96 Hours Training– Mumbai

Metro Line 5

1
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Personal Protective
Equipment
• Definition: Devices used to protect
an employees from injury or illness
resulting from contact with chemical ,
radiological, physical, electrical,
mechanical, or other workplace
hazards.
• The need for PPE and the type of PPE
used is based on hazard present; each
situation must be evaluated
independently
So, what is it???
 Head Protection
• Require a hard outer
shell and a shock-
absorbing liner
• Have a head band
that suspend the shell
from 1” to 1 ¼” away
from the head
• Resist penetration
• Absorb a blow
 Head Protection
Color Code:-
a)Management, engineers, site
agents and other site supervisors.
- VOILET with Company logo.
b)Sub-contractors and supervising
staffs of subcontractors. – Blue
c)Safety Officers/Safety
Engineers/Safety Assistants –
Green with company logo
d)Sub-contractors Safety
Officers/Safety Engineers/Safety
Assistants – Green
e)General workers – Yellow with
company logo
f)Sub-contractors general workers
– Yellow
Eye Protection
Eye & Face Protection
Temperature
Protection

• Medical
Conditions
• Cold
Environments
• Hot
Environments
Fall Protection
Fall Protection

Workers in hoppers, bins or confined spaces or

on steep slopes, swinging scaffolds, structural
steel, or work at an elevation 3M or more
above the ground/platform shall be secured by
full body safety harnesses and anchored.

Where anchorage is not available, independent

lifeline with fall arrestors shall be provided.
Respiratory Protection
Water Protection
• Life
jacket
Eye Protection
• Common Uses:
– Impact Protection
– Chemical Hazards
– Radiation Protection
• Welder’s goggles
• Laser goggles
• Ultra Violet (UV)
• Infrared
Eye Protection -
Selection
• Visitor specs are only appropriate for non-
employees with no true exposure to hazards
• Safety glasses are used to protect the eyes
from flying objects (no face protection)
• Chemical splash goggles protect against fluids
by sealing tightly against the face
• Face shields provide highest level of
protection
Face Shield - the highest level
of Face Protection
Hearing Protection
Hearing Protection Basics

• Noise induced hearing loss can occur with

exposures >90 dBA
• A hearing conservation program becomes a
requirement at exposures >85dBA
• Higher levels of noise exposure have
shorter allowable exposure times
Noise levels versus Duration
Sound Level Exposure
(dBA) (hours)
90 8
92 6
95
4
100
2
105
1
110
0.5
115
0.25
 Hearing Protection
• Rule of Thumb - if you cannot carry on a
conversation in a normal tone of voice with
someone at arm’s length, you are likely near
90dBA
• All hearing protection devices should have a
Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) = # of decibels
they will reduce noise levels
• Be conservative when using NRRs
 Examples
• Example 1
– Ear plugs with NRR of 25 dBA
– exposure = 105 dBA
– 105 minus 25 = 80 dB therefore okay
• Example 2
– same plugs
– exposure = 125 dBA
– 125 minus 25 = 100 dB not acceptable;
must be below 90 dB
 Hearing Protection - Types
• Ear Plugs - less expensive, disposable, good
ones have fairly high NRRs - sometimes
difficult to tell if employees are wearing
them
• Ear Muffs - more expensive, more durable,
typically higher NRRs than plugs, more
obvious
• Can be used together in very high noise
areas
Arm and Hand Protection
Hand Protection
Gloves - Typical Uses
• Chemical protection
• Biohazard protection
• Abrasion protection
• Friction protection
• Protection from extremes of
heat and cold
 PPE

• Head protection
• Eye and Face protection
• Hearing protection
• Respiratory protection
• Arm and Hand protection
• Foot and Leg protection
• Protective clothing
Why
gloves
Foot & Leg Protection

• Safety
Shoes
 Protective Footwear

• Steel-toed footwear, preferably with

metatarsal guards, is used to protect feet
from crushing injuries caused by heavy
objects
• Rubber boots are often used to protect feet
from exposure to liquids
• Chaps or leggings are used in certain
applications (i.e., using a chainsaw)
WORKING AT HEIGHTS
 Full body harness complete
with rear dorsal ring
 1.75m fixed length lanyard

 Shock absorbing device

 55mm opening scaffold

hook for one handed
operation
Other Protective Clothing
Other Protective Clothing
• Used to protect street clothes
from hazards in the workplace
• Often hazard specific
• To be considered effective,
protective clothing must prevent
the contaminant from reaching
the clothing or skin of the
wearer!
Respiratory Protection
Respiratory Protection
• Protects users by removing
harmful materials that may
enter the body via the lungs
• Inhalation is one of the quickest,
most efficient ways to introduce
lethal levels of hazardous
materials into the body
Respiratory System
 Respirators - Types

• Air Purifying Respirators (APR)

– Half-face
– Full Face

• Powered Air Purifying Respirators

(PAPR)
• Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
(SCBA)
 Respirators

• Does not include:

– Surgical Masks
– Dust Masks

• N-95 respirators are a special

class of respiratory protection
primarily used in the health
care field
Respirators - A Big Caveat!!!
• Employees should not wear a
respirator unless they have been
medically cleared to do so!

• This clearance may take the form

of a questionnaire, physical
examination, pulmonary function
testing, chest X-Ray, or a
combination of the above
 Why?

• Respirators put additional resistance against the

respiratory system of the wearer

• Persons with undiagnosed respiratory system or

cardiovascular problems could trigger a serious
medical problem (respiratory distress, asthma,
heart attack, etc.) by using a respirator
 PPE Usage

• Supervisors are responsible for ensuring

that PPE is available and worn

• Employees are responsible for wearing

& maintaining PPE, and reporting worn
or defective PPE to their supervisor
 Recap
• PPE is hazard specific; the hazards of each
workplace and task must be evaluated

• PPE is used as a last resort when the hazard

cannot be controlled by other methods

• Supervisors are responsible to ensure it is

available and worn; Employees must wear and
maintain their PPE
 Recap

• PPE is only considered effective if it prevents

the contaminant from reaching the wearer

• Respirators should not be worn by employees

unless they have been medically cleared to do
so
Dressed for Success!
Dressed for
Success!
PPE - Safety items that are essential to minimize the risk of
suffering bodily injuries in case of an accident
 Potential Incidences of Foot Hazards
Impact Injuries
◦ At work, heavy objects can fall on
your feet. If you work around sharp
objects, you can step on something
sharp and puncture your foot
Injuries
from Spills and
Splashes
◦ Liquids such as acids, caustics, and
molten metals can spill into your
shoes and boots. These hazardous
materials can cause chemical and
heat burns
 Potential Incidences of Foot Hazards
Compression Injuries
◦ Heavy machinery, equipment,
and other objects can roll over
your feet. The Result of these
types of accidents is often broken
or crushed bones

Electrical Shocks
◦ Accidents involving electricity
can cause severe shocks and
burns
Elimination or Control of Hazards
Housekeeping
◦ Poorly maintained machinery,
tools, sloppy work areas, and
cluttered aisles all contribute
to foot injuries
Signs
◦ Identify temporary slip/trip
areas
 Proper Fit and Use of PPE
 Select and use the right kind of
footwear for the job you are going
to be performing.
◦ Proper fit
◦ Correct protection for job task
 Inspect your footwear before you
use them
◦ Look for holes and cracks that might
leak
◦ Replace footwear that are worn or
torn
 When working with chemicals
◦ hose your footwear with water to rinse
away any chemicals or dirt before
removing your footwear
 Store footwear in a clean, cool,
dry, ventilated area
 Types of Foot PPE
Safety Shoes and Boots
◦ Steel toe footwear
 protects your toes from falling
objects and from being crushed
◦ Metatarsal footwear
 special guards that run from your
ankle to your toes and protect your
entire foot
◦ Reinforced sole footwear
 metal reinforcement that protects
your foot from punctures
◦ Latex/Rubber footwear
 resists chemicals and provides extra
traction on slippery surfaces
 Type of Foot PPE
Safety Shoes and Boots
◦ PVC footwear
 protects your feet against moisture and
improves traction
◦ Butyl footwear
 protects against most ketones,
aldehydes, alcohols, acids, salts, and
alkalies
◦ Vinyl footwear
 resists solvents, acids, alkalies, salts,
water, grease, and blood
◦ Nitrile footwear
 resists animal fats, oils, and chemicals
 Types of Foot PPE

Safety Shoes and Boots

◦ Electrostatic dissipating
footwear
 conducts static electricity to floors that
are grounded
◦ Electrical hazard footwear
 insulated with tough rubber to prevent
shocks and burns from electricity
◦ Disposable footwear
 includes shower slippers, clear
polyethylene and non-woven booties
used in dust free work areas
 Why is Body Protection Important?

The skin acts as a

natural barrier to the
elements
Chemicals can break
down the skin barrier
and allow secondary
infections to manifest
 Types of Body Hazards

Potential Incidences of Body Hazards

Temperature stress
◦ Exposure to heat (hot metals) or cold (dry ice)
which results in burns
Chemical Contact
◦ Chemical splash
◦ Contact with potentially infectious materials
Radiation
 Types of Body Hazards

Elimination or Control of Hazards

Signage
◦ Communication of hot/cold or radiation
Physical Barriers
◦ Metal shielding or cement barrier
◦ Splash guards on chemical hoods
◦ Closed chemical systems
 Proper Fit and Use of PPE
 Selectand use the right
kind of body protection for
the job you are going to be
performing
◦ Make sure chemical resistant
to what working with
 Inspect your aprons/body
shields before you use
them
 Store body protection in a
clean, cool, dry, ventilated
area
 Types of Body PPE

Insulated Coats and Pants

◦ Fire resistant
◦ Heat resistant
◦ Cold resistant
Sleeves and Aprons
◦ Work well when pouring or manipulating
chemical to reduce splash
◦ Make sure the sleeves and aprons are
appropriate for the chemical
 Types of Body PPE

Types of Body Protection

Coveralls
◦ use for particulate filtering such
as asbestos
◦ Chemical rated
Full body suit
◦ Hazardous materials handling
◦ Carbon filtering for emergency
response
MANDATORY PPE (PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT)
• PPE protects a person from risks of injury or illness.
• PPE does not control the hazard at the source.
• PPE is the last line of defense.
Hearing Resp
Protection irato
r

Hand
Protecti
on

Fall Welding Shield /

Protect Cutting Goggles
ion
 Safety Belts, Lifelines, Lanyards

Lifelines shall be secured

above the point of
operation to an
anchorage or structural
member capable of
supporting a minimum
dead weight of 5,400
pounds.
 Safety Belts, Lifelines, Lanyards
Safety belts lanyard shall
be a minimum of ½-inch
nylon, or equivalent, with a
maximum length to
provide for a fall of no
greater than 6 feet.

The rope shall have a

nominal breaking strength
of 5,400 pounds.
 Safety Belts, Lifelines, Lanyards
Allsafety belt and lanyard
hardware shall be drop
forged or pressed steel,
cadmium plated

Surface shall be smooth and

free of sharp edges.
 Safety Belts, Lifelines, Lanyards

All safety belts and lanyard

hardware, except rivets,
shall be capable of
withstanding a tensile
loading of 4,000 pounds
without cracking,
breaking, or taking a
permanent deformation.
SAFETY ALWAYS, KEEP HAZARDS AWAY