Measuring Matter
FOCUS
Scales that measure mass are designed to compare the
known mass of an object to the unknown mass of
another object (Figure 3)
To measure mass,
scientists use a system
called the International
System of Units (Sl).
Take
care
The Sl unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). In the United
States , we use pounds to measure weight.
Topic one Measuring Matter
Take
care
We can convert pounds to kilograms when the force of gravity at a
location is known
Relation
If you weigh 130 pounds on Earth, your mass is about 60
kilograms , because a kilogram is equivalent to about 2.2 pounds
A ti p
Sometimes, a smaller unit known as a gram (g) is used to measure
mass. There are 1,000 grams in a kilogram, or 0.001 kilograms in
a gram.
Topic one Measuring Matter
Calculating
Volume
Topic one Measuring Matter
Calculating
Volume
Topic one Measuring Matter
Determining
Density
Density is a measure of the mass of a material in a
Note given volume.
A kilogram of sand takes up much less space than a
kilogram of feathers.
The volumes differ because sand and feathers
have different densities
Topic one Measuring Matter
Calculating Density can be expressed as
Density
the number of grams in one cubic
centimeter ( g/cm 3
)
the density of water at room temperature is stated as "one gram
Remem per cubic centimeter"
ber (1 g/cm3
).
Recall that volume can also be measured in milliliters. So the
density of water can
also be expressed as 1 g/ml
Rule
You can determine the density of a sample of matter by dividing
its mass by its volume
Topic one Measuring Matter
Think with me
When you drop things into bodies of water, some things
sink and some things float… What determines this ?
Topic one Measuring Matter
Topic one Measuring Matter
Density and
Temperature
You know that mass is a physical property.
Density is a function of mass and volume, so it too is a physical
property.
E xa m
ti p
Increasing or decreasing the total amount of a given substance
won't change its density.
If you have 5 or 75 cubic centimeters of silver, they will both have
because they are both
themade
sameofdensity
the exact same substance.
Topic one Measuring Matter
Density and
Temperature
One factor that does affect density is temperature.
HOW ?
In general,
most substances become less dense as temperature
increases and more dense as temperature decreases
Note
warm masses of air rise up from Earth's surface and cold
air masses sink toward Earth's surface
Topic one Measuring Matter
Density and
Temperature
Note
warm masses of air rise up from Earth's surface and cold
air masses sink toward Earth's surface
Water also follows this general rule, but not always
Liquid water does expand , or get less dense , when it
gets warmer
It condenses , or gets denser, as it gets colder.
But when water cools below 40C , its density actually
begins to decrease again
Topic one Measuring Matter
Density and
Temperature
Density o
f
w at e r
Topic one Measuring Matter
Using Density
Because density is an intrinsic property of matter,
meaning that it does not change with the shape of an
object, density can be used to identify substances.
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