CLOUD COMPUTING

CLOUD COMPUTING

• The term cloud refers to a network or the internet. It is a

technology that uses remote servers on the internet to store,
manage, and access data online rather than local drives. The
data can be anything such as files, images, documents, audio,
video, and more.
 THERE ARE THE FOLLOWING OPERATIONS
THAT WE CAN DO USING CLOUD COMPUTING:

• Developing new applications and services

• Storage, back up, and recovery of data
• Hosting blogs and websites
• Delivery of software on demand
• Analysis of data
• Streaming videos and audios
 CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD
COMPUTING

• The characteristics of cloud computing are given below:

• 1) Agility
• The cloud works in a distributed computing environment. It
shares resources among users and works very fast.
• 2) High availability and reliability
• The availability of servers is high and more reliable because
the chances of infrastructure failure are minimum.
• 3) High Scalability
• Cloud offers "on-demand" provisioning of resources on a large
scale, without having engineers for peak loads.
• 4) Multi-Sharing
• With the help of cloud computing, multiple users and applications
can work more efficiently with cost reductions by sharing common
infrastructure.
• 5) Device and Location Independence
• Cloud computing enables the users to access systems using a web
browser regardless of their location or what device they use e.g. PC,
mobile phone, etc. As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided
by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can
connect from anywhere.
• 6) Maintenance
• Maintenance of cloud computing applications is easier, since they do
not need to be installed on each user's computer and can be
accessed from different places. So, it reduces the cost also.
• 7) Low Cost
• By using cloud computing, the cost will be reduced because to
take the services of cloud computing, IT company need not
to set its own infrastructure and pay-as-per usage of
resources.
• 8) Services in the pay-per-use mode
• Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are provided to
the users so that they can access services on the
cloud by using these APIs and pay the charges as per the
usage of services.
 A DVA NTAG E S A ND D I S A DVA NTAG E S O F C LO U D
C O MPU T I NG

• Advantages:
 CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

• Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-

oriented architecture and event-driven architecture.
• Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following two
parts -
• Front End
• Back End
ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUD
COMPUTING
• Front End
• The front end is used by the client. It contains client-side
interfaces and applications that are required to access the
cloud computing platforms. The front end includes web servers
(including Chrome, Firefox, internet explorer, etc.), thin & fat
clients, tablets, and mobile devices.
• Back End
• The back end is used by the service provider. It manages all
the resources that are required to provide cloud computing
services. It includes a huge amount of data storage,
• Components of Cloud Computing Architecture
• There are the following components of cloud computing architecture -
• 1. Client Infrastructure
• Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It provides GUI (Graphical
User Interface) to interact with the cloud.
• 2. Application
• The application may be any software or platform that a client wants to
access.
• 3. Service
• A Cloud Services manages that which type of service you access according
to the client’s requirement.
• Cloud computing offers the following three type of services:
• i. Software as a Service (SaaS) – It is also known as cloud application
services. Mostly, SaaS applications run directly through the web browser
means we do not require to download and install these applications. Some
important example of SaaS is given below –
• Example: Google Apps, Salesforce Dropbox, Slack, Hubspot, Cisco WebEx.
• .
• ii. Platform as a Service (PaaS) – It is also known as cloud
platform services. It is quite similar to SaaS, but the
difference is that PaaS provides a platform for software
creation, but using SaaS, we can access software over the
internet without the need of any platform
• Example: Windows Azure, Force.com, Magento Commerce
Cloud, OpenShift.
• iii. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – It is also known
as cloud infrastructure services. It is responsible for
managing applications data, middleware, and runtime
environments.
• Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Google Compute
Engine (GCE), Cisco Metapod.
• 4. Runtime Cloud
• Runtime Cloud provides the execution and runtime
environment to the virtual machines.
• 5. Storage
• Storage is one of the most important components of cloud
computing. It provides a huge amount of storage capacity in
the cloud to store and manage data.
• 6. Infrastructure
• It provides services on the host level, application level,
and network level. Cloud infrastructure includes hardware
and software components such as servers, storage, network
devices, virtualization software, and other storage resources
that are needed to support the cloud computing model.
• 7. Management
• Management is used to manage components such as
application, service, runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure, and
other security issues in the backend and establish coordination
between them.
• 8. Security
• Security is an in-built back end component of cloud computing.
It implements a security mechanism in the back end.
• 9. Internet
• The Internet is medium through which front end and back end
can interact and communicate with each other.
 TYPES OF CLOUD

• Cloud computing is a revolutionary technology transforming how

we store, access, and process data. It simply refers to delivering
computing resources, such as servers, storage, databases,
software, and applications, over the Internet. Cloud computing
uses a network of remote computer systems housed on the net
to save and process data rather than relying on physical
infrastructure.
• Cloud service companies use advanced security techniques,
which include encryption, firewalls, and access restrictions, to
secure your data from unauthorized access. Moreover, because
your information is saved in the cloud, it is secure even if your
nearby devices are damaged, misplaced, or stolen. Redundancy
and cloud backups guarantee that your data may be restored
promptly and effectively in case of any unexpected situations.
TYPES OF CLOUD
 PUBLIC CLOUD

• Public cloud is open to all to store and access information via

the Internet using the pay-per-usage method.
• In public cloud, computing resources are managed and
operated by the Cloud Service Provider (CSP). The CSP looks
after the supporting infrastructure and ensures that the
resources are accessible to and scalable for the users.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC
CLOUD

• The public cloud has the following key characteristics:

• Accessibility: Public cloud services are available to anyone
with an internet connection. Users can access their data and
programs at any time and from anywhere.
• Shared Infrastructure: Several users share the infrastructure
in public cloud settings. Cost reductions and effective resource
use are made possible by this.
• Scalability: By using the public cloud, users can easily adjust
the resources they need based on their requirements, allowing
for quick scaling up or down.
• Pay-per-Usage: When using the public cloud, payment is
based on usage, so users only pay for the resources they
actually use. This helps optimize costs and eliminates the need
• Managed by Service Providers: Cloud service providers
manage and maintain public cloud infrastructure. They handle
hardware maintenance, software updates, and security tasks,
relieving users of these responsibilities.
• Reliability and Redundancy: Public cloud providers ensure
high reliability by implementing redundant systems and
multiple data centers. By doing this, the probability of losing
data and experiencing service disruptions is reduced.
• Security Measures: Public cloud providers implement robust
security measures to protect user data. These include
encryption, access controls, and regular security audits.
 ADVANTAGES OF PUBLIC CLOUD

• There are the following advantages of Public Cloud -

• Public cloud is owned at a lower cost than the private and hybrid cloud.
• Public cloud is maintained by the cloud service provider, so do not need
to worry about the maintenance.
• Public cloud is easier to integrate. Hence it offers a better flexibility
approach to consumers.
• Public cloud is location independent because its services are delivered
through the internet.
• Public cloud is highly scalable as per the requirement of computing
resources.
• It is accessible by the general public, so there is no limit to the number
of users.
 DISADVANTAGES OF PUBLIC CLOUD

• Public Cloud is less secure because resources are shared

publicly.
• Performance depends upon the high-speed internet network
link to the cloud provider.
• The data is not under the control of the client.
• Dependency on the cloud service provider for availability and
service level agreements.
• Compliance challenges in meeting industry-specific regulations
and standards.
• Risk of vendor lock-in and limited portability of applications
and data.
 PRIVATE CLOUD

• Private cloud is also known as an internal cloud or corporate

cloud. It is used by organizations to build and manage their
own data centers internally or by the third party. It can be
deployed using Opensource tools such as Openstack and
Eucalyptus.
 BASED ON THE LOCATION AND
MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY (NIST)
DIVIDE PRIVATE CLOUD INTO THE
FOLLOWING TWO PARTS-

• On-premise private cloud: An on-premise private cloud is

situated within the physical infrastructure of the organization.
It involves setting up and running a specific data center that
offers cloud services just for internal usage by the company.
• Outsourced private cloud: An outsourced private cloud
involves partnering with a third-party service provider to host
and manage the cloud infrastructure on behalf of the
organization. The provider may operate the private cloud in
their data center or a colocation facility.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIVATE
CLOUD

• The private cloud has the following key characteristics:

• Exclusive Use: Private cloud is dedicated to a single organization,
ensuring the resources and services are tailored to its needs. It is like
having a personal cloud environment exclusively for that organization.
• Control and Security: Private cloud offers organizations higher
control and security than public cloud options. Organizations have
more control over data governance, access controls, and security
measures.
• Customization and Flexibility: Private cloud allows organizations
to customize the infrastructure according to their specific
requirements. They can configure resources, networks, and storage to
optimize performance and efficiency.
• Scalability and Resource Allocation: The private cloud can scale
and allocate resources. According to demand, businesses may scale
up or down their infrastructure, effectively using their resources.
 ADVANTAGES OF PRIVATE CLOUD

• There are the following advantages of the Private Cloud -

• Private cloud provides a high level of security and privacy to the users.
• Private cloud offers better performance with improved speed and space
capacity.
• It allows the IT team to quickly allocate and deliver on-demand IT resources.
• The organization has full control over the cloud because it is managed by the
organization itself. So, there is no need for the organization to depends on
anybody.
• It is suitable for organizations that require a separate cloud for their personal
use and data security is the first priority.
• Customizable to meet specific business needs and compliance regulations.
 DISADVANTAGES OF PRIVATE CLOUD

• Skilled people are required to manage and operate cloud services.

• Private cloud is accessible within the organization, so the area of
operations is limited.
• Private cloud is not suitable for organizations that have a high
user base, and organizations that do not have the prebuilt
infrastructure, sufficient manpower to maintain and manage the
cloud.
• Higher upfront costs and ongoing maintenance expenses.
• Scaling resources can be challenging compared to public or hybrid
cloud options.
 HYBRID CLOUD

• Hybrid Cloud is a combination of the public cloud and the

private cloud. we can say:
• Hybrid cloud is partially secure because the services which are
running on the public cloud can be accessed by anyone, while
the services which are running on a private cloud can be
accessed only by the organization's users. In a hybrid cloud
setup, organizations can leverage the benefits of both public
and private clouds to create a flexible and scalable computing
environment.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID
CLOUD

• Integration of Public and Private Clouds: Hybrid cloud seamlessly integrates public and
private clouds, allowing organizations to leverage both advantages. It provides a unified
platform where workloads and data can be deployed and managed across both
environments.
• Flexibility and Scalability: Hybrid cloud offers resource allocation and scalability flexibility.
Organizations can dynamically scale their infrastructure by utilizing additional resources
from the public cloud while maintaining control over critical workloads on the private cloud.
• Enhanced Security and Control: Hybrid cloud allows organizations to maintain higher
security and control over their sensitive data and critical applications. Private cloud
components provide a secure and dedicated environment, while public cloud resources can
be used for non-sensitive tasks, ensuring a balanced approach to data protection.
• Cost Optimization: Hybrid cloud enables organizations to optimize costs by utilizing the
cost-effective public cloud for non-sensitive workloads while keeping mission-critical
applications and data on the more cost-efficient private cloud. This approach allows for
efficient resource allocation and cost management.
• Data and Application Portability: Organizations can move
workloads and data between public and private clouds as
needed with a hybrid cloud. This portability offers agility and
the ability to adapt to changing business requirements,
ensuring optimal performance and responsiveness.
• Compliance and Regulatory Compliance: Hybrid cloud
helps organizations address compliance and regulatory
requirements more effectively. Sensitive data and applications
can be kept within the private cloud, ensuring compliance with
industry-specific regulations while leveraging the public cloud
for other non-sensitive operations
 ADVANTAGES OF HYBRID CLOUD

• There are the following advantages of Hybrid Cloud -

• Hybrid cloud is suitable for organizations that require more security than the
public cloud.
• Hybrid cloud helps you to deliver new products and services more quickly.
• Hybrid cloud provides an excellent way to reduce the risk.
• Hybrid cloud offers flexible resources because of the public cloud and secure
resources because of the private cloud.
• Hybrid facilitates seamless integration between on-premises infrastructure
and cloud environments.
• Hybrid provides greater control over sensitive data and compliance
requirements.
 DISADVANTAGES OF HYBRID CLOUD

• In Hybrid Cloud, security feature is not as good as the private cloud.

• Managing a hybrid cloud is complex because it is difficult to manage more
than one type of deployment model.
• In the hybrid cloud, the reliability of the services depends on cloud service
providers.
• Potential challenges in data integration and ensuring seamless connectivity
between different cloud platforms.
• Higher costs due to the need for managing and integrating multiple cloud
environments.
• Increased complexity in data governance and compliance management
across different cloud providers.
 COMMUNITY CLOUD

• Community cloud allows systems and services to be accessible

by a group of several organizations to share the information
between the organization and a specific community. It is
owned, managed, and operated by one or more organizations
in the community, a third party, or a combination of them.

Example: Health Care community cloud

 CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNITY
CLOUD

• Shared Infrastructure: Community cloud provides a shared infrastructure accessible to a

specific community of organizations. The participating organizations can leverage this
common cloud infrastructure to meet their shared computing needs and objectives.
• Community-specific Services: The community cloud provides resources, apps, and services
adapted to the participating organizations' demands. These services are created to meet the
community's specific requirements and difficulties while promoting effective communication
and information exchange.
• Community Ownership and Management: The community cloud is owned, managed, and
operated by one or more organizations from the community, a third party, or a combination of
both. The involved organizations have a say in the governance and decision-making
procedures to ensure that the cloud infrastructure meets their shared objectives.
• Enhanced Security and Compliance: Community cloud emphasizes security and
compliance measures relevant to the specific community. It allows for implementing robust
security controls, access management, and compliance frameworks that meet the
community's regulatory requirements and industry standards.
• Cost Sharing and Efficiency: Participating organizations in a community cloud
benefit from cost sharing. By sharing the infrastructure and resources, the costs
associated with establishing and maintaining the cloud environment are distributed
among the community members. This leads to cost efficiency and reduced financial
burden for individual organizations.
• Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing: The community cloud encourages
communication and information exchange amongst participating businesses. It
gives community members a forum for project collaboration, information sharing,
and resource exploitation. This encourages creativity, education, and effectiveness
within the neighborhood.
• Scalability and Flexibility: Community cloud enables organizations to scale up or
reduce their resources in response to demand. This allows the community to adjust
to shifting computing requirements and efficiently use cloud resources as needed.
 ADVANTAGES OF COMMUNITY
CLOUD

• There are the following advantages of Community Cloud -

• Community cloud is cost-effective because the whole cloud is being shared by
several organizations or communities.
• Community cloud is suitable for organizations that want to have a
collaborative cloud with more security features than the public cloud.
• It provides better security than the public cloud.
• It provdes collaborative and distributive environment.
• Community cloud allows us to share cloud resources, infrastructure, and other
capabilities among various organizations.
• Offers customization options to meet the unique needs and requirements of
the community.
 DISADVANTAGES OF COMMUNITY
CLOUD

• Community cloud is not a good choice for every organization.

• Security features are not as good as the private cloud.
• It is not suitable if there is no collaboration.
• The fixed amount of data storage and bandwidth is shared
among all community members.
• Challenges in ensuring consistent performance and availability
when multiple organizations share the same resources.
• Limited scalability options as the shared resources determine
the community cloud's capacity.
 MULTI-CLOUD

• Multi-cloud is a strategy in cloud computing where companies

utilize more than one cloud service provider or platform to
meet their computing needs. It involves distributing workloads,
applications, and statistics throughout numerous cloud
environments consisting of public, private, and hybrid clouds.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTI-CLOUD

• Multiple Cloud Providers: The key characteristic of multi-cloud is the utilization

of multiple cloud service providers. Organizations can leverage the offerings of
different providers, such as Amazon web services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google
Cloud Platform (GCP), and others, to access a huge range of services and
capabilities.
• Diversification and Risk Reduction: Thanks to multi-cloud, organizations may
distribute workloads, apps, and data across several cloud environments. This
diversification decreases the danger of vendor lock-in, and the effects of any
service interruptions or outages from a single cloud provider are lessened.
• Flexibility and Vendor Independence: Businesses using multi-cloud can choose
the finest cloud services from various providers per their requirements. This
approach enables companies to leverage each provider's unique benefits and
avoids needing to depend solely on a single supplier for all their cloud computing
requirements.
• Optimization of Services and Costs: Organizations may optimize their
services and costs by using a multi-cloud strategy and choosing the most
affordable and appropriate cloud provider for each workload or application.
They can use specialized services from many sources to meet certain
demands, taking advantage of competitive pricing structures.
• Enhanced Reliability and Performance: Multi-cloud enhances reliability
and performance by utilizing multiple cloud environments. By utilizing the
infrastructure and resources of various providers, organizations can achieve
high availability, scalability, and enhanced performance for their applications
and services
• Data Sovereignty and Compliance: Multi-cloud allows organizations to
address data sovereignty and compliance requirements by choosing cloud
providers with data centers in specific regions or jurisdictions. It provides
flexibility in managing data residency and regulatory compliance obligations.
• Interoperability and Integration: Multi-cloud necessitates interoperability
and integration between different cloud platforms. Organizations must
ensure seamless data exchange, application compatibility, and integration of
services across the various cloud environments they utilize.
 ADVANTAGES OF MULTI-CLOUD:

• There are the following advantages of multi-Cloud -

• It allows organizations to choose the most suitable cloud services from different
providers based on their specific requirements.
• Distributing workloads and data across multiple cloud environments enhances
reliability and ensures resilience in case of service disruptions or downtime.
• By utilizing its providers, organizations can avoid dependency on a single
vendor and mitigate the risks associated with vendor lock-in.
• Organizations can optimize services and costs by selecting the most cost-
effective and suitable cloud provider for each workload or application.
• Leveraging the infrastructure and resources of different cloud providers allows
organizations to achieve high availability, scalability, and improved
performance.
 DISADVANTAGES OF MULTI-CLOUD:

• Increased complexity in managing multiple cloud

environments.
• Potential for higher costs due to multiple subscriptions and
data transfer fees.
• Challenges in ensuring data governance and compliance across
multiple clouds.
• Integration difficulties and compatibility issues between
different cloud providers.
• Potential for increased management overhead and resource
requirements.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUBLIC CLOUD, PRIVATE
CLOUD, HYBRID CLOUD, AND COMMUNITY CLOUD -

Parameter Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud Community Cloud Multi-Cloud

Host Service provider Enterprise (Third party) Enterprise (Third party) Community (Third party) Multiple cloud providers

Users General public Selected users Selected users Community members Multiple organizations

Access Internet Internet, VPN Internet, VPN Internet, VPN Internet, VPN

Owner Service provider Enterprise Enterprise Community Multiple organizations

Cost Pay-per-usage Infrastructure investment Mixed (variable) Shared cost among members Variable depending on usage

Security Provider's responsibility Enhanced control Varied (depends on setup) Varied (depends on setup) Varied (depends on setup)

Scalability Highly scalable Scalable within resources Scalable within resources Scalable within resources Scalable within resources

Customization Limited control High control Varied (depends on setup) Varied (depends on setup) Varied (depends on setup)

Resource Sharing Not shared Not shared Varied (depends on setup) Shared among community Shared among providers
 3 S E RV I C E MO DE L S O F C LO U D CO MPU T I NG

• Cloud Computing helps in rendering several services according

to roles, companies, etc. Cloud computing models are
explained below.
• Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
• Platform as a service (PaaS)
• Software as a service (SaaS)
 1. INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS)

• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) helps in delivering computer infrastructure on

an external basis for supporting operations. Generally, IaaS provides services to
networking equipment, devices, databases, and web servers.
• Advantages of IaaS
• IaaS is cost-effective as it eliminates capital expenses.
• IaaS cloud provider provides better security than any other software.
• IaaS provides remote access.
• Disadvantages of IaaS
• In IaaS, users have to secure their own data and applications.
• Cloud computing is not accessible in some regions of the World.
 2. PLATFORM AS A SERVICE (PAAS)

• Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a type of cloud computing that helps

developers to build applications and services over the Internet by
providing them with a platform.
• PaaS helps in maintaining control over their business applications.
• Advantages of PaaS
• PaaS is simple and very much convenient for the user as it can be
accessed via a web browser.
• PaaS has the capabilities to efficiently manage the lifecycle.
• Disadvantages of PaaS
• PaaS has limited control over infrastructure as they have less control
over the environment and are not able to make some customizations.
• PaaS has a high dependence on the provider.
 3 . S O F T WA R E A S A S E R V I C E ( S A A S )

• Software as a Service (SaaS) is a type of cloud computing model that is the

work of delivering services and applications over the Internet. The SaaS
applications are called Web-Based Software or Hosted Software.
• SaaS has around 60 percent of cloud solutions and due to this, it is mostly
preferred by companies.
• Advantages of SaaS
• SaaS can access app data from anywhere on the Internet.
• SaaS provides easy access to features and services.
• Disadvantages of SaaS
• SaaS solutions have limited customization, which means they have some
restrictions within the platform.
• SaaS has little control over the data of the user.
• SaaS are generally cloud-based, they require a stable internet connection
for proper working.
 A D VA N TA G E S O V E R O N - P R E M I S E S

• Scalability
• Security
• Accessibility and Flexibility
• Automatic Updates and maintenance
• Cost Efficiency
• Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
• Elasticity
 AW S S U IT E

AWS (Amazon Web Services) offers a comprehensive suite of cloud

computing services that cater to a wide range of needs and requirements.
Here’s an overview of some key services within the AWS ecosystem:
• Compute Services:
• Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud): Provides resizable compute capacity in
the cloud, allowing you to quickly scale up or down based on demand.
• AWS Lambda: Runs code in response to events without provisioning or
managing servers. It's serverless computing.
• AWS Elastic Beanstalk: Deploys and manages applications in the cloud without
worrying about the infrastructure.
• Storage Services:
• Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service): Object storage built to store and
retrieve any amount of data from anywhere.
• Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store): Persistent block storage for EC2 instances.
• Amazon Glacier: Low-cost cloud storage for data archiving and long-term
backup.
•Database Services:

•Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service): Managed relational database service for
MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and more.
•Amazon DynamoDB: Fully managed NoSQL database service.
•Amazon Aurora: MySQL and PostgreSQL-compatible relational database built for the cloud.

•Networking Services:

•Amazon VPC (Virtual Private Cloud): Lets you provision a logically isolated section of the AWS cloud.
•AWS Direct Connect: Establishes a dedicated network connection from your premises to AWS.
•Amazon Route 53: Scalable DNS (Domain Name System) web service.
•AI/ML Services:

•Amazon SageMaker: Fully managed service that provides every developer and data scientist
with the ability
to build, train, and deploy machine learning models quickly.
•Amazon Rekognition: Deep learning-based image and video analysis.
•Amazon Comprehend: Natural language processing (NLP) service for finding insights and
relationships in text.

•Analytics Services:

•Amazon Redshift: Fast, fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse service.

•Amazon EMR (Elastic MapReduce): Managed Hadoop framework for
big data processing and analysis.
•Amazon Kinesis: Managed services for real-time processing of streaming data at scale.
•Security and Identity Services:
•AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management): Enables you to manage access to AWS services
and resources securely.
•AWS Shield: Managed DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) protection.
•AWS WAF (Web Application Firewall): Protects web applications from common web exploits.

•Developer Tools:
•AWS CodePipeline: Continuous integration and continuous delivery service.
•AWS CodeBuild: Fully managed build service.
•AWS CodeDeploy: Automates code deployments to any instance, including
Amazon EC2 instances and instances running on-premises.

•Management and Monitoring:

•AWS CloudWatch: Monitoring and observability service for AWS cloud resources and applications.
•AWS CloudFormation: Infrastructure as code service to provision and
manage AWS resources using templates.
 V I RT U A L I Z AT I O N I N AW S

• Virtualization is technology that you can use to create virtual

representations of servers, storage, networks, and other
physical machines. Virtual software mimics the functions of
physical hardware to run multiple virtual machines
simultaneously on a single physical machine.
 WHY IS VIRTUALIZATION IMPORTANT?

• By using virtualization, you can interact with any hardware

resource with greater flexibility. Physical servers consume
electricity, take up storage space, and need maintenance. You
are often limited by physical proximity and network design if
you want to access them. Virtualization removes all these
limitations by abstracting physical hardware functionality into
software. You can manage, maintain, and use your hardware
infrastructure like an application on the web.
 VIRTUALIZATION EXAMPLE

• Consider a company that needs servers for three functions:

• Store business email securely
• Run a customer-facing application
• Run internal business applications
• Each of these functions has different configuration
requirements:
• The email application requires more storage capacity and a Windows
operating system.
• The customer-facing application requires a Linux operating system
and high processing power to handle large volumes of website traffic.
• The internal business application requires iOS and more internal
memory (RAM).
• Efficient hardware use
• With virtualization, the company creates three digital servers,
or virtual machines, on a single physical server. It specifies the
operating system requirements for the virtual machines and
can use them like the physical servers. However, the company
now has less hardware and fewer related expenses.
• Infrastructure as a service
• The company can go one step further and use a cloud instance
or virtual machine from a cloud computing provider such as
AWS. AWS manages all the underlying hardware, and the
company can request server resources with varying
configurations. All the applications run on these virtual servers
without the users noticing any difference. Server management
also becomes easier for the company’s IT team.
• Virtualization is a process that allows a computer to share its
hardware resources with multiple digitally separated
environments. Each virtualized environment runs within its
allocated resources, such as memory, processing power, and
storage. With virtualization, organizations can switch between
different operating systems on the same server without
rebooting.
• Virtual machines and hypervisors are two important concepts
in virtualization.
• Virtual machine
• Hypervisor
• Virtual machine
• A virtual machine is a software-defined computer that runs on a
physical computer with a separate operating system and computing
resources. The physical computer is called the host machine and
virtual machines are guest machines. Multiple virtual machines can
run on a single physical machine. Virtual machines are abstracted
from the computer hardware by a hypervisor.
• Hypervisor
• The hypervisor is a software component that manages multiple
virtual machines in a computer. It ensures that each virtual machine
gets the allocated resources and does not interfere with the
operation of other virtual machines. There are two types of
hypervisors.
• Type 1 hypervisor
• A type 1 hypervisor, or bare-metal hypervisor, is a hypervisor
program installed directly on the computer’s hardware instead of the
operating system. Therefore, type 1 hypervisors have better
performance and are commonly used by enterprise applications. KVM
uses the type 1 hypervisor to host multiple virtual machines on the
Linux operating system.
• Type 2 hypervisor
• Also known as a hosted hypervisor, the type 2 hypervisor is installed
on an operating system. Type 2 hypervisors are suitable for end-user
computing.
TYPES OF VI RTUAL IZ ATIO N
• 1. Application Virtualization: Application virtualization helps a
user to have remote access to an application from a server.
• 2. Network virtualization: Any computer network has hardware
elements such as switches, routers, and firewalls. An organization
with offices in multiple geographic locations can have several
different network technologies working together to create its
enterprise network. Network virtualization is a process that
combines all of these network resources to centralize
administrative tasks. Administrators can adjust and control these
elements virtually without touching the physical components,
which greatly simplifies network management.
• 3. Server virtualization
• Server virtualization is a process that partitions a physical server
into multiple virtual servers. It is an efficient and cost-effective way
to use server resources and deploy IT services in an organization.
Without server virtualization, physical servers use only a small
amount of their processing capacities, which leave devices idle.
• 4. Storage virtualization
• Storage virtualization combines the functions of physical
storage devices such as network attached storage (NAS) and
storage area network (SAN). You can pool the storage hardware
in your data center, even if it is from different vendors or of
different types. Storage virtualization uses all your physical
data storage and creates a large unit of virtual storage that
you can assign and control by using management software.
• 5. Data virtualization
• Modern organizations collect data from several sources and
store it in different formats. They might also store data in
different places, such as in a cloud infrastructure and an on-
premises data center. Data virtualization creates a software
layer between this data and the applications that need it. Data
virtualization tools process an application’s data request and
return results in a suitable format. Thus, organizations use data
virtualization solutions to increase flexibility for data
integration and support cross-functional data analysis.
• 6. Desktop virtualization
• Most organizations have nontechnical staff that use desktop
operating systems to run common business applications. For
instance, you might have the following staff:
• A customer service team that requires a desktop computer
with Windows 10 and customer-relationship management
software
• A marketing team that requires Windows Vista for sales
applications
• You can use desktop virtualization to run these different
desktop operating systems on virtual machines, which your
teams can access remotely. This type of virtualization makes
desktop management efficient and secure, saving money on
desktop hardware. The following are types of desktop
virtualization.
 XEN HYPERVISOR

• Xen is a type 1 hypervisor that creates logical pools of system

resources so that many virtual machines can share the same
physical resources.
• Xen is a hypervisor that runs directly on the system hardware.
Xen inserts a virtualization layer between the system hardware
and the virtual machines, turning the system hardware into a
pool of logical computing resources that Xen can dynamically
allocate to any guest operating system. The operating systems
running in virtual machines interact with the virtual resources
as if they were physical resources.
A SYSTEM WITH XEN RUNNING VIRTUAL
MACHINES
• Xen is running three virtual machines. Each virtual machine is
running a guest operating system and applications
independent of other virtual machines while sharing the same
physical resources.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AWS, AZURE,
AND GOOGLE CLOUD PLATFORM
Parameter AWS Azure Google Cloud Platform
App Testing It uses device farm It uses DevTest labs It uses Cloud Test labs.
API Management Amazon API gateway Azure API gateway Cloud endpoints.
Kubernetes Management EKS Kubernetes service Kubernetes engine

Git Repositories AWS source repositories Azure source repositories Cloud source repositories.

Data warehouse Redshift SQL warehouse Big Query

Object Storage S3 Block Blobs and files Google cloud storage.
Relational DB RDS Relational DBs Google Cloud SQL
Block Storage EBS Page Blobs Persistent disks
Marketplace AWS Azure G suite
File Storage EFS Azure Files ZFS and Avere
Media Services Amazon Elastic transcoder Azure media services Cloud video intelligence API

Virtual network VPC VNet Subnet

Pricing Per hour Per minute Per minute
Maximum processors in 128 128 96
VM
Maximum memory in VM 3904 3800 1433
(GiB)
Catching ElasticCache RedisCache CloudCDN
Load Balancing Elastic Load Balancing Load Balancer Application Cloud Load Balancing
Configuration Gateway
Global Content Delivery CloudFront Content Delivery Network Cloud Interconnect
Networks