Contraceptive
Methods
Jitesh Khandal
GMM-52-19s
Contraception
There are many types of contraception widely used now days for
family planning purposes.
Each method has its advantages and suits special cases and not
necessarily suits others and the choice of contraception depends
on different needs of the patients like the period of contraception
and also doctor should decide which method suits needs more.
No method of contraception is completely effective.
Types:-
1. Natural contraception
2. Mechanical contraception
3. Hormonal contraception
4. Surgical contraception
Types of Birth Control
Hormonal Methods
Oral Contraceptives
(Birth Control Pill)
Injections (Depo-Provera)
Implants (Norplant I & II)
Birth Control Pills
Pills can be taken to prevent pregnancy
Pills are safe and effective when taken properly
Pills are over 99% effective
Positive Benefits of Birth Control Pills
Prevents pregnancy Decreases incidence
Eases
menstrual of ovarian cysts
cramps Prevents ovarian and
Shortens period uterine cancer
Decreases acne
Regulates period
Side-effects
Breast tenderness Moodiness
Nausea Weight change
Increase in headaches
Taking the Pill
Once a day at the same time everyday
Use condoms for first month
Use condoms when on antibiotics
Use condoms for 1 week if you miss a pill or
take one late
The pill offers no protection from STD’s
Depo-Provera
Birth control shot given once every three months to prevent
pregnancy
99.7% effective preventing pregnancy
No daily pills to remember
?How does the shot work
The same way as the Pill!
Stops ovulation
Stops menstrual cycles!!
Thickens cervical mucus
SIDE EFFECTS
Extremely irregular menstrual bleeding and
spotting for 3-6 months!
NO PERIOD after 3-6 months
Weight change
Breast tenderness
Mood change
*NOT EVERY WOMAN HAS SIDE-EFFECTS!
IMPLANTS
Implants are placed in the body filled with
hormone that prevents pregnancy
Physically inserted in simple 15 minute
outpatient procedure
Plastic capsules the size of paper matchsticks
inserted under the skin in the arm
99.95% effectiveness rate
Norplant I vs. Norplant II
Six capsules Two capsules
Five Three years
years
The pill works in several ways to prevent pregnancy.
The pill suppresses ovulation so that an egg is not
released from the ovaries, and changes the cervical
mucus, causing it to become thicker and making it
more difficult for sperm to swim into the womb. The
pill also does not allow the lining of the womb to
develop enough to receive and nurture a fertilized
egg. This method of birth control offers no protection
against sexually-transmitted diseases.
Emergency Contraception (ECP)
Must be taken within 72 hours of the act of
unprotected intercourse or failure of
contraception method
Must receive ECP from a physician
75 – 84% effective in reducing pregnancy
BARRIER METHODS
Spermicides
Male Condom
Female Condom
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap
SPERMICIDES
Chemicals kill sperm in the vagina
Different forms:
-Jelly -Foam -
Suppository
Some work instantly, others require pre-insertion
Only 76% effective (used alone), should be used in
combination with another method i.e., condoms
MALE CONDOM
Most common and effective barrier method when used
properly
Latex should only be used in the prevention of pregnancy
and spread of STI’s (including HIV)
The Female Condom
The female condom is a lubricated polyurethane sheath, similar in appearance to a male condom. It is
inserted into the vagina. The closed end covers the cervix. Like the male condom, it is intended for one-time
use and then discarded.
The sponge is inserted by the woman into the vagina and covers the cervix blocking sperm from entering the
cervix. The sponge also contains a spermicide that kills sperm. It is available without a prescription.
Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing)
95-99% Effective A new ring is inserted into
the vagina each month
Does not require a "fitting" by a health care
provider, does not require spermicide, can
make periods more regular and less painful, no
pill to take daily, ability to become pregnant
returns quickly when use is stopped.
Nuva Ring is a flexible
plastic (ethylene-vinyl
acetate copolymer) ring that
releases a low dose of a
progestin and an estrogen
over 3 weeks.
CERVICAL CAP
Latex barrier inserted in vagina before
intercourse
“Caps” around cervix with suction
Fill with spermicidal jelly prior to use
Can be left in body for up to a total of 48 hours
Must be left in place six hours after sexual
intercourse
Perfect effectiveness rate = 91%
Typical effectiveness rate = 80%
Cervical Cap
The cervical cap is a flexible rubber cup-like device that is
filled with spermicide and self-inserted over the cervix
prior to intercourse. The device is left in place several
hours after intercourse. The cap is a prescribed device
fitted by a health care professional and can be more
expensive than other barrier methods, such as condoms.
Sponge
The sponge is inserted by the woman into the vagina and covers the
cervix blocking sperm from entering the cervix. The sponge also
contains a spermicide that kills sperm. It is available without a
prescription
INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
(IUD)
T-shaped object placed in the
uterus to prevent pregnancy
Must be on period during
insertion
A Natural childbirth required to
use
IUD
Extremely effective without using
hormones > 97 %
The intrauterine device (IUD) shown uses copper as the active contraceptive,
others use progesterone in a plastic device. IUDs are very effective at preventing
pregnancy (less than 2% chance per year for the progesterone IUD, less than 1%
chance per year for the copper IUD). IUDs come with increased risk of ectopic
pregnancy and perforation of the uterus and do not protect against sexually
transmitted disease. IUDs are prescribed and placed by health care providers.
INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
(IUD)
T-shaped object placed in the uterus to prevent
pregnancy
Must be on period during insertion
Extremely effective without using hormones >
97 %
Copper T vs.. Progestasert
10 years 1 year
99.2 % effective 98% effective
T shaped plastic that
Copper on IUD acts as
spermicide, IUD blocks releases hormones
over a one year time
egg from implanting frame
Thickens mucus,
blocking egg
STERILIZATION
Procedure performed on a man or a woman
permanently sterilizes
Female = Tubal Ligation
Male = Vasectomy
TUBAL LIGATION
Surgical procedure performed on a woman
Fallopian tubes are cut, tied, cauterized, prevents eggs from
reaching sperm
Failure rates vary by procedure, from 0.8%-3.7%
May experience heavier periods
Surgical sterilization which
permanently prevents the
transport of the egg to the uterus
by means of sealing the fallopian
tubes is called tubal ligation,
commonly called "having one's
tubes tied." This operation can be
performed laparoscopically or in
conjunction with a Cesarean
section, after the baby is
delivered. Tubal ligation is
considered permanent, but
surgical reversal can be performed
in some cases
VASECTOMY
Male sterilization procedure
Ligation of Vas Deferens tube
Faster and easier recovery than a tubal ligation
Failure rate = 0.1%, more effective than female
sterilization
During a vasectomy (“cutting the vas”) a urologist cuts and
ligates (ties off) the ductus deferens. Sperm are still produced
but cannot exit the body. Sperm eventually deteriorate and are
phagocytized. A man is sterile, but because testosterone is
still produced he retains his sex drive and secondary sex
characteristics.
METHODS BASED ON
INFORMATION
Withdrawal
Natural Family Planning
Fertility Awareness Method
Abstinence
Thank you
